Cycling in São Paulo, Brazil (1997-2012): Correlates, time trends and health consequences

The purpose of the study was to describe cyclists and cycling trips, and to explore correlates, time trends and health consequences of cycling in São Paulo, Brazil from 1997 to 2012. Cross-sectional analysis using repeated São Paulo Household Travel Surveys (HTS). At all time periods cycling was a minority travel mode in São Paulo (1174 people with cycling trips out of 214,719 people). Poisson regressions for individual correlates were estimated using the entire 2012 HTS sample. Men were six times more likely to cycle than women. We found rates of bicycle use rising over time among the richest quartile but total cycling rates dropped from 1997 to 2012 due to decreasing rates among the poor. Harms from air pollution would negate benefits from physical activity through cycling only at 1997 air pollution levels and at very high cycling levels (≥ 9 h of cycling per day). Exposure-based road injury risk decreased between 2007 and 2012, from 0.76 to 0.56 cyclist deaths per 1000 person-hours travelled. Policies to reduce spatial segregation, measures to tackle air pollution, improvements in dedicated cycling infrastructure, and integrating the bicycle with the public transport system in neighborhoods of all income levels could make cycling safer and prevent more individuals from abandoning the cycling mode in São Paulo.THS acknowledges funding from the Brazilian Science without Borders Scheme (Process number: 200358/2014-6) and the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (Process number: 2012/08565-4). ACD received a postdoctoral research fellowship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (249038/2013-7). MT and JW: The work was undertaken by the Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding from the British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, Medical Research Council, the National Institute for Health Research, and the Wellcome Trust (MR/K023187/1), under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration, is gratefully acknowledged

The postoperative venous thromboembolism (TREVO) study – risk and case mortality by surgical specialty

Introdução e objetivos: O tromboembolismo venoso, cujo risco está aumentado no doente cirúrgico, é uma causa evitável de morbimortalidade. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi estimar o risco de tromboembolismo venoso sintomático pós‐operatório global e por especialidade cirúrgica, num hospital terciário. Secundariamente, foram analisadas a gravidade e mortalidade dos eventos tromboembólicos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo para a identificação de casos de tromboembolismo venoso pós‐operatório intra‐hospitalar, codificados pela Classificação Internacional de Doenças – 9.ª revisão, pelos critérios da Joint Commission International. Foram incluídos episódios de internamento de doentes adultos, operados, no período 2008‐2012. Resultados: Em 67 635 episódios de internamento com cirurgia identificaram‐se 90 casos de tromboembolismo venoso pós‐operatório (mediana de idades: 59 anos), correspondendo a um risco de 1,33/1000 episódios (intervalo de confiança a 95% [IC95%], 1,1‐1,6/1000). A neurocirurgia apresentou maior risco (4,07/1000), seguida pela urologia e pela cirurgia geral p < 0,001. Houve 50 episódios de embolia pulmonar, dos quais 11 foram fatais. Dos 90 casos, 12,2% decorreram sob anestesia do neuro‐eixo e 55,1% em doentes em estado físico ASA III. Foi administrada dose profilática de anticoagulante injetável no pós‐operatório a, pelo menos, 37,7% dos doentes. O risco decresceu de 2008 até 2012. A mortalidade associada aos eventos de tromboembolismo venoso durante o internamento foi 21,1% (IC95%, 13,6‐30,4). Conclusões: O risco de tromboembolismo venoso sintomático pós‐operatório foi de 1,33/1000. A neurocirurgia apresentou maior risco. A mortalidade foi de 21,1%

Is a Combined Programme of Manual Therapy and Exercise More Effective than Usual Care in Patients with Non-Specific Chronic Neck Pain? A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a combined intervention of manual therapy and exercise (MET) versus usual care (UC), on disability, pain intensity and global perceived recovery, in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain (CNP). Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Outpatient care units. Subjects: Sixty-four non-specific CNP patients were randomly allocated to MET (n = 32) or UC (n = 32) groups. Interventions: Participants in the MET group received 12 sessions of mobilization and exercise, whereas the UC group received 15 sessions of usual care in physiotherapy. Main measures: The primary outcome was disability (Neck Disability Index). The secondary outcomes were pain intensity (Numeric Pain Rating Scale) and global perceived recovery (Patient Global Impression Change). Patients were assessed at baseline, three weeks, six weeks (end of treatment) and at a three-month follow-up. Results: Fifty-eight participants completed the study. No significant between-group difference was observed on disability and pain intensity at baseline. A significant between-group difference was observed on disability at three-week, six-week and three-month follow-up (median (P25-P75): 6 (3.25-9.81) vs. 15.5 (11.28-20.75); P < 0.001), favouring the MET group. Regarding pain intensity, a significant between-group difference was observed at six-week and three-month follow-up (median (P25-P75): 2 (1-2.51) vs. 5 (3.33-6); P < 0.001), with superiority of effect in MET group. Concerning the global perceived recovery, a significant between-group difference was observed only at the three-month follow-up (P = 0.001), favouring the MET group. Conclusion: This study's findings suggest that a combination of manual therapy and exercise is more effective than usual care on disability, pain intensity and global perceived recovery.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The evolution of diabetic chronic complications after pancreas transplantation

