Construcción de cepas de pichia pastoris productoras de hormonas del crecimiento humana recombinante y evaluación de esquemas de purificación

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANLUANLhttp://www.uanl.mx

Percepción de la violencia del docente hacia el alumno en instituciones de educación superior

Se presentan los resultados del estudio realizado en 5 Facultades de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León sobre la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de diferentes tipos de violencia ejercida por los maestros hacia los alumnos desde la situación de víctima y testigo. Este trabajo es parte de un proyecto principal que utiliza un instrumento de 120 reactivos para conocer la percepción de diferentes tipos de violencia a diferentes niveles: entre iguales (compañeros), del docente hacia el alumno y del alumno hacia el docente dentro de instituciones de educación superior. Del instrumento se analizaron 42 reactivos, con base en los resultados del instrumento aplicado a 497 voluntarios y procesado a través de técnicas de estadística descriptiva, se identificaron cuáles son las formas de violencia que más perciben los estudiantes de sus maestros. La escuela como espacio de formación intermedio entre la familia y la sociedad refuerza y reproduce la sociedad a la que pertenece. Este trabajo servirá para hacer un diagnóstico y tratar de solucionar el primer problema con la violencia que es reconocerla y, el segundo, aceptar su presencia como parte de nuestro mundo, de nuestro entorno y de nosotros mismos

Nanoparticles for death‑induced gene therapy in cancer (Review)

Abstract. Due to the high toxicity and side effects of the use of traditional chemotherapy in cancer, scientists are working on the development of alternative therapeutic technologies. An example of this is the use of death-induced gene therapy. This therapy consists of the killing of tumor cells via transfection with plasmid DNA (pDNA) that contains a gene which produces a protein that results in the apoptosis of cancerous cells. The cell death is caused by the direct activation of apoptosis (apoptosis-induced gene therapy) or by the protein toxic effects (toxin-induced gene therapy). The introduction of pDNA into the tumor cells has been a challenge for the development of this therapy. The most recent implementation of gene vectors is the use of polymeric or inorganic nanoparticles, which have biological and physicochemical properties (shape, size, surface charge, water interaction and biodegradation rate) that allow them to carry the pDNA into the tumor cell. Furthermore, nanoparticles may be functionalized with specific molecules for the recognition of molecular markers on the surface of tumor cells. The binding between the nanoparticle and the tumor cell induces specific endocytosis, avoiding toxicity in healthy cells. Currently, there are no clinical protocols approved for the use of nanoparticles in death-induced gene therapy. There are still various challenges in the design of the perfect transfection vector, however nanoparticles have been demonstrated to be a suitable candidate. This review describes the role of nanoparticles used for pDNA transfection and key aspects for their use in death-induced gene therap

Uridine 5'‑diphospho‑glucronosyltrasferase: Its role in pharmacogenomics and human disease (Review)

Abstract. Biotransformation is an enzyme-catalyzed process in which the body converts endogenous compounds, xenobiotics and toxic substances into harmless or easily excreted metabolites. The biotransformation reactions are classified as phase I and II reactions. Uridine 5'-diphospho (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a superfamily of phase II enzymes which have roles in the conjugation of xenobiotics or endogenous compounds, including drugs and bilirubin, with glucuronic acid to make them easier to excrete. The method the human body uses to achieve glucuronidation may be affected by a large interindividual variation due to changes in the sequences of the genes encoding these enzymes. In the last five years, the study of the genetic variants of the UGTs at a molecular level has become important due to its association with several diseases and the ability to predict adverse events due to drug metabolism. In the present review, the structure and the prominent genetic variants of the UGT1A subfamily and their metabolic and clinical implications are described

Evaluation of skin expression profiles of patients with vitiligo treated with narrow-band UVB therapy by targeted RNA-seq

Abstract: Background: Vitiligo is characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin. To date, there are no studies that analyze the changes in gene expression in the skin of vitiligo patients in response to narrow-band ultraviolet B (nb-UVB) phototherapy treatment. oBjective: Explore the usefulness of new generation RNA sequencing in the identification of gene expression changes in the skin of vitiligo patients treated with nb-UVB phototherapy. Methods: Four skin biopsies (4mm in diameter) were collected from 45 Mexican vitiligo vulgaris patients, 2 specimens before and 2 after treatment with nb-UVB phototherapy, obtained from pigmented and non-pigmented tissue. RNA extracted from the biopsies was analyzed using the Illumina TruSeq Targeted RNA Expression protocol to study the expression of genes that participate in pathways of skin homeostasis. The 2 groups were compared using Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. results: The expression analysis identified differences in 12 genes included in this study after comparing the samples obtained before and after treatment: 5 genes involved in skin pigmentation, 2 genes involved in apoptosis, 2 genes involved in cell survival, 2 genes involved in oxidative stress responses and 1 gene involved in signal transduction mechanisms (p<0.05). study liMitations: The small size of skin biopsies limits the amount of RNA obtained, the number of genes to be analyzed and the use of conventional techniques such as RT-qPCR. conclusion: We demonstrated usefulness of new generation RNA sequencing in the identification of gene expression changes, in addition to identifying new targets in the study of vitiligo. Keywords: Gene expression; Phototherapy; Vitilig

CTLA4 +49AG (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants are not associated with alopecia areata in a Mexican population from Monterrey Mexico

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that produces non-scarring hair loss around the body. Gene variants of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene, a negative regulator of T-cell response, have been associated with a predisposition to autoimmune diseases in different populations; however, the involvement of these genetic variants in the development of AA is controversial. Objective: The present study evaluated the potential association of two CTLA4 gene variants with alopecia areata in a Mexican population. Methods: We genotyped +49AG (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) variants in 50 AA patients and 100 healthy control participants through PCR-RFLP. Results: No statistical difference was observed for either of the gene variants regarding allele or genotype frequencies between AA patients and the controls when the parameters of family/personal history of autoimmune diseases or gender were considered (p > 0.05).Study limitations: Small sample size of patients and the data were obtained from NortheastMexico population.Conclusion: The genetic variants rs231775 and rs3087243 of the CTLA4 gene are not a risk factorfor the development of alopecia areata in the analyzed Mexican populatio

Genetic variants in KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and HNF4A are associated with type 2 diabetes, BMI and dyslipidemia in families of Northeastern Mexico: A pilot study

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genetic markers considered risk factors for metabolic syndromes, including dyslipidemia, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can be applied to a Northeastern Mexican population. A total of 37 families were analyzed for 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and the age, body mass index (BMI), glucose tolerance values and blood lipid levels, including those of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides were evaluated. Three genetic markers previously associated with metabolic syndromes were identified in the sample population, including KCNJ11, TCF7L2 and HNF4A. The KCNJ11 SNP rs5210 was associated with T2DM, the TCF7L2 SNP rs11196175 was associated with BMI and cholesterol and LDL levels, the TCF7L2 SNP rs12255372 was associated with BMI and HDL, VLDL and triglyceride levels, and the HNF4A SNP rs1885088 was associated with LDL levels (P<0.05)

CAPN3, DCT, MLANA and TYRP1 are overexpressed in skin of vitiligo vulgaris Mexican patients

Abstract. Vitiligo is a disorder causing skin depigmentation, in which several factors have been proposed for its pathogenesis: Environmental, genetic and biological aspects of melanocytes, even those of the surrounding keratinocytes. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms has complicated the task of predicting the development and progression. The present study used microarray analysis to characterize the transcriptional profile of skin from Vitiligo Vulgaris (VV) patients and the identified transcripts were validated using targeted high-throughput RNA sequencing in a broader set of patients. For microarrays, mRNA was taken from 20 skin biopsies of 10 patients with VV (pigmented and depigmented skin biopsy of each), and 5 biopsies of healthy subjects matched for age and sex were used as a control. A signature was identified that contains the expression pattern of 722 genes between depigmented vitiligo skin vs. healthy control, 1,108 between the pigmented skin of vitiligo vs. healthy controls and 1,927 between pigmented skin, depigmented vitiligo and healthy controls (P<0.05; false discovery rate, <0.1). When comparing the pigmented and depigmented skin of patients with vitiligo, which reflects the real difference between both skin types, 5 differentially expressed genes were identified and further validated in 45 additional VV patients by RNA sequencing. This analysis showed significantly higher RNA levels of calpain-3, dopachrome tautomerase, melan-A and tyrosinase-related protein-1 genes. The data revealed that the pigmented skin of vitiligo is already affected at the level of gene expression and that the main differences between pigmented and non-pigmented skin are explained by the expression of genes associated with pigment metabolism

Análisis de genes modificadores de la respuesta inflamatoria pulmonar en fibrosis quística

Tesis (Doctorado en Biomedicina y Biotecnología Molecular), Instituto Politécnico Nacional, SEPI, ENCB, 2009, 1 archivo PDF, (151 páginas). tesis.ipn.m