Current Insight into Culture-Dependent and Culture- Independent Methods in Discovering Ascomycetous Taxa

This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. NSFC 31950410558, NSFC 31760013), the State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medicial University (No. FAMP201906K); Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province (QKHRCPT [2017]5101) and High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Provinces ("Young Talents" Program and "High-End Foreign Experts" Program).Nalin N. Wijayawardene and Dong-Qin Dai gratefully acknowledge Paul M. Kirk, Sandhya Jayasekara, Shalini Rajakaruna, D. Siril A. Wijesundara, Steve L. Stephenson, R.P. Prabat K. Jayasinghe, Samantha C. Karunarathne, Faruk Selcuk, Makbule Erdogdu and Kevin D. Hyde for their suggestions and support.Culture techniques are vital in both traditional and modern fungal taxonomy. Establishing sexual-asexual links and synanamorphs, extracting DNA and secondary metabolites are mainly based on cultures. However, it is widely accepted that a large number of species are not sporulating in nature while others cannot be cultured. Recent ecological studies based on culture-independent methods revealed these unculturable taxa, i.e., dark taxa. Recent fungal diversity estimation studies suggested that environmental sequencing plays a vital role in discovering missing species. However, Sanger sequencing is still the main approach in determining DNA sequences in culturable species. In this paper, we summarize culture-based and culture-independent methods in the study of ascomycetous taxa. High-throughput sequencing of leaf endophytes, leaf litter fungi and fungi in aquatic environments is important to determine dark taxa. Nevertheless, currently, naming dark taxa is not recognized by the ICN, thus provisional naming of them is essential as suggested by several studies.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) NSFC 31950410558- NSFC 31760013State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medicial University FAMP201906KScience and Technology Department of Guizhou Province QKHRCPT [2017]5101High-Level Talent Recruitment Plan of Yunnan Province

Three-dimensional unsteady aerodynamic analysis of a rigid-framed delta kite applied to airborne wind energy

The validity of using a low-computational-cost model for the aerodynamic characterization of Airborne Wind Energy Systems was studied by benchmarking a three-dimensional Unsteady Panel Method (UnPaM) with experimental data from a flight test campaign of a two-line Rigid-Framed Delta kite. The latter, and a subsequent analysis of the experimental data, provided the evolution of the tether tensions, the full kinematic state of the kite (aerodynamic velocity and angular velocity vectors, among others), and its aerodynamic coefficients. The history of the kinematic state was used as input for UnPaM that provided a set of theoretical aerodynamic coefficients. Disparate conclusions were found when comparing the experimental and theoretical aerodynamic coefficients. For a wide range of angles of attack and sideslip angles, the agreement in the lift and lateral force coefficients was good and moderate, respectively, considering UnPaM is a potential flow tool. As expected, UnPaM predicts a much lower drag because it ignores viscous effects. The comparison of the aerodynamic torque coefficients is more delicate due to uncertainties on the experimental data. Besides fully non-stationary simulations, the lift coefficient was also studied with UnPaM by assuming quasi-steady and steady conditions. It was found that for a typical figure-of-eight trajectory there are no significant differences between unsteady and quasi-steady approaches allowing for fast simulations.This work was carried out under the framework of the GreenKite-2 project (PID2019-110146RB-I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Wundt and Music: genealogical arguments to rethink the psychology of music

