Gestión de marca en compañías aéreas de bajo coste.

El trabajo que hemos realizado habla sobre la gestión de marca y estrategia que llevan a cabo las compañías aéreas de bajo coste en Europa. Tras realizar un contexto sobre el sector aéreo, explicar su importancia y justificar la elección del tema, pasaríamos a realizar el marco teórico. En este punto tratamos el tema como un tema multidisplinar que puede ser abordado desde diferentes ámbitos, sin embargo, lo abordaremos centrándonos en varios puntos como la teoría de los juegos, la estrategia de Michael Porter, elementos que construyen la imagen de marca, y resultado de la aparición de las aerolíneas. Tras la realización del marco teórico, realizamos un cuestionario a cincuenta personas para posteriormente realizar un estudio experimental, que nos llevó a una serie de conclusiones.Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Materials and prognostic factors of bone regeneration in periapical surgery: a systematic review

Objectives: Analyse the effectiveness of different materials and techniques used in guided tissue regeneration (GTR) applied in periapical surgery, comparing the success rate obtained in 4-wall defects and in through-and- through bone lesions as well as to establish prognostic factors. Material and Methods: A Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus database search (October 2012 to March 2013) was conducted with the search terms "periapical surgery", "surgical endodontic treatment", "guided tissue regeneration", "bone regeneration", "bone grafts", "barrier membranes" and "periapical lesions" individually and next, using the Boolean operator "AND". The inclusion criteria were the use of GTR (bone graft and/or membrane barrier), clinical studies including at least 10 patients, 10 years aged articles published in English or French. The exclusion criteria were case reports and nonhuman studies. Results: 34 publications were selected from a total of 483. 9 of the 34 were excluded. Finally, the systematic review included 25 articles: 2 metaanalysis, 8 reviews, 13 prospective studies and 2 retrospective studies. They were stratified according to their level of scientific evidence using the SORT criteria. The 4-wall periapical and through-and-through lesions improve more their prognosis by combining bone grafts and barrier membranes than using these materials exclusively, respect to the control groups. The results show lower failure rates in 4-wall le - sions than in through-and-through lesions using GTR. Conclusions: The combined GTR technique (filling material and membranes) obtains a greater success rate both in 4-wall lesions and in through-and-through lesions, respect to the control groups. The use of regeneration materials seems to be more necessary in through-and-through lesions, > 5mm lesions, lower teeth and apicomarginal lesions as they have the worst healing prognosis. In function of the articles scientific quality, a type B recommendation is given in favour to the use of GTR in association of periapical surgery in case of 4-wall and through-and-through lesions

Role of carnoy?s solution in the treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumor : a systematic review

The keratocystic odontogenic tumor is a benign but aggressive neoplasm. As enucleation alone obtains high recurrence rates, some adjuvant treatments such as Carnoy?s solution have been proposed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reduction of recurrences with the use of Carnoy?s solution as adjuvant in the treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumors. All the studies included were case series. The recurrence rate of enucleation ranged from 0% to 58.8%. With the only use of Carnoy?s solution as adjuvant treatment to the enucleation, recurrences varied from 0% to 100%. The use of ? 2 adjuvant treatments reduced the range between 0% and 7.9%. The use of Carnoy?s solution as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumor has a grade C recommendation

Prognostic factors on periapical surgery: a systematic review

Background: Analyze the most important prognostic factors when performing periapical surgery and compare the success rates of distinct authors. Introduction: Periapical surgery is an approach to treat non-healing periapical lesions and it should be viewed as an extension of endodontic treatment and not as a separate entity. Material and Methods: A search of articles published in Cochrane, PubMed (MEDLINE) and Scopus was conducted with the key words “prognostic factors”, “prognosis”, “periapical surgery”, “endodontic surgery” and “surgical endodontic treatment”. The inclusion criteria were articles including at least 10 patients, published in English, for the last 10 years. The exclusion criteria were nonhuman studies and case reports. Results: 33 articles were selected from 321 initially found. Ten articles from 33 were excluded and finally the systematic review included 23 articles: 1 metaanalysis, 1 systematic review, 2 randomized clinical trials, 6 reviews, 12 prospective studies and 1 retrospective study. They were stratified according to their level of scientific evidence using the SORT criteria. Conclusions: Factors associated with a better outcome of periapical surgery are patients ≤45 years old, upper anterior or premolar teeth, ≤10 sized lesions, non cystic lesions, absence of preoperative signs and symptoms, lesions without periodontal involvement, teeth with an adequate root-filling length, MTA as root-end filling material, uniradicular teeth, absence of perforating lesions, apical resection < 3 mm, teeth not associated to an oroantral fistula and teeth with only one periapical surgery