Pancreas transplantation is an invasive procedure that can restore and maintain normoglycemic level very successfully and for a prolonged period in DM1 patients. The procedure elevates the morbimortality rates in the first few months following the surgery if compared to kidney transplants with living donors, but it offers a better quality of life to patients

Recommendations for perioperative prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in the adult patient. National multidisciplinary consensus 2014

O propósito destas recomendações é fornecer uma ferramenta fundamentada na evidência científica atual, centrada no doente, que possa ser útil na prática clínica e que contribua para a implementação adequada, sistemática e transversal da profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso no doente adulto. Foram aprovadas, com o apoio da Sociedade Portuguesa de Anestesiologia, por Consenso Nacional Multidisciplinar entre as especialidades de: Anestesiologia, Cardiologia; Cirurgia Cardiotorácica; Cirurgia Geral - Cirurgia da Obesidade; Cirurgia Plástica, Reconstrutiva e Estética; Cirurgia Vascular; Ginecologia e Obstetrícia; Imuno-Hemoterapia; Neurocirurgia; Oncologia; Ortopedia e Urologia. O tromboembolismo venoso constitui um grave problema de saúde pública. No período peri-operatório o risco de tromboembolismo está relacionado com fatores individuais do doente, tipo de cirurgia e de anestesia e tempo de internamento. Trombose venosa prévia, doença oncológica, idade avançada, cirurgia major ortopédica, cirurgia bariátrica e imobilização no leito, constituem alguns dos principais fatores de risco de eventos tromboembólicos. O bloqueio do neuro-eixo está associado a redução destes eventos. O estudo ENDORSE que avaliou o cumprimento internacional das recomendações do 7º Consenso do American College of Chest Physicians sobre profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso, revelou que em Portugal a taxa de profilaxia adequada no doente cirúrgico em risco era inferior à de outros países europeus. Neste estudo, alguns dos doentes a quem foi prescrita tromboprofilaxia não preenchiam critérios de indicação, ficando expostos a riscos desnecessários. Os hiatos identificados na profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso relacionam-se com a falta de comunicação interdisciplinar efetiva, desconhecimento das recomendações e da farmacologia dos agentes e o receio de complicações hemorrágicas. A falta de modelos de avaliação de risco validados e fáceis de aplicar tem dificultado a uniformização de critérios. Estas recomendações consideram o modelo de avaliação de risco de Caprini. A avaliação do risco de tromboembolismo venoso está indicada em todos os doentes propostos para cirurgia, devendo ser registada no processo clínico. A tromboprofilaxia é uma responsabilidade multidisciplinar, deve basear-se na ponderação dos riscos de tromboembolismo venoso e de hemorragia e ter em conta os valores e preferências do doente. A tromboprofilaxia deve iniciar-se 6-12 horas após a cirurgia (com exceções)

Collagen Type IV-Related Nephropathies in Portugal: Pathogenic COL4A5 Mutations and Clinical Characterization of 22 Families

Alport syndrome (AS) is caused by pathogenic mutations in the genes encoding α3, α4 or α5 chains of collagen IV (COL4A3/COL4A4/COL4A5), resulting in hematuria, chronic renal failure (CRF), sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and ocular abnormalities. Mutations in the X-linked COL4A5 gene have been identified in 85% of the families (XLAS). In this study, 22 of 60 probands (37%) of unrelated Portuguese families, with clinical diagnosis of AS and no evidence of autosomal inheritance, had pathogenic COL4A5 mutations detected by Sanger sequencing and/or multiplex-ligation probe amplification, of which 12 (57%) are novel. Males had more severe and earlier renal and extrarenal complications, but microscopic hematuria was a constant finding irrespective of gender. Nonsense and splice site mutations, as well as small and large deletions, were associated with younger age of onset of SNHL in males, and with higher risk of CRF and SNHL in females. Pathogenic COL4A3 or COL4A4 mutations were subsequently identified in more than half of the families without a pathogenic mutation in COL4A5. The lower than expected prevalence of XLAS in Portuguese families warrants the use of next-generation sequencing for simultaneous COL4A3/COL4A4/COL4A5 analysis, as first-tier approach to the genetic diagnosis of collagen type IV-related nephropathies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio