Promotion of Healthy Physical Activity in School Recreation

Los autores desean mostrar su agradecimiento al profesorado de Educación Física de los centros participantes por su colaboración, a los equipos directivos de dichos centros por su apoyo y a las familias de los alumnos por autorizar la realización de la investigaciónEl objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar qué medidas se podrían tomar para aumentar los niveles generales de actividad física del alumnado de sexto de Educación Primaria durante los periodos de recreo escolar. Se implementó un programa específico desde el currículum de la asignatura de Educación Física y, después de haber finalizado la aplicación del citado programa, se comprobó los niveles de actividad física. También se realizó una observación pasados treinta días de su finalización, con el fin de comprobar en qué medida se modifican los hábitos de actividad física. El instrumento de recogida de datos fue el podómetro, que los participantes utilizaron durante los periodos de recreo escolar. El análisis de los resultados permite afirmar que la aplicación del programa específico objeto de estudio incide positivamente sobre el incremento del volumen de actividad física que realiza el alumnado en su tiempo libre y que, pasados treinta días desde su aplicación, el alumnado mantiene parte de incremento adquirido, modificando su hábito de actividad durante el recreo escolarThe objective of this work was to investigate what measures could be taken to increase the general levels of physical activity of students in sixth grade of Primary Education during the school breaks. A specific program was implemented from the curriculum of the subject of Physical Education and, after completing its application, physical activity levels were analyzed. In addition, an observation was conducted thirty days after its completion, in order to verify to what extent the habits of physical activity are modified. The instrument of data collection was the pedometer, which the participants used during the periods of school break. The analysis of the results allows affirming that the application of the specific program object of study affects positively on the increase of the volume of physical activity that the students do in their free time and that, after thirty days from its application, the students keep part of this increase acquired, which means a change in their activity habit during school break

Effect of Acipimox on Plasma Lipids and Glucose/Insulin in Pregnant Rats

To determine how a reduction in maternal hypertriglyceridemia during late pregnancy may affect glucose/insulin relationships, pregnant and virgin rats were orally treated with acipimox, a potent antilipolytic agent. In 20-day pregnant rats receiving 80 mg of acipimox, plasma triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA), and glycerol decreased more than in virgin rats shortly after the drug (up to 7 hours), when compared with animals treated with distilled water, whereas plasma glucose level was unaffected by the treatment in either group of rats. When acipimox was given every 12 hours from day 17 to day 20 of pregnancy, plasma TG, FFA, and glycerol levels progressively increased, whereas they either decreased or did not change in virgin rats receiving the same treatment, with no effect in plasma glucose levels in either group. Fetal body weight was lower than in controls in 20-day pregnant rats that received acipimox for 3 days. On day 20 of pregnancy, 3 hours after receiving acipimox or distilled water, rats received a 2 g glucose/kg oral load and it was found that the change in plasma glucose was similar in both groups, whereas the increase in plasma insulin was greater in pregnant rats treated with acipimox. However, no difference was found in either variable after the oral glucose load in virgin rats receiving acipimox or distilled water. No differences in plasma glucose levels were found after intravenous (IV) administration of insulin in pregnant rats treated or not treated with acipimox. In conclusion, present results show that administration of acipimox during the last days of gestation inhibited lipolysis and decreased fetal weight. Over a short period of time, in pregnant rats, reductions of plasma FFA and TG after acipimox treatment improved the glucose-induced insulin release, but did not seem to have any effect in peripheral insulin resistance

Forage Yield and Nutritive Value of 30 Cultivars of Maize for Silage in the Highland Valleys of Central Mexico

In Mexico, the selection of maize cultivars for forage has mainly been based on dry matter (DM) yields, not considering nutritional quality as an important evaluation parameter. The objective of this study was to assess forage yield and nutritive value of Highland and Subtropical maize cultivars for silage in the Highland Valleys of Central México

Feeding entrainment of locomotor activity rhythms, digestive enzymes and neuroendocrine factors in goldfish

©2007. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Journal of PHYSIOL BEHAV. To access the final edited and published work see http://doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.10.017L.M. VERA, N. DE PEDRO, E. GÓMEZ-MILÁN, M.J. DELGADO, M.J. SÁNCHEZ MUROS, J.A. MADRID, F.J. SÁNCHEZ-VÁZQUEZ. Feeding entrainment of locomotor activity, digestive enzymes and neuroendocrine factors in goldfish. PHYSIOL BEHAV 90 (2-3) 518-524, 2007. The existence of food anticipatory activity (FAA) in animals subjected to daily feeding schedules seems to be mediated by a feeding-entrainable oscillator (FEO). Such an FEO may help in anticipating meal time and so optimizing food acquisition and nutrient utilization. In this study we investigated the existence of FAA and whether digestive enzymes, plasma cortisol, hypothalamic NPY and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and plasma melatonin were entrained by periodic feeding in goldfish. We observed that periodically fed goldfish showed FAA in locomotor activity as well as in amylase and NPY. Alkaline protease and GIT melatonin were higher after feeding, whereas plasma cortisol levels were reduced. Plasma melatonin remained unmodified before and after meal time. These results suggested that scheduled feeding entrained both behavioral and certain physiological patterns in goldfish, FAA being of adaptive value to anticipate a meal and prepare the digestive physiology of fish

