El Banco Español de La Habana (1856-1881)

Editada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaEn 1856 se constituyó el Banco Español de La Habana al que se reconoció privilegio de emisión en la isla de Cuba. Sus relaciones con el gobierno fueron estrechas desde el principio. En este artículo se estudia la evolución del Banco entre 1856 y 1881. Se dedica particular atención al examen del apoyo financiero prestado al gobierno en diversas ocasiones, especialmente durante la insurrección de 1868. Se analiza también el apoyo gubernamental al Banco, que se había convertido paulatinamente en una de las ruedas más importantes de la maquinana político- administrativa de la colonia y cuyo crédito apareció pronto vinculado al del Tesoro publico.In 1856 the Banco Español de La Habana started to operate. According to its Charter it was the only banking institution with privilege to issue. Its relations with the government were thus very close from the beginning. This article studies the evolution of the bank between 1856 and 1880. Special attention is paid to its financial support to the government, particularly during the Cuban insurrection of 1868. We also point out the assistance of the Spanish govemmem to this institution in periods of maximum strain (crisis of 1857 and 1866) and the key role of the bank as a piece in the political and administrative machinery of the colony.Publicad

LDR brachytherapy offers superior tumor control to single-fraction HDR prostate brachytherapy: A prospective study

[Purpose]: To compare the clinical outcomes of single-fraction high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy and single-fraction low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy as the sole treatment for primary prostate cancer. [Material and Methods]: A quasi-randomized study that allocated, from March 2008 to February 2012, 129 low and intermediate risk prostate cancer patients to one single-fraction HDR of 19 Gy (61 patients) or to a 145 Gy 125I LDR permanent implant (68 patients. Biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression analysis. [Results]: After a median follow-up of 72 months in the HDR group, 26 patients relapsed, and after a median follow-up of 84 months in the LDR group, 7 patients relapsed (p < 0.0001). The 5-year bRFS was significantly better for the LDR group than for the HDR group (93.7% and 61.1%, respectively) (p < 0.0001). The 5-year OS also was significantly better in the LDR group (95.5% vs. 89.9%) (p = 0.0436). [Conclusions]: Permanent LDR prostate implant brachytherapy offers better clinical outcomes than single-fraction HDR for prostate cancer.Peer reviewe

Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain)

[EN] The Mediterranean region is a climate change hotspot, especially concerning issues of hydrological planning and urban water supply systems. In this context, the Jucar River Basin (Spain) presents an increase of frequency, intensity and duration of extreme meteorological phenomena, such as torrential rains, droughts or heat waves, which directly affect the quantity and quality of raw water available for drinking. This paper aims to analyze the effects of climate change on the raw water quality of the Jucar River Basin District, which mainly supplies the city of Valencia and its metropolitan area, in order to adapt drinking water treatments to new conditions and opportunities. For this purpose, we used observed data of water quality parameters from four stations and climate drivers from seven Earth system models of the latest Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 6. To model water quality (turbidity and conductivity) in the past and future scenarios, this study employs a backward stepwise regression taking into account daily values of mean temperature, maximum temperature, total rainfall and minimum and maximum relative humidity. Results showed that the model performance of the water quality simulation is more adequate for short moving-average windows (about 2-7 days) for turbidity and longer windows (about 30-60 days) for conductivity. Concerning the future scenarios, the most significant change was found in the projected increase of conductivity for the station of the Jucar river, between 4 and 11% by 2100, respectively, under the medium (SSP2-4.5) and pessimistic (SSP5-8.5) emission scenarios. The joint use of these types of management and monitoring tools may help the managers in charge of carrying out the different water treatments needed to apply a better plan to raw water and may help them identify future threats and investment needs to adapt the urban water supply systems to the changing conditions of raw water, such as turbidity or conductivity, as a consequence of climate change.This research was co-funded by the Agencia Valenciana de la Innovacio, through the study "Aplicacion de los servicios climaticos para el desarrollo de una estrategia de adaptacion al cambio climatico de los sistemas urbanos de abastecimiento" (INNTA3/2020/14), as well as by EIT Climate-KIC, financing the CRISI-ADAP-II project (EIT-CKIC-TC_2.13.7_190799), and supported by the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITECO) of the Spanish Government under the "IMpacts of climate change on wetlands Affected by GroUndwAter (IMAGUA)" project.Gómez-Martínez, G.; Galiano, L.; Rubio, T.; Prado-López, C.; Redolat, D.; Paradinas Blázquez, C.; Gaitán, E.... (2021). Effects of Climate Change on Water Quality in the Jucar River Basin (Spain). Water. 13(17):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172424S117131

Hybrid Innovative Learning

El proyecto HYBRID INNOVATIVE LEARNING ha intentado abordar algunos de los retos docentes y académicos que plantean los escenarios generados por el COVID19 en el ámbito de la enseñanza superior y más específicamente en un contexto interdisciplinar relacionado entre otros con los estudios urbanos y medioambientales, políticas públicas, turismo e identidades dentro de las ciencias sociales. Estos retos están en conexión con inquietudes y aspiraciones metodológicas docentes previas de los miembros de este equipo que durante años han tratado de introducir en la tarea docente diferentes formas de promoción de la participación, aprendizaje activo y dialógico

Leer en comunidad: Creación y desarrollo de clubes de lectura dentro y fuera de la Universidad

Depto. de Lengua Española y Teoría de la LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaFALSEsubmitte

Leer en comunidad: creación de clubes de lectura de literatura escrita por mujeres en la universidad

Depto. de Lengua Española y Teoría de la LiteraturaFac. de FilologíaFALSEUniversidad Complutense de Madridsubmitte

