The influence of intestinal parasites on Plasmodium vivax-specific antibody responses to MSP-119 and AMA-1 in rural populations of the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Polyparasitism is a common condition in humans but its impact on the host immune system and clinical diseases is still poorly understood. There are few studies of the prevalence and the effect of malaria-intestinal parasite co-infections in the immune response to malaria vaccine candidates. The present study determines whether the presence of malaria and intestinal parasites co-infection is associated with impaired IgG responses to Plasmodium vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 in a rural population of the Brazilian Amazon.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud A cross-sectional survey was performed in a rural area of Rondonia State and 279 individuals were included in the present study. At recruitment, whole blood was collected and Plasmodium and intestinal parasites were detected by microscopy and molecular tests. Blood cell count and haemoglobin were also tested and antibody response specific to P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119 was measured in plasma by ELISA. The participants were grouped according to their infection status: singly infected with Plasmodium (M); co-infected with Plasmodium and intestinal parasites (CI); singly infected with intestinal parasites (IP) and negative (N) for both malaria and intestinal parasites.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud The prevalence of intestinal parasites was significantly higher in individuals with malaria and protozoan infections were more prevalent. IgG antibodies to PvAMA-1 and/or PvMSP-119 were detected in 74 % of the population. The prevalence of specific IgG was similar for both proteins in all four groups and among the groups the lowest prevalence was in IP group. The cytophilic sub-classes IgG1 and IgG3 were predominant in all groups for PvAMA-1 and IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 for PvMSP-119. In the case of non-cytophilic antibodies to PvAMA-1, IgG2 was significantly higher in IP and N group when compared to M and CI while IgG4 was higher in IP group.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud The presence of intestinal parasites, mainly protozoans, in malaria co-infected individuals does not seem to alter the antibody immune responses to P. vivax AMA-1 and MSP-119. However, IgG response to both AMA1 and MSP1 were lower in individuals with intestinal parasites.The authors are in debt to the individuals who participated in this study, the\ud Secretary of Health and Laboratory Central (LACEN) of Rondonia, the local\ud malaria control team in Joana D´Arc settlement for their logistic support\ud and the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz) for overall support. This work was\ud supported by PRONEX Malaria network funded by the Brazilian Ministry of\ud Science and Technology (MCT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento\ud Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq, Brazil) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa\ud do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ, Brazil). PROEP, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz\ud (FIOCRUZ, Brazil). JOF is recipient of a Research Productivity Fellowship from\ud CNPq, JCSA is recipient of a fellowship from Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and VAR,\ud MM from CNPq

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Malária e parasitoses intestinais influência da coinfecção na resposta imune à malária em populações de assentamento no Estado de Rondônia, Brasil

Submitted by Angelo Silva ([email protected]) on 2016-07-20T14:04:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 71865.pdf: 48467768 bytes, checksum: dcb3b08cfc32a71a87cfc37712819a0b (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Anderson Silva ([email protected]) on 2016-07-21T15:21:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 71865.pdf: 48467768 bytes, checksum: dcb3b08cfc32a71a87cfc37712819a0b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T15:21:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 71865.pdf: 48467768 bytes, checksum: dcb3b08cfc32a71a87cfc37712819a0b (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilAs doenças tropicais não ocorrem de forma isolada devido a sua prevalência e distribuição. A malária e parasitoses intestinais são infecções endêmicas em várias regiões do planeta, incluindo a região amazônica. Evidência experimental mostra que infecções parasitárias concomitantes podem induzir modificações na resposta imune específica a antígenos de cada patógeno e nas manifestações clínicas causadas por essas infecções. Atualmente no Brasil são escassas informações sobre a prevalência de coinfecções malária-parasitoses intestinais em humanos, ou dados descrevendo alterações na resposta imune a estes patógenos quando elas se encontram associadas. Este fato nos levou a estudar tanto a prevalência quanto as alterações nas variáveis clínicas e imunológicas associadas à coinfecção malária-parasitoses intestinais em indivíduos moradores de assentamentos na Amazônia legal, localizados no Estado de Rondônia, Brasil. A partir do diagnóstico coproparasitológico e parasitológico e molecular de Plasmodium, os indivíduos participantes do estudo foram agrupados em quatro grupos: Infectados somente por Plasmodium (M), indivíduos coinfectados Plasmodium-parasitoses intestinais (CI), infectados unicamente com parasitoses intestinais (IP) e indivíduos sem infecções por Plasmodium e/ou parasitoses intestinais (UN). Observamos uma frequência importante de indivíduos coinfectados com malária-parasitoses intestinais (18%). Também foi visto que os protozoários são o principal grupo de parasitoses intestinais infectando esta população. O protozoário observado com maior frequência foi Giardia intestinalis enquanto Strongyloides stercoralis foi o helminto mais frequente Não observamos alterações de variáveis hematológicas nos indivíduos coinfectados comparados com os indivíduos com malária. Em relação à avaliação dos níveis de citocinas, não observamos diferenças entre os indivíduos dos grupos CI e M. Os indivíduos infectados com Plasmodium apresentaram altos níveis de IL-6, TNF-\03B1, IL-10 e CRP, junto com baixos níveis de IL-17ª. Em contraste, foram observados altos níveis de IL-17ª em indivíduos do grupo IP. Posteriormente foi avaliada a alteração da resposta humoral a proteínas plasmodiais em resposta à coinfecção. Não observamos alterações da produção de anticorpos contra as proteínas PvAMA-1 e PvMSP-119 associada à coinfecção, porém, o grupo PI apresentou menor frequência de resposta e menores índices de reatividade de IgG para as duas proteínas. Contudo, não foram observadas alterações na frequência de respondedores e índices de reatividade nas subclasses de IgG contra as duas proteínas recombinantes nos indivíduos do grupo CI. Em conjunto, estes resultados mostram que as infecções por parasitos intestinais são frequentes na população estudada, além de existir uma grande riqueza de algumas espécies de protozoários. Entretanto, apesar da prevalência destas infecções na população, elas parecem não influenciar as variáveis hematológicas, níveis de citocinas e anticorpos contra antígenos de P. vivax nos indivíduos coinfectadosAbstract: Tropical diseases do not occur isolated due to their prevalence and distribution. Malaria and intestinal parasites are endemic infections in several regions of the planet including amazonic regions. Experimental evidence has shown that concomitant parasitic infections could induce changes in both immune response to pathogen antigens and clinical manifestations caused by them. Nowadays there are few studies of prevalence of malaria-intestinal parasite coinfections in human populations, or data describing alterations caused in immune response to these pathogens when both infections coexist simultaneously. This lack of information led us to study the prevalence and changes of hematologic and immunological variables associated to coinfections in a population from a settlement located in the Amazon region in Brazil. Here we show in two articles the results of the investigation conducted in the described population. From stool samples diagnosis and parasitological and molecular diagnosis of Plasmodium, the studied individuals were grouped in: Individuals single-infected with Plasmodium (M), Plasmodium-intestinal parasites coinfected individuals (CI), Individuals single-infected with intestinal parasites (IP) and individuals without Plasmodium and/or intestinal parasite infections (UN). In the first paper a high frequency of coinfected individuals was observed (18%) We also observed that protozoans were the main intestinal parasite group infecting the studied population. Among protozoans the most prevalent species was Giardia intestinalis and the most prevalence helminth species was Strongyloides stercoralis. There were no changes in hematologic variables or cytokines comparing individuals from M and CI groups. Individuals infected with Plasmodium (groups M and CI) presented increased levels of de IL-6, TNF-\03B1, IL-10 and CRP, and low levels of LI-17A. On the other hand, individuals from IP group had increased levels of IL-17A. In the second paper we did not find changes in the antibody levels directed to PvAMA-1 and PvMSP-119 associated to coinfections. Nevertheless, the group of individuals with intestinal parasites presented a reduced frequency of responders and lower reactivity indexes of IgG subclasses frequencies and reactivity indexes among the groups studied. Together these results show that in the studied population there exists an important prevalence and intestinal parasites, mainly of protozoans. However, in spite of the important values of intestinal parasites prevalences in the population; hematological variables, cytokines and antibody production directed to P. vivax antigens are not affected in coinfected individual

Estudo de determinantes antigênicos para respostas imunes de células humanas em KMP-11 (Kinetoplastid membrane protein – 11) de Leishmania Amazonensis

Submitted by Anderson Silva ([email protected]) on 2012-05-29T13:38:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 juan_cs_arcila_ioc_bp_0018_2010.pdf: 3623203 bytes, checksum: 95b546b53817b404a7cd799e059899a1 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2012-05-29T13:38:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 juan_cs_arcila_ioc_bp_0018_2010.pdf: 3623203 bytes, checksum: 95b546b53817b404a7cd799e059899a1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010CNPq e PEC-PGFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.As leishmanioses formam um grupo de doenças antropozoonóticas, endêmicas em 88 países e presentes em quase todos os estados brasileiros. O desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra das leishmanioses é altamente desejável já que a terapia e as características biológicas e ecoepidemiólogicas dos parasitos e seus vetores associados não facilitam o controle da doença. Kinetoplastid Membrane Protein-11 (KMP-11) é uma molécula candidata a vacina contra as leishmanioses. Utilizando ferramentas in vitro e in silico, foi avaliada a antigenicidade de 13 peptídeos sintéticos abrangendo a sequência inteira de KMP-11. Para os estudos in vitro foram usadas células mononucleares de sangue periférico (PBMC) de pacientes com leishmaniose cutânea (LC) do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Estas células foram empregadas para testar a antigenicidade dos 13 peptídeos individualmente e da proteína integral KMP-11 recombinante, através de ensaios de ELISA e ELISPOT. Na dosagem de citocinas por ELISA observamos que a proteína KMP-11 recombinante estimulou respostas de citocinas quase sempre superiores às induzidas pelos peptídeos isolados. No que se refere a IFN-, dois dos 13 peptídeos (P9 e P10) estimularam níveis desta citocina significativamente (p<0,05) mais baixos do que os observados com a proteína inteira. Dez peptídeos (P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12 e P13) apresentaram níveis de IL-10 e TNF-α significativamente inferiores aos observados com a proteína inteira. KMP-11 mostrou-se um potente indutor de IL-10 em PBMC de pacientes com LC, confirmando resultados anteriormente publicados, mas também foi capaz de induzir a produção de IFN-γ e altos níveis de TNF-α, em níveis superiores aos dos peptídeos estudados. Na avaliação da razão IFN-γ/IL-10 observou-se um acentuado contraste entre a maioria dos peptídeos e a proteína KMP-11. As respostas a 11 dos 13 peptídeos mostraram um claro viés de resposta de tipo 1 (IFN-γ>IL-10), a exceção dos peptídeos P1 e P10 (IFN-γ<IL-10). Na resposta à proteína recombinante KMP-11 houve um forte predomínio da produção de IL-10 sobre a de IFN-γ. Observou-se uma grande variação na produção de citocinas estimuladas pelos peptídeos entre os pacientes envolvidos nas análises. Foi realizado um estudo in silico para predizer quais as sequências de KMP-11 que teriam maior potencial antigênico através do algoritmo SYFPEITHI, que revelou que os peptídeos estudados são promíscuos para a maioria dos alelos de HLA de classe I e II analisados. Para HLA de classe II, P4 mostrou scores significativamente maiores em relação a todos os outros peptídeos (p<0,05), exceto P10 e P12. Para HLA de classe I os valores de score para o peptídeo P1 foram significativamente mais altos que os valores dos peptídeos P4, P10 e P11 (p<0,05). Por outro lado, os valores de score para o peptídeo P11 foram significativamente mais baixos que os dos peptídeos P1, P2, P5, P6, P12 e P13 (p<0,05). Os peptídeos P3, P4 e P11 apresentaram valores negativos de score, indicando que eles contêm, dentro das respectivas sequências, aminoácidos que interferem ou que desfavorecem a interação e ligação com os diferentes alelos de HLA I. Adicionalmente, foram utilizadas as ferramentas PAPROC, MAPP e NetChop que possibilitaram predizer que sequências contidas em P1, P5 e P6 seriam produzidas naturalmente pela maquinaria proteolítica. O algoritmo PHYRE predisse que KMP-11 apresentava uma conformação de “grampo” com hélices-α ligadas por uma alça. Adicionalmente este programa predisse a estrutura tridimensional da proteína. O algoritmo PROTSCALE mostrou que KMP-11 possui