En este artículo se plantea la posibilidad de explorar el pasado de la psicología para reivindicar problemas y cuestiones desterradas, olvidadas o poco atendidas en la agenda contemporánea de la psicología de la música; aspectos que pueden resultar importantes a la hora de redefinir el área a la vista de los retos planteados por el escenario post-moderno. En nuestra reconsideración genealógica de la psicología de la música hemos tomado como punto de partida los “Elementos de psicología de los pueblos” de W. Wundt, un trabajo donde el maestro de Leipzig ensayó un reconsideración de psi-cológica de la mente humana desde el punto de vista de los productos culturales y el devenir histórico-social de las actividades colectivas. Para Wundt, el arte se convierte, junto a al mito, la costumbre y la lengua, en uno de los dominios arquetípicos para explorar la “evolución espiritual del hombre”. En relación con ese marco genérico, Wundt prestará una atención muy especial a la cuestión de las artes temporales ofreciendo una peculiar visión etnopsicológica de las mismas.  Sin entrar en incompatibilidades con las aproximaciones psico-fisiológicas y experimentales de la tradición helmhotziana -las de Stumpf, Pratt, Seashore o el propio Wundt del canónico “Compendio de Psicología”-, la psicología de los pueblos abre un escenario alternativo que complejiza y enriquece la “cuestión musical” incorporando factores instrumentales, mediacionales, colectivos, empáticos, funcionales, etc. de difícil encaje en las persectivas generales e individualistas de las psicologías -mecanicistas o espiritualistas- decimonónicas. La posición etnopsicológica de Wundt, en cualquier caso, no es tan original como sin-tomática de una línea de trabajo importante en la etapa fundacional de la psicología disciplinar; una etapa donde la cuestión estética, en general, y musical, en particular, estaba plena y perfectamente incorporada en los grandes sistemas psicológicos de autores como Ribot, Baldwin, Sergi, Bergson o Taine, entre otros muchos. En el artículo tratamos de mapear mínimamente los temas y argumentos cruciales de esta línea de trabajo tomando como motivo conductor la apuesta etnopsicológica wuntiana. Final-mente, a partir de ese mapeo, ofrecemos a título programático los dos horizontes genealógicos de sentido respecto de los cuáles tales cuestiones deber ser sopesadas: por un lado, la interrupción final de tal sensibilidad psicoestética ante el programa de la estética experimental y la propia reorientación de los intereses teóricos y aplicados de la psicología como empresa.This article formulates the possibility of exploring the past of the Psychology to restore problems and issues that were banished, forgotten or neglected in the contemporary agenda of the Psychology of Music; these are aspects that may be important when redefining the field in view of the challenges resulting from the postmodern scenario. In our genealogical reconsideration of the Psychology of Music we have set “Elements of Folk Psychology” by W. Wundt as a starting point, a work where the master of Leipzig tried a reconsideration of the psychology of the human mind from the point of view of the cultural products and the socio-historical occurrence of collective activities. In Wundt’s opinion, art becomes -together with myth, habit and language- one of the archetypal domains for the exploration of “man’s spiritual evolution”. In relation to that general frame, Wundt will pay close attention to the subject of the temporal arts, offering a peculiar ethnic-psychological view of them. Without discussing incompatibilities with the Helmoltzian tradition’s psychophysiological and experimental approaches –those of Stumpf, Pratt, Seashore and even Wundt’s “Grundriß der Psychologie”- the folk psychology opens up an alternative scenario that complexes and enriches the “music issue” by incorporating instrumental, measurement, collective, empathic, functional, etc. factors that are hard-to-fit within the general and individualistic perspectives of the -either mechanicist or spiritualist- 19th Century’s psychologies. Wundt’s ethnic-psychological position, in any case, isn’t more original than symptomatic of a line of important work in the foundation stages of the disciplinary psychology, a stage where the esthetics, generally, and musical, particularly, issues were fully and perfectly incorporated to the great psychological systems of authors such as Ribot, Baldwin, Sergi, Bergson or Taine, to name a few. In this article, we try to map the crucial themes and arguments of this line of work, considering Wundt’s ethnic-psychological approach as a conducting motif. Finally, based on this mapping, we offer two genealogical horizons of meaning for these matters to be evaluated upon: on the one hand, the final interruption of such psycho-aesthetic sensitivity in view of the experimental aesthetics program and the self-reorientation of the theoretic and applied interests of psychology as a modern western enterprise; and on the other hand, the postmodern horizon in which the contemporary concern of some psychologies for the technological media, the artefactual and collective construction of the Self, the historic-cultural psychogenesis of the collective activity or the phenomenology of the everyday experience allow to reformulate the functions of the aesthetics within a line of thought that, at the least, evokes the historic path displayed. Finally, our genealogical position intends to reconnect with the idea that Music might be observed as a psychological phenomena in which aesthetic experience and cultural product merge, necessarily, at the heart of a same activity.Sociedad Argentina para las Ciencias Cognitivas de la Música (SACCoM