Actividad ovina y diversificación de los modos de vida rurales en la alta montaña mexicana

UnpublishedTomo I . Sección: Sistemas Ganaderos-Economía y Gestión. Sesión: Sostenibilidad. Ponencia nº 3

Tratamiento quirúrgico en las cifosis congénitas: Revisión de 14 pacientes

Los autores efectúan una revisión de 14 pacientes con cifosis congénita, intervenidos entre los años 1979-1989, con un seguimiento medio de 7 años. La edad media preoperatoria fue de 11 años (todos ellos mayores de 5 años), con una cifosis media de 7 9 . En 6 casos se realizó una artrodesis posterior y en 8 una anterior combinada con una fusión posterior. Inicialmente obtuvieron una corrección media de la curva de 18° con la artrodesis posterior y 20° con la artrodesis combinada. La pérdida postoperatoria final fue de 10° y 8° respectivamente. En un caso, se produjo una pseudoartrosis por fusión corta. Como complicaciones postoperatorias en 5 pacientes, una radiculopatía, una infección superficial y cuatro protusiones de material que requirieron su extracción. Los autores analizan los factores que han podido influir en los resultados obtenidos, comparándolos posteriormente con los conseguidos por otros centros hospitalarios importantes.Fourteen patients with congenital kyphosis treated surgically between 1979- 1989 were reviewed. All had a follow-up of 2 years or more, with an average follow-up of 7 years. The average age at surgery was 11 and the average kyphosis was 79°. Six cases had posterior fusion only and eigth had combined anterior and posterior fusion. The results showed an average correction of the curve at surgery of 18° with posterior arthrodesis and 20° with combined arthrodesis. There was thus an average loss of 10° and 8° respectively from the time of surgery in both types of treatment. Pseudoarthrosis by short fusion ocurred in one case. Other complications after surgery were 1 radiculopathy, one wound infection and four rod protusion (six patients). The factors that have influence in this results were analysed. A comparison from the results of treatment at other medical centers was also carried out

Productividad sectorial en el Perú: un análisis a nivel de firmas

En este documento se estima la función de producción a nivel de firmas de la economía peruana, lo que permite caracterizar la productividad de la firma a través de su productividad total de factores y su productividad laboral. Los datos corresponden a todas las empresas formales que reportaron datos entre 2002 y 2011. Esta información permite corregir los tradicionales problemas de endogeneidad de regresores y selección de la muestra, aspectos presentes en los estudios vigentes que estiman los parámetros de la función de producción en el Perú. Se encuentra que la participación del factor capital en el ingreso es alrededor de 0.64, un parámetro heterogéneo según los principales sectores económicos. La productividad es mayor en los sectores secundarios y terciarios, en empresas grandes y en Lima Metropolitana

Productividad en el Perú: medición, determinantes e implicancias

Se estudia la relación de la productividad con la apertura comercial en el Perú. Se encuentra que las firmas que participan del comercio internacional, ya sea como exportadoras y/o importadoras, tienen sistemáticamente una mayor productividad en comparación con las que destinan su producción solo al mercado interno. Los tratados de libre comercio, en promedio, generan una brecha de productividad positiva, y las empresas que exportan hacia los Estados Unidos de América tienen mayores brechas

Urinary Excretion of Mimosine Derivatives by Cows with and without Experience in Consumption of \u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e

Leucaena leucocephala is a leguminous tree widely distributed in the tropical regions of the world. In Mexico, it has been incorporated into silvopastoral systems and is highly regarded, owing to its high content of crude protein. Nonetheless, L. leucocephala contains secondary metab-olites, such as mimosine, a non-protein free amino acid, which may induce toxic effects in unadapted ruminants that consume the forage (Hammond 1995). Although Synergistes jonesii, an anaerobic bacterium, has the ability to degrade 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP to non-toxic compounds (Allison et al. 1992), in Mexico its presence has not yet been confirmed. Recent work has suggested the occurrence of sub-clinical toxicity to 3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP in cattle grazing L. leucocephala in Australia and Thailand (Graham 2007; Dalzell et al. 2012; Phaikaew et al. 2012). Several options such as the transfer of rumen liquor and the adaptation of ruminants to the intake of L. leucocephala have been studied in an attempt to reduce the excretion of mimosine and its metabolites (Palmer et al. 2010). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the experience of consumption of L. leucocephala on excretion of mimosine derivatives (3,4-DHP and 2,3-DHP) in the urine of cattle