três regiões de alta polaridade entre os aminoácidos 14-29, 34-36 e 44-71. o que estaria relacionado com a estrutura tridimensional já mencionada. Finalmente, a análise de nível de conservação de KMP-11 confirmou que esta molécula é bem conservada nos cinetoplastídeos, porém possibilitou discriminar as sequências dos genes codificadores da proteína no gênero Leishmania das existentes nos gênero Trypanosoma e Crithidia. Os resultados obtidos na análise bioinformática estavam, em parte, de acordo com os obtidos na parte experimental (imunológica) do presente estudo e em estudos anteriores sobre KMP-11.Leishmaniases are a group of antropozoonotic diseases, endemic in 88 countries and present in almost all Brazilian states. The development of vaccines against leishmaniasis is highly desirable because neither the therapy nor the biological and ecoepidemiologic characteristics of parasites and their associated vectors facilitate the disease control. Kinetoplastid Membrane Protein-11 (KMP-11) is a vaccine candidate molecule against leishmaniasis. Using in vitro and in silico tools, we evaluated the antigenicity of 13 synthetic overlapping peptides covering the entire sequence of KMP-11. For the in vitro experiments we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (LC) from Rio de Janeiro State. These cells were employed to test the antigenicity of the 13 peptides individually, using ELISA and ELISPOT. By using ELISA we observed that recombinant KMP-11 induced higher cytokine responses than most of the individual peptides. Concerning IFN-γ two peptides (P9 and P10) induced cytokine levels significantly lower (p<0.05) than the entire protein. Ten peptides (P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P10, P11, P12 e and P13) induced significantly lower IL-10 and TNF-α levels than those observed with the entire protein. KMP- 11 was a potent inducer of IL-10 production in PBMC cultures from LC patients, confirming previously published observations. It was also capable of inducing higher levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α as compared to the studied peptides. In the evaluation of the IFN-γ/IL-10 ratio, we observed a marked contrast between most of the peptides and KMP-11. The responses to 11 out of 13 peptides presented a clear type 1 bias (IFN-γ>IL-10), except P1 and P10, which showed a type 2 response (IFN-γ<IL-10). The response with the entire recombinant protein IL-10 production predominated over that of IFN-γ. High variability in cytokine production among the patients was observed. An in silico study was made to predict KMP-11 sequences with antigenic potential with the SYFPEITHI algorithm. This analysis has revealed that the studied peptides were promiscuous for most of the class I and class II HLA alleles analyzed. For class II HLA, P4 showed scores significantly higher than the other peptides (p<0.05), except those of P10 and P12. For class I HLA, the score values for P1 were significantly higher than those for P4, P10 and P11 (p<0.05). On the other hand, the score values for the P11 were significantly lower than those for P1, P2, P5, P6, P12 and P13 (p<0.05). The P3, P4 and P11 peptides showed negative score values, indicating that they contain amino acids that interfere with the binding to HLA I molecules. In addition to this, we used the PAPROC, MAPP and NetChop tools that have predicted that sequences contained in P1, P5 and P5 would be naturally produced by the proteolytic machinery. The PHYRE algorithm has predicted that KMP-11 has a "hairpin" conformation with two alpha-helixes joined together by a loop. Additionally this software has predicted the tridimensional structure of the protein. The PROTSCALE algorithm revealed three regions of high polarity in the KMP-11 molecule (at the positions 14-29, 34-36 and 44-71), what would be related to the tridimensional structure already mentioned. Finally, the analysis of KMP-11 conservation confirmed that this molecule is highly conserved in Kinetoplastidae, However, it was able to distinguish the sequences of the KMP-11-coding genes in the genus Leishmania from those existent in Trypanosoma and Crithidia. The results obtained in the bioinformatic analysis were partially in agreement with those obtained in the experimental (immunologic) part of the present study and in previous studies on KMP-11

