Thermal Remote Sensing for Global Volcano Monitoring: Experiences From the MIROVA System

Volcanic activity is always accompanied by the transfer of heat from the Earth’s crust to the atmosphere. This heat can be measured from space and its measurement is a very useful tool for detecting volcanic activity on a global scale. MIROVA (Middle Infrared Observation of Volcanic Activity) is an automatic volcano hot spot detection system, based on the analysis of MODIS data (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The system is able to detect, locate and quantify thermal anomalies in near real-time, by providing, on a dedicated website (www.mirovaweb.it), infrared images and thermal flux time-series on over 200 volcanoes worldwide. Thanks to its simple interface and intuitive representation of the data, MIROVA is currently used by several volcano observatories for daily monitoring activities and reporting. In this paper, we present the architecture of the system and we provide a state of the art on satellite thermal data usage for operational volcano monitoring and research. In particular, we describe the contribution that the thermal data have provided in order to detect volcanic unrest, to forecast eruptions and to depict trends and patterns during eruptive crisis. The current limits and requirements to improve the quality of the data, their distribution and interpretation are also discussed, in the light of the experience gained in recent years within the volcanological community. The results presented clearly demonstrate how the open access of satellite thermal data and the sharing of derived products allow a better understanding of ongoing volcanic phenomena, and therefore constitute an essential requirement for the assessment of volcanic hazards

Embarazo Gemelar Biamniótico Bicoriónico con Restricción del Crecimiento Intrauterino Grado III G1. Reporte de un caso

Introducción: Los embarazos gemelares tienen mayor riesgo de complicaciones perinatales en relación a los embarazos únicos, cuando la división del ovulo en 2 embriones se produce antes del 3er día se produce un embarazo gemelar bicorial biamniótico presentando así cada uno su propio amnios, corión y placenta. Puede ser producto de técnicas de fertilización asistida, edad materna mayor, para su diagnóstico nos basaremos en los signos ecográficos: lamda, amnios fusionado, placentas separadas, al ser un embarazo de alto riesgo se debe valorar frecuentemente para evitar: amenaza de parto pretermino, complicaciones maternas como trastornos hipertensivos, diabetes gestacional, infecciones, anemia, etc., complicaciones fetales como restricción del crecimiento intrauterino. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 35 años tercera gesta con antecedente de 2 abortos con embarazo gemelar bicorial biamniótico de 29 s producto de reproducción asistida acude a nuestra casa de salud por presentar dolor abdominal tipo contracción uterina más flujometria doppler que revela ausencia del flujo diastólico en más del 50%, se evidencia restricción del crecimiento intrauterino grado III en gemelo 1, en nuestra institución se prescribe útero inhibidores con maduración pulmonar y por alto riesgo de óbito fetal se transfiere a facultativo de mayor complejidad en donde terminan el embarazo por cesárea de emergencia, en el post-operatorio se observa recién nacidas de sexo femenino vivas con Apgar 8/8 con dos placentas diferentes con antropometría fetal g1 peso 1040gr y g2 2005gr por retraso de crecimiento de g1 es ingresado a sala de neonatología para ganancia de masa corporal, en de donde presento evolución favorable por 2 meses y fue dada de alta y vigilada por consulta externa. Conclusión: El embarazo múltiple debe ser diagnosticado en el primer trimestre oportunamente con la ecografía trans-vaginal para poder prevenir e intervenir en posibles complicaciones que en el trascurso del embarazo puedan presentarse

Tabique vaginal transverso inferior. Reporte de un caso

Introducción. El tabique vaginal transverso es una anomalía rara, congénita del tracto genital, debido a una alteración en la fusión entre los conductos de Müller y el seno urogenital resultando una falta de canalización de los tejidos del bulbo sinovaginal. Su etiología es desconocida. El tabique impide que el material formado por moco de las glándulas cervicales y exudados vaginales fisiológicos salga al exterior, si la secreción es abundante puede formar hidrocolpos, en la pubertad temprana formara un hematocolpos. Su ubicación puede ser alta, media y baja y el septo puede ser completo e incompleto. Su diagnóstico será atreves de la exploración clínica ginecológica, ecografía pélvica y RMN, su tratamiento generalmente es quirúrgico. Presentación del caso. Paciente de 13 años sin antecedentes de importancia que refiere dolor abdominal localizado en hipogastrio más nauseas que lleva al vomito que se exacerba hace 24horas por lo que realizan ecografía pélvica y TAC reportando hematocolpos, hematómetra, y hidronefrosis izquierda por lo que es referida a facultativo, tras valoración se decide su ingreso. En el examen clínico ginecológico se detecta tabique vaginal transverso inferior por lo que es sometida a tratamiento quirúrgico en donde se realiza resección de tabique vaginal inferior + reconstrucción de pared lateral de vagina + evacuación de hematometra. Posterior evoluciona favorablemente por lo que se brinda el alta. Conclusión. Patología rara del tracto genital femenino con variedades en su presentación estructural, puede cursar sintomática o asintomática, su correcta valoración ginecológica con exámenes de imagenología nos ayudaran a su diagnóstico y posteriormente brindar un tratamiento

Percepción de la práctica de actividad física recreativa sistemática en los adultos mayores, en relación a las dimensiones fisico - funcional, social, psicológica - emocional y salud

Tesis (Profesor de Educación Física, Licenciado en Educación)Tesis impresa no contiene portada.La perspectiva de vida en países en vías de desarrollo como el nuestro, ha aumentado en aproximadamente 20 años, cifra que considera, sólo el tiempo transcurrido desde mediados del siglo pasado hasta el año 2006, la proyección para los años venideros, es sin duda mayor aún. Esta situación ha provocado que en sectores públicos y privados comiencen a desarrollar programas para el mantenimiento y mejoramiento de la calidad de vida en adultos mayores; dichos programas consideran, generalmente, la presencia de actividad física como elemento fundamental para lograr estos propósitos. El estudio ha considerado abordar el tema calidad de vida y actividad física en adultos mayores, desde su propia perspectiva, esto se hará a través de una entrevista que aborda el tema desde cuatro dimensiones; dimensión físico funcional, dimensión psicológica - emocional, dimensión social y dimensión salud. La muestra ha considerado adultos mayores de la comuna de Providencia y La Florida pertenecientes a centros integrales para el adulto mayor municipales y centros deportivos privados respectivamente. Finalmente, el propósito de esta investigación se centra en indagar cuál es la percepción que los adultos mayores, de la muestra, tienen respecto de la práctica de actividad física recreativa

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care