Draft genome sequence data of Microbacterium sp. strain Be9 isolated from uranium-mill tailings porewaters

Microbacterium are Gram-positive, nonspore-forming, rod- shaped bacteria inhabiting a wide range of environments in- cluding soil, water, dairy products, other living organisms, etc. Microbacterium sp. strain Be9, isolated from mill tail- ings porewaters in France, shows a remarkable behavior in presence of uranium under distinct conditions, which is the main reason for the interest in sequencing its genome. In this work, we describe the draft genome sequence of Be9, comprising 4,046,806 bp, with a G + C content of 68.10% and containing 3,947 protein-coding sequences. The prelim- inary genome annotation analysis identified some genes en- coding for resistance to antibiotics and toxic compounds like heavy metals. This draft genome has been deposited at DDBJ/ENA/GenBank under the accession PRJNA590666.Orano MiningDepartamento de Microbiología Universidad de Granad

Heurística de evaluación de la experiencia de usuario en sistemas e-learning

Los avances en las tecnologías de información, proponen un cambio en los paradigmas tradicionales de aprendizaje, permitiendo una constante evolución en la enseñanza desde lo presencial a lo virtual. El aprendizaje virtual o e-Learning (Electronic Learning), ha sido consolidado como una gran alternativa en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje. La Experiencia de Usuario (UX), resulta muy relevante a la hora de saber si el sistema cumple con lo esperado por el usuario. La misma busca guiar, controlar y mejorar las sensaciones durante el uso de estos sistemas. La presente línea de investigación, propone como enfoque principal la evaluación, desde la perspectiva de evaluadores expertos, la definición de métricas que permiten generar un modelo que sirva de instrumento de Evaluación de la UX en sistemas e-Learning, a partir de la identificación de algunos criterios que permiten cuantificar el grado de satisfacción de los usuarios.Eje: Ingeniería de Software.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Marco de referencia para la integración de accesibilidad en sistemas e-learning

En estos últimos años, la educación atraviesa una constante evolución, donde las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación se ven reflejadas en las actividades académicas a través de la inclusión de cursos en modalidad virtual en el proceso formativo como una gran alternativa en los procesos de enseñanzaaprendizaje. Sin embargo, no se toma en cuenta factores de accesibilidad que son fundamentales para que la mayor cantidad de personas puedan hacer uso de un sistema/producto/servicio. La Línea de investigación, plantea la importancia de incorporar condiciones de accesibilidad en los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje, donde se propone un marco metodológico de referencia para tomar en cuenta aspectos de accesibilidad en los diferentes procesos del ciclo de vida de un proyecto educativo virtual.Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informátic

Septoglomus nigrum, a new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from France, Germany and Switzerland

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Septoglomus nigrum, was found in several agricultural field sites in France, Germany and Switzerland, especially in extensively to intensively managed natural meadows and pastures and in extensively managed cropping systems. The fungus was propagated in trap pots and single species cultures on Lolium perenne, Trifolium pratense, Plantago lanceolata and Hieracium pilosella. It differentiates black spores with triple-layered walls, 95–175× 90–170 μm in diameter, formed singly in soils or rarely in roots. Phylogenetically, it forms a distinct clade close to S. altomontanum and S. africanum, which can morphologically be distinguished from spores of S. nigrum by the characteristics of the spore wall and by the color, size and shape of the subtending hyphae. An identification key is provided that differentiates all species so far described in Septoglomus