30 years of fatal dengue cases in Brazil: a review

Abstract Background Over the last 30 years, extensive dengue epidemics have occurred in Brazil, characterized by emergences and re-emergences of different serotypes, a change in the epidemiological profile and an increase in the number of severe and fatal cases. Here, we present a review on the dengue fatal cases that occurred in Brazil in 30 years (1986–2015). Methods We performed an ecological study by using secondary data on dengue fatal cases obtained in the National System of Reported Diseases (Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação -SINAN) and in the Mortality Information System (SIM), both maintained by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Cases were analyzed by region, demographic variables, clinical classification and complications based on the data available. Results In 30 years (1986–2015), the Southeast region reported 43% (n = 2225) of all dengue deaths in the country. The Midwest region was responsible for 18% of the fatal cases. After 2000, deaths occurred in almost all states, with the exception of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, South region. From 2006 to 2010, the number of deaths increased, with higher rates of mortality, especially in Goiás and Mato Grosso. From 2011 to 2015, Goiás became the state with the highest mortality rate in the country, and Rio Grande do Sul reported its first dengue deaths. In 30 years, a total of 2682 dengue deaths occurred in males and 2455 in females, and an equal distribution between the sexes was observed. From 1986 to 2006, dengue deaths occurred predominantly in individuals over 15 years old, but this scenario changed in 2007–2008. After 2009, fatal cases on individuals above 15 years old became more frequent, with peaks in the years of 2010, 2013 and 2015. Conclusions The Brazil is experiencing a hyperendemic scenario, which has resulted in the co-circulation of the four DENV serotypes and with the increasing occurrence of severe and fatal cases. The disease surveillance and studies characterizing what has been reported overtime, are still important tools to better understand the factors involved in the disease outcome

Correction: Hemostasis in elderly patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-Cross-sectional study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227763.]

Hemostasis in elderly patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-Cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION:Aging and chronic HIV infection are clinical conditions that share the states of inflammation and hypercoagulability. The life expectancy of the world population has increased in the last decades, bringing as complications the occurrence of diseases that undergoing metabolic, bone, cardiological, vascular and neurological alterations. HIV-infected patients experience these changes early and are living longer due to the success of antiretroviral therapy. The objectives of this study was to evaluate some changes in the plasma hemostatic profile of 115 HIV-reactive elderly individuals over 60 years old in the chronic phase of infection, and compare with 88 healthy uninfected elderly individuals. Plasma determinations of D-dimers, Fibrinogen, von Willebrand Factor, Antithrombin, Prothrombin Time, Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, and platelet count were performed. In the HIV-reactive group, these variables were analyzed according to viral load, protease inhibitor use and CD4+ T lymphocyte values. After adjusted values for age and sex, the results showed higher levels of Antithrombin (103%; 88%, p = 0.0001) and Prothrombin Time activities (92.4%; 88.2%, p = 0.019) in the HIV group compared to the control group. We observed higher values of Fibrinogen in protease inhibitor users in both the male (p = 0.043) and female (p = 0.004) groups, and in the female HIV group with detected viral load (p = 0.015). The male HIV group with a CD4+ count> 400 cells / mm3 presented higher von Willebrand Factor values (p = 0.036). D-Dimers had higher values in the older age groups (p = 0.003; p = 0.042, respectively). CONCLUSION:Our results suggest that the elderly with chronic HIV infection with few comorbidities had a better hemostatic profile than negative control group, reflecting the success of treatment. Protease inhibitor use and age punctually altered this profile

Seroprevalence of the Hepatitis E Virus in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Communities from the Brazilian Amazon Basin