Malignant changes developing from odontogenic cysts: a systematic review

The aim of this study was to systematically review scientific literature in orderto describe the characteristics and prognosis of malignant entities developing from odontogenic cysts. A search in Pubmed (MEDLINE) and Cochrane databases was conducted. The inclusion criteria were articles published in English related to the malignisation of odontogenic cysts in humans. The exclusion criteria were articles that do not specify the type of odontogenic cyst, malignisation of parakeratinised keratocysts, the presence of an ameloblastic carcinoma and metastasis from distant primary tumours. The selected articles were classified according to Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy criteria. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using statistical package software SPSS version 22.0. From the 1,237 articles initially obtained, the authors included 3 case series and 45 case reports in the end. Descriptive analysis showed that men have a disposition for malignisation from odontogenic cysts and they frequently appear at the posterior mandible, with pain and swelling being the most frequent signs and symptoms. Follicular cysts were the entities that underwent the most malignant changes with well differentiated squamous cell carcinomas being the most prevalent type of malignancy. The real prognosis of this malignancy is not known because of the heterogeneity of available studies

Bifid mandibular condyles : a systematic review

Bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) constitutes an extremely rare disorder characterized by a duplication of the head of the mandibular condyle. Its prevalence ranges from 0.31% to 1.82% in the published literature. The primary objective was to describe the main etiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with BMCs and the existent treatment options. The secondary objective was to simultaneously include the characteristics of two new cases of BMC. An electronic search in Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus and The Cochrane Library was carried out by two independent reviewers until April 2018. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies, case series and case reports describing clinical and/or radiological characteristics of patients with BMC were included. Registered variables were demographic, etiological factors, diagnostic exam, clinical characteristics and treatment options. The results from the articles selected were organized in a Table along with the characteristics of two new cases of BMC provided by the authors. From a total of 431 articles found in the initial search, 68 articles were finally included. This systematic review included 216 patients and 270 BMC with an average age of 30.6 (SD=14.7) years and a women:men ratio of 1.4:1. Mediolateral condylar orientation was the most prevalent position (80.1%). Among cases with known etiology, 40.8% of cases had a history of traumatism, while 55.9% did not present any relevant medical background. Half of the symptomatic cases had history of trauma. The most common symptoms were hypomobility (22.7%), arthralgia (18.1%), articular noise (17.2%) and ankylosis (17.6%). Active monitoring and manufacturing an occlusal splint were the most frequent treatment options. BMC may have congenital or traumatic etiology. Hypomobility and arthralgia are the most frequent symptoms and treatment options are often conservative

Retrograde filling material in periapical surgery:a systematic review

Periapical surgery focuses on the treatment of teeth with persistent periapical lesions when orthograde root canal treatment fails. Although MTA® is the gold standard material for retrograde filling, Biodentine® - a tricalcium silicate-based cement - has been proposed in order to resolve several of its limitations. A systematic review has been carried out to compare the physicochemical properties of Biodentine® versus MTA® as root-end filling material in periapical surgery. An electronic search was conducted by two independent examiners during March 2020 in the Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases. In addition, a manual search was made in specialized journals. Comparative human or in vitro studies that evaluated bond strength, the presence of marginal gap and sealing ability were included. No restriction on publication date was applied. Animal studies, clinical cases, cases series and expert opinions were excluded. After analyzing 147 initially selected studies, 13 publications were included. Regarding bond strength, the studies seemed to evidence better performance of Biodentine® in both acidic and blood contaminated environments. In relation to the presence of marginal gap and sealing ability, the studies yielded contradictory results. According to some authors, the sealing ability of Biodentine® is greater than that of MTA® during the first 24 hours, though both materials prove equal after one week. Other authors recorded no significant differences. Considering the limitations and heterogeneity of the studies included, there is not sufficient evidence to confirm the clinical superiority of Biodentine® as a root-end filling material in periapical surgery

