Computer vision syndrome prevalence according to individual and video display terminal exposure characteristics in Spanish university students

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in university students and its relationship with sociodemographic and optical correction factors and exposure to video display terminal (VDT). Methods: This cross‐sectional study included 244 Spanish university students who responded to an anamnesis, a VDT exposure questionnaire and the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire (CVS‐Q©). A descriptive analysis was performed and the prevalence of CVS was calculated. Logistic regression models were used to measure the association between CVS and the variables studied. Results: The mean age was 20.7 years (SD = 2.1), 57% were women, 78.3% used VDTs ≥ 2 hours/day to study. The prevalence of CVS was 76.6%, and the most frequent symptoms were headache and itching. In the crude analysis, being a woman, using glasses daily and to study, and a longer VDT use to study and in total were associated with a higher prevalence of CVS; while in the older group, the prevalence was lower. In the multivariate model, VDT use to study was associated with a greater probability of CVS (aOR: 3.43; 95%CI: 1.03‐11.42), and being between 22 and 29 years was associated with a lower probability of it (aOR: 0.36; 95%CI: 0.15‐0.89). Conclusion: CVS has a high prevalence amongst Spanish university students. The most affected are the younger ones and those who use VDTs for longer hours to study. It is essential to continue investigating the influence of the type of tasks conducted with VDTs on CVS and thus to establish the preventive measures to reduce this syndrome

Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome and Its Relationship with Ergonomic and Individual Factors in Presbyopic VDT Workers Using Progressive Addition Lenses

This cross-sectional study estimated computer vision syndrome (CVS) prevalence and analysed its relationship with video display terminal (VDT) exposure, as well as sociodemographic, refractive, environmental, and ergonomic characteristics in 109 presbyopic VDT workers wearing progressive addition lenses (PALs). Usual spectacles were measured with a lens analyser, and subjective refraction was performed by an optometrist. CVS was measured with the CVS-Q©. VDT exposure was collected. Ergonomic evaluations were conducted in a normal working posture looking at the screen. Air temperature and relative humidity were measured (thermohygrometer), and illumination was measured (luxmeter). Descriptive analysis and differences in CVS prevalence, as a function of the explanatory variables, were performed (chi-square test). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with CVS (OR and 95% CI). The mean age was 54.0 ± 4.8 years, and 43.1% were women. The mean hours of VDT use at work was 6.5 ± 1.3 hours/day. The prevalence of CVS was 74.3%. CVS was significantly associated with women (OR 3.40; 95% CI, 1.12–10.33), non-neutral neck posture (OR 3.27; 95% CI, 1.03–10.41) and altered workplace lighting (OR 3.64; 95% CI, 1.22–10.81). Providing training and information to workers regarding the importance of adequate lighting and ergonomic postures during VDT use is advised to decrease CVS and increase workplace quality of life.This study was supported by grants from the Department of Education, Research, Culture and Sports, Valencian Government [GV/2017/187]

What are the dry eye questionnaires available in the scientific literature used for? A Scoping Review

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a frequent chronic ophthalmic condition. Its diagnosis includes tests and Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) questionnaires. Although many PRO dry eye questionnaires (PRO-DEQ) are available, they differ greatly from each other and not all have been validated. The purpose of this study was to retrieve the PRO-DEQ present in the scientific literature by performing a descriptive analysis of them and identifying those with known validity and reliability characteristics and to perform a descriptive analysis of the geographical area, year of publication and characteristics of the target population of the clinical studies that have used validated PRO dry eye questionnaires. Design: Scoping review of the literature. Methods: Search was conducted in PubMed to retrieve PRO-DEQ published up to July 2018 and written in English, French, Italian or Spanish. Results: 1602 records were identified, 973 were finally included. Of these, 56 provided information on the design and validation of PRO-DEQ and 49 PRO-DEQ were identified. 22 PRO-DEQ were validated (17 original and 5 modified) and 27 had no associated design, validity, and reliability studies. Most of the validated PRO-DEQ have been designed in English, the number of items varies between 1-57, the dimensions are generally not specified, and they are self-administered. The greatest use of validated PRO-DEQ in clinical studies has been in Asia since 2010, with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) being the most used. These questionnaires have been used mostly in adults, retired professionals and people with visual diseases to diagnose DED. Conclusions: This study aims to encourage the use of validated PRO-DEQ to guarantee the quality of the results obtained, as well as the comparability and replicability among studies.The authors thank the Vice-Rectorate of Research of the University of Alicante for the pre-doctoral training contract for the third author (UAFPU2019-08). Jose María Ramada receives a salary as head of the occupational health service at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) and as associate professor at the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona (Spain). Likewise, he has received competitive funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Instituto de Salud Carlos III for the INTEVAL_Plus project (PI17/00779), of which he is the principal investigator

CVS-Q teen©: computer vision syndrome in adolescents and its relationship with digital textbooks

Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia y la evolución del síndrome visual informático en estudiantes de secundaria y bachillerato mediante el CVS-Q© adaptado y validado para adolescentes, según empleen libros en papel o en soporte digital. Método: Se adaptará el CVS-Q© mediante un pilotaje en adolescentes y un grupo nominal compuesto por especialistas en salud visual, profesorado y padres/madres. Se evaluarán la calidad y la aplicabilidad de la versión resultante (CVS-Q teen©) y se realizará un estudio de validación con pruebas visuales, retest y análisis psicométrico. Posteriormente, se realizará un estudio prospectivo longitudinal con cuatro medidas repetidas en adolescentes de dos institutos de San Juan de Alicante (uno ha sustituido libros por tabletas). Se medirá el síndrome visual informático mediante el CVS-Q teen© con tres seguimientos. Se analizará la prevalencia de síndrome visual informático según factores sociodemográficos, visuales y de uso de dispositivos digitales. Se realizarán modelos de regresión logística con efecto aleatorio por estudiante y tiempo de uso.Objective: To analyse the prevalence and progression of computer vision syndrome in secondary and high school students with the CVS-Q© adapted and validated for adolescents, depending on whether they use textbooks or digital books. Method: The CVS-Q© will be adapted by a pilot study in adolescents and a nominal group of visual health specialists, teachers and parents. The resulting version (CVS-Q teen©) will be tested to confirm its quality and applicability and a validation study will be done with visual tests, retest and psychometric analysis. Subsequently, a prospective longitudinal study with four repeated measures will be carried out in adolescents from two secondary schools of San Juan de Alicante (one has replaced textbooks by tablets). Computer vision syndrome will be measured by the CVS-Q teen© with three follow-ups. The prevalence of computer vision syndrome will be analysed according to sociodemographic, visual and digital device use variables. Logistic regression models will be performed, with random effect by student and time of use.Los autores agradecen al Vicerrectorado de Investigación de la Universidad de Alicante por el contrato de formación predoctoral de la segunda autora (UAFPU2019-08). El presente proyecto ha sido financiado por la convocatoria «Proyectos de Investigación en Salud», Fondo de Investigación en Salud del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Unión Europea, a través de los Fondos Europeos de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) «Una manera de hacer Europa», con la referencia PI20/01629