Facing Phototrophic Microorganisms That Colonize Artistic Fountains and Other Wet Stone Surfaces: Identification Keys

This research was funded by the GOVERNMENT OF ANDALUSIA AND EUROPEAN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FUND, grant number A-HUM-279-UGR18 and P18-FR-4477 (FICOARTE regional project), and by the SPANISH MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND COMPETITIVENESS, grant number PID2019.109713RB.100 (VIRARTE national project).All fountains are inhabited by phototrophic microorganisms, especially if they are functional and located outdoors. This fact, along with the regular presence of water and the intrinsic bioreceptivity of stone material, easily favors the biological development. Many of these organisms are responsible for the biodeterioration phenomena and recognizing them could help to define the best strategies for the conservation and maintenance of monumental fountains. The presence of biological growth involves different activities for the conservation of artistic fountains. This paper is a review of the phototrophic biodiversity reported in 46 fountains and gives a whole vision on coping with biodeteriogens of fountains, being an elementary guide for professionals in the field of stone conservation. It is focused on recognizing the main phototrophs by using simplified dichotomous keys for cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms. Some basic issues related to the handling of the samples and with the control of these types of microalgae are also briefly described, in order to assist interested professionals when dealing with the biodiversity of monumental fountains.GOVERNMENT OF ANDALUSIA A-HUM-279-UGR18 P18-FR-4477European Commission A-HUM-279-UGR18 P18-FR-4477SPANISH MINISTRY OF ECONOMY AND COMPETITIVENESS PID2019.109713RB.10

Frequent Microalgae in the Fountains of the Alhambra and Generalife: Identification and Creation of a Culture Collection

Cyanobacteria, green algae and diatoms are significant factors in the biodeterioration of stone cultural heritage sites, and specifically fountain monuments, due to the constant presence of water. In this study, samples were taken from di erent fountains in the Alhambra and Generalife, which are among the Spanish monuments of greatest historical and artistic value and which together were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1984. The aim was to identify which species of colonising microalgae are most frequent and to obtain monoalgal cultures from them. From a conservation point of view, it is interesting to identify which algae are growing in these fountains and how they behave in order to develop new methods to control their growth. The most abundant groups of algae in our samples were green algae and cyanobacteria. The most common genera in the former group were Bracteacoccus, Chlorosarcina, Chlorosarcinopsis, Apatococcus and Klebsormidium. As for cyanobacteria, the most abundant genera were Phormidium, Calothrix, Leptolyngbya, Chamaesiphon, Pleurocapsa and Chlorogloea. Using our collected samples, 10 genera of green algae and 13 genera of cyanobacteria were isolated, thereby constituting the base samples for the creation of a reference collection of living algae from the Alhambra and Generalife contexts, which can be used in subsequent studies to develop new types of treatment against biodeterioration.MINECO HAR2016-79886-PSpanish Government PID2019-109713RB-I00 A-HUM-279-UGR18Universidad de Granada A-HUM-279-UGR18Patronato de la Alhambra y el Generalife Adenda 1/201

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development

The National Mall is the great promenade that connects the most important buildings of the capital of the United States: the capitol with the George Washington and Abraham Lincoln Memorials touring the Castle and the main Smithsonian museums and the National Gallery of Art. The fountains present inside and outside these museums suffer alterations of color and texture due to colonization of algal populations on the surface of their constituent materials. We have studied 9 fountain belonging to the National Gallery of Art, the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, the Smithsonian Museum of Contemporary Art (Hirshhorn), the Smithsonian Arts and Industries Building, the Smithsonian Institution Building (the Castle), the Smithsonian National Museum of American History and the Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. In this work carried out by the national Project VIRARTE (UGR-MEC) at the Smithsonian Museum Conservation Institute (MCI-SI), the relationship between the diversity of the algal groups and the material composition and typology of the fountains is studied. We have studied the presence of different species of green microalgae, blue-green microalgae and diatoms that form pustules, films, mats and mineral crusts on fountains constructed with granite, limestone and various metals, and even upon sealant resins that are used to repair water leaks. The ultimate goal of this work in the control of these formations to avoid the aesthetic, functional and material damage that these photosynthetic organisms produce in the architectural heritage associated with water.Universidad de Granada Ayuntamiento de Granada Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife. Consejería de Cultura Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Edificación de la Universidad de Granada Turismo Ciudad de Granada. Ayuntamiento de Granad

Physical, Mechanical and Radiological Characteristics of a Fly Ash Geopolymer Incorporating Titanium Dioxide Waste as Passive Fire Insulating Material in Steel Structures

This research analyzes whether a titanium dioxide waste (TiO2 waste) can be used as a source material for geopolymers with good fire resistance properties. Samples with different proportions were prepared, replacing fly ashes with titanium dioxide waste on geopolymers (0, 20, 30, 40 and 100% w/w). The activating solution has a Na2O/SiO2 molar ratio of 0.98. Physical (bulk density, moisture content and water absorption) and mechanical (superficial hardness and compressive strength) characteristics have been evaluated. In addition, their thermal behavior at high temperatures (fire resistance, compressive strength at elevated temperature and absorbed energy) has also been evaluated to see if they can be used as fire insulating materials. This work also studies the radiological activity of geopolymer materials. The replacement of FA with WTiO2 increases the bulk density due to its higher specific bulk density. The highest compressive strength values were obtained with a TiO2 waste content between 30 and 40% w/w. The compressive strength decreases at high temperatures, especially when more TiO2 waste is added. When the amount of TiO2 waste is increased, so is the plateau of evaporation, and this, in turn, increases the resistance to fire. Geopolymers containing FA and TiO2 waste do not present radiological problems, although, when the TiO2 waste is increased, the activity index of the geopolymer also rises