Bifid mandibular condyles: A systematic review

Background: bifid mandibular condyle (BMC) constitutes an extremely rare disorder characterized by a duplication of the head of the mandibular condyle. Its prevalence ranges from 0.31% to 1.82% in the published literature. Objectives: the primary objective was to describe the main etiological, clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with BMCs and the existent treatment options. The secondary objective was to simultaneously include the characteristics of two new cases of BMC. Material and Methods: an electronic search in Pubmed (MEDLINE), Scopus and The Cochrane Library was carried out by two independent reviewers until April 2018. Prospective or retrospective cohort studies, case series and case reports describing clinical and/or radiological characteristics of patients with BMC were included. Registered variables were demographic, etiological factors, diagnostic exam, clinical characteristics and treatment options. The results from the articles selected were organized in a Table along with the characteristics of two new cases of BMC provided by the authors. Results: from a total of 431 articles found in the initial search, 68 articles were finally included. This systematic review included 216 patients and 270 BMC with an average age of 30.6 (SD=14.7) years and a women:men ratio of 1.4:1. Mediolateral condylar orientation was the most prevalent position (80.1%). Among cases with known etiology, 40.8% of cases had a history of traumatism, while 55.9% did not present any relevant medical background. Half of the symptomatic cases had history of trauma. The most common symptoms were hypomobility (22.7%), arthralgia (18.1%), articular noise (17.2%) and ankylosis (17.6%). Active monitoring and manufacturing an occlusal splint were the most frequent treatment options. Conclusions: BMC may have congenital or traumatic etiology. Hypomobility and arthralgia are the most frequent symptoms and treatment options are often conservative

Efecto de la modificación superficial por Fricción Agitación (PFA) en la dureza y el desgaste de la aleación de aluminio de la serie 6000

This article presents the results obtained from the&nbsp;evaluation of the effects of the surface modification by&nbsp;Friction Stir processing (FSP) on an aluminum alloy of&nbsp;architectural use of the series 6063 are reported. The behavior&nbsp;of the material in the state of supply and of the modified&nbsp;material by FSP, microhardness analysis, metallographic&nbsp;analysis at macro and micro levels, wear analysis and&nbsp;coefficient of friction were performed using the Pin on&nbsp;Disk dynamic test. It was found that in general the surface&nbsp;modification produces a substantial improvement of the&nbsp;mechanical properties such as hardness when passing from&nbsp;42 HV to 62 HV in the samples modified by (FSP) and the wear resistance in terms of mass loss was reduced in a 39% offering an important technological alternative to improve the in-service performance of these materials subjected to similar operating conditions.En el presente artículo se reportan los efectos&nbsp;de la modificación superficial mediante la técnica de&nbsp;procesamiento por fricción agitación (PFA) o Fricción&nbsp;Stir Procesing (FSP) sobre una aleación de aluminio de uso&nbsp;arquitectónico de la serie 6063. Se evaluó el comportamiento&nbsp;del material en estado de suministro y del material&nbsp;modificado por PFA, se realizó análisis de microdureza,&nbsp;análisis metalográfico en niveles macro y micro, análisis&nbsp;de desgaste y coeficiente de fricción utilizando la técnica&nbsp;de Pin on Disk. Se encontró que en general la modificación&nbsp;superficial produce un mejoramiento sustancial de las&nbsp;propiedades mecánicas como la dureza, al pasar de 42&nbsp;HV A 62 HV en las muestras modificadas por (FSP) y la&nbsp;resistencia al desgaste en términos de pérdida de masa se&nbsp;redujo en un 39 %. Ofreciendo una alternativa tecnológica&nbsp;importante para mejorar el desempeño en servicio de estos&nbsp;materiales sometidos a condiciones de peración similares

Retrograde filling material in periapical surgery: a systematic review

Background: Periapical surgery focuses on the treatment of teeth with persistent periapical lesions when orthograde root canal treatment fails. Although MTA® is the gold standard material for retrograde filling, Biodentine® - a tricalcium silicate-based cement - has been proposed in order to resolve several of its limitations. A systematic review has been carried out to compare the physicochemical properties of Biodentine® versus MTA® as root-end filling material in periapical surgery. Material and methods: An electronic search was conducted by two independent examiners during March 2020 in the Cochrane, PubMed-MEDLINE and Scopus databases. In addition, a manual search was made in specialized journals. Comparative human or in vitro studies that evaluated bond strength, the presence of marginal gap and sealing ability were included. No restriction on publication date was applied. Animal studies, clinical cases, cases series and expert opinions were excluded. Results: After analyzing 147 initially selected studies, 13 publications were included. Regarding bond strength, the studies seemed to evidence better performance of Biodentine® in both acidic and blood contaminated environments. In relation to the presence of marginal gap and sealing ability, the studies yielded contradictory results. According to some authors, the sealing ability of Biodentine® is greater than that of MTA® during the first 24 hours, though both materials prove equal after one week. Other authors recorded no significant differences. Conclusions: Considering the limitations and heterogeneity of the studies included, there is not sufficient evidence to confirm the clinical superiority of Biodentine® as a root-end filling material in periapical surgery