San Pedro Martir observations of microvariability in obscured quasars

Fast brightness variations are a unique tool to probe the innermost regions of active galactic nuclei (AGN). These variations are called microvariability or intra-night variability, and this phenomenon has been monitored in samples of blazars and unobscured AGNs. Detecting optical microvariations in targets hidden by the obscuring torus is a challenging task because the region responsible for the variations is hidden from our sight. However, there have been reports of fast variations in obscured Seyfert galaxies in X-rays, which rises the question whether microvariations can also be detected in obscured AGNs in the optical regime. Because the expected variations are very small and can easily be lost within the noise, the analysis requires a statistical approach. We report the use of a one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA, with which we searched for microvariability. ANOVA was successfully employed in previous studies of unobscured AGNs. As a result, we found microvariable events during three observing blocks: in two we observed the same object (Mrk 477), and in another, J0759+5050. The results on Mrk 477 confirm previous findings. However, since Mrk 477 is quite a peculiar target with hidden broad-line regions, we cannot rule out the possibility that we have serendipitously chosen a target prone to variations.Comment: Research note, 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

An evolutionary computational approach for the dynamic Stackelberg competition problems

Stackelberg competition models are an important family of economical decision problems from game theory, in which the main goal is to find optimal strategies between two competitors taking into account their hierarchy relationship. Although these models have been widely studied in the past, it is important to note that very few works deal with uncertainty scenarios, especially those that vary over time. In this regard, the present research studies this topic and proposes a computational method for solving efficiently dynamic Stackelberg competition models. The computational experiments suggest that the proposed approach is effective for problems of this nature

La Jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en materia laboral y social: del concepto de trabajador al ejercicio de derechos de acción colectiva

The Court of Justice of the European Union case law in labour and social affairs, very abundant after almost half a century, has had a great impact in the formation of the systems of labour relations in Europe. Its first steps were focused on the free movement of workers and the principle of equality and non-discrimination on grounds of sex, but over the years it has dealt with many other dimensions of employment and the labour market. The CJEU has decided on issues such as the transfer of undertakings and the most recent grounds of discrimination (age, disability, ideas or personal convictions). Its doctrine is also very relevant in relation to many other aspects of the employment relationship: working time, annual leave, temporary employment, part-time contracts, reconciliation of work and family life, collective dismissal, workers participation, the role of collective agreements in a context of economic freedoms or trade union action, including the right to strike. On the other hand, the concept of worker has been very present in all this case law. The Court has always sought to combine the powers of the Member States in order to identify the personal scope of Labour law with the search for common criteria contributing to the harmonization of national systems and the effectiveness of EU LawLa jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en materia laboral y social, muy abundante tras casi medio siglo de rodaje, ha tenido gran influencia en la conformación de los sistemas de relaciones de trabajo en el espacio europeo. Sus primeros pasos se dedicaron a la libre circulación de trabajadores y al principio de igualdad y no discriminación por razón de sexo, pero con el transcurso de los años ha llegado a ocuparse de otras muchas dimensiones del empleo y del mercado de trabajo, desde la transmisión de empresa hasta las más recientes líneas de frontera de la no discriminación (edad, discapacidad, ideas o convicciones personales), pasando por la ordenación del tiempo de trabajo, las vacaciones anuales, la contratación temporal, los contratos a tiempo parcial, la conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar, el despido colectivo, la participación de los trabajadores en la empresa, el papel de los convenios colectivos en un contexto de libertades económicas o el ejercicio de acciones de huelga o conflicto colectivo. El concepto de trabajador, por otra parte, ha estado muy presente en toda la labor jurisdiccional e interpretativa de dicho Tribunal, que ha tratado siempre de combinar la competencia que aún mantienen los Estados miembros para identificar el ámbito subjetivo del ordenamiento laboral con la búsqueda de criterios comunes que contribuyan a la armonización de los sistemas nacionales y a la efectividad de las normas comunitaria