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis in tropical regions. In Brazil, HEV G3 is the only genotype detected to date. Reports on HEV prevalence are heterogeneous. We aimed to compare the prevalence of anti-HEV among three populations living in the Brazilian Amazon basin. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted in urban, rural, and Yanomami indigenous areas. Plasma samples from 428 indigenous and 383 non-indigenous subjects were tested for anti-HEV IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The overall prevalence of anti-HEV was 6.8% (95%CI: 5.25–8.72), with 2.8% (12/428) found in the Yanomami areas, 3% (3/101) in an urban area, and 14.2% (40/282) in a rural area. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that patients aged 31–45 years or ≥46 years are more likely to present anti-HEV positivity, with a respective aOR of 2.76 (95%CI: 1.09–7.5) and 4.27 (95%CI: 1.58–12.35). Furthermore, residence in a rural area (aOR: 7.67; 95%CI: 2.50–33.67) represents a relevant risk factor for HEV infection. Additional studies detecting HEV RNA in fecal samples from both humans and potential animal reservoirs are necessary to comprehensively identify risk factors associated with HEV exposure

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Zika and Dengue Infected Patients: Lessons Learned From the Co-circulation of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-05-08T11:44:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elzinandes_azeredo_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 266561 bytes, checksum: 3fd4deff59ea3b94a4c059811099b8c3 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-05-08T12:01:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 elzinandes_azeredo_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 266561 bytes, checksum: 3fd4deff59ea3b94a4c059811099b8c3 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T12:01:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 elzinandes_azeredo_etal_IOC_2018.pdf: 266561 bytes, checksum: 3fd4deff59ea3b94a4c059811099b8c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira. Laboratório de Genética. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Imunologia Viral. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Pesquisa Imunologia.. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Flavivírus. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil .Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Departamento de Clínica Médica. Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Faculdade de Medicina. Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Departamento de Clínica Médica. Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.The current triple epidemic caused by dengue, zika and chikungunya constitutes a serious health problem in Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate acute samples (up to the 7 days of symptoms) from patients presenting acute fever syndrome suspected as arboviral infection and characterize the clinical and laboratorial profile during the co-circulation of dengue, zika and chikungunya in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), midwest region of Brazil

Evaluating seroprevalence to circumsporozoite protein to estimate exposure to three species of Plasmodium in the Brazilian Amazon

Abstract Background Brazil has seen a great decline in malaria and the country is moving towards elimination. However, for eventual elimination, the control program needs efficient tools in order to monitor malaria exposure and transmission. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether seroprevalence to the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is a good tool for monitoring the exposure to and/or evaluating the burden and distribution of Plasmodium species in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in a rural area of Porto Velho, Rondônia state. Parasite infection was detected by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Antibodies to the sporozoite CSP repeats of Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum, and P. malariae (PvCS, PfCS, and PmCS) were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 and DQB1 genes were typed using Luminex® xMAP® technology. Results The prevalence of immunoglobulin G against P. vivax CSP peptide (62%) was higher than P. falciparum (49%) and P. malariae (46%) CSP peptide. Most of the studied individuals had antibodies to at least one of the three peptides (72%), 34% had antibodies to all three peptides and 28% were non-responders. Although the majority of the population was not infected at the time of the survey, 74.3% of parasite-negative individuals had antibodies to at least one of the CSPs. Importantly, among individuals carrying the haplotypes DRB1*04~DQB1*03, there was a significantly higher frequency of PfCS responders, and DRB1*16~DQB1*03 haplotype for PvCS and PfCS responders. In contrast, HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DQB1*05 allelic groups were associated with a lack of antibodies to P. vivax and P. falciparum CSP repeats, and the haplotype DRB1*01~DQB1*05 was also associated with non-responders, including non-responders to P. malariae. Conclusions Our results show that in low transmission settings, naturally acquired antibody responses against the CSP repeats of P. vivax, P. falciparum, and P. malariae in a single cross-sectional study may not represent a valuable marker for monitoring recent malaria exposure, especially in an area with a high prevalence of P. vivax. Furthermore, HLA class II molecules play an important role in antibody response and require further study with a larger sample size. It will be of interest to consider HLA analysis when using serosurveillance to monitor malaria exposure among genetically diverse populations