103 research outputs found
Complete response to acupuncture therapy in female patients with refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Objectives: Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a considerable issue in urology and gynecology and unfortunately, the treatment options recommended are not fully efficient. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in patients with refractory IC/BPS.
Material and methods: 12 refractory IC/BPS female patients received ten sessions of acupuncture twice a week. The visual analog score (VAS), interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI), interstitial cystitis problem index (ICPI), O’Leary-Saint symptom score (OSS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), Pelvic pain and urgency & frequency patient symptom scale tests (PUF) and maximum voided volume (MVV) was completed in 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months following the treatment.
Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in all of the scores evaluated at first month compared with the baseline. While the change in VAS score in 1, 3, 6 and 12th months were found statistically significant, measurements of ICSI, OSS and PUF scores and MVV values in the 6th and 12th months and ICPI and PHQ scores in the 12th month were not found statistically significant compared to the pre-treatment period. Response to treatment for the first three months after acupuncture application was (100%), but this ratio was measured as 33.3% (4/12) in the sixth month and 16.6% in the 12th month (2/12).
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that acupuncture appears to be an effective, useful, non-invasive method in IC/BPS patients. It can be used as an appropriate treatment method not only in refractory but also in IC patients since it is rather advantageous compared to other treating agents
Turkish economy between 1923-1938: Economy policies that were applied
Osmanlı Devleti'nin son dönemlerinde tarım, sanayi, demiryolu gibi
altyapı unsurları, finans ve paranın kontrolü gibi ekonominin temellerini
oluşturan birçok kurum yabancıların kontrolüne geçmiştir. I.Dünya Savaşı ve
ardında imzalanan Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması'na göre Anadolu
topraklarının büyük bölümü işgal edilmiş ve Mustafa Kemal liderliğinde Ulusal
Kurtuluş Savaşımız başlamıştır. Ekonomik yokluklar içinde sürdürülen
mücadelede ülkenin zaten yetersiz olan tüm kaynakları kullanılmış, bunun
yanında ülkenin genç erkek nüfusu cephelerde şehit düşmüştür.
Milli Mücadele'nin başarıyla sonuçlandırıp, Cumhuriyetin ilanından
sonra, tam bağımsızlık ilkesi çerçevesinde ekonomik bağımsızlığın
sağlanması yolunda adımlar atılmaya başlanmıştır. Ekonominin her alanında
ülke çapında, dışa bağımlı olmadan yeniden yapılanma çalışmaları
sürdürülmüştür. Ayrıca 1929'da bütün dünyayı etkisi altına alan büyük
buhran, bir çok ülkenin ekonomik açıdan zorlu bir süreçten geçmesine
neden olmuştur. Genç Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ise Atatürk'ün öngördüğü ve
uygulattığı tedbirler ile bu ekonomik buhrandan yara almadan sıyrılmayı
başarmıştır. Ayrıca ülke her alanda yatırımlara ve hızlı bir kalkınmaya sahne
olmuştur.
Atatürk, her zaman planlı bir ekonomik kalkınmayı savunmuştur.
Henüz cumhuriyet ilan edilmemişken bir iktisat kongresi toplayarak,
kurulmakta olan devletin ekonomi politikalarına ilişkin kararlar alınması,
bunun en güzel örneğidir. Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra da tarımda,
sanayide, ulaşımda, bankacılıkta ve dış ticarette pek çok atılım yapılmıştır.
Gerektiğinde yurt dışından uzmanlar getirilerek fikirleri alınmış, bu sektörlerin
uygulayıcısı olacak kişilere eğitimler verilmiştir. Atatürk döneminde Türk
Lirası değerini korumuş, enflasyonsuz bir kalkınma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu
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dönemde Osmanlı'dan kalan borçlar da tamamen ödenmiştir. Tarımı,
sanayiyi, ticareti teşviş etmek için kanunlar çıkarılmış, bankalar kurulmuştur.
Kısacası ülkeyi kendine yeten, dışa bağımlı olmaktan koruyacak her türlü
tedbir alınmış, hızlı bir kalkınma süreci yaşanmıştır.
Bu araştırmada, Atatürk dönemi ekonomi politikaları, yukarıda genel
hatlarıyla bahsedilen çerçeve içerisinde incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu
araştırma ile Atatürk'ün ekonomi politikasının dayandığı temelleri,
Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarındaki ekonomik gelişmeleri ortaya koymak
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada yöntem olarak literatür taraması esas alınmıştır.
Araştırma, günümüz Türkiye ekonomisinin, Atatürk'ün sağlam temeller
üzerine inşa ettiği ekonomi politikaları sayesinde kendine yeten, dışa bağımlı
olmayan bir temele dayandığını tarihsel süreç içerisinde göstermesi
açısından önemlidir.In the last periods of the Ottoman Empire many institutions that provide
the basis for economy such as infrastructure components such as agriculture,
industry and railway, finance and the control of money were captured by the
foreigners. Most of the Anatolian land was occupied according to the Mondros
armistice agreement and National Independence War was started under the
leadership of Mustafa Kemal. The country's whole sources that were already
incompetent were used in the struggle that was carried on with economical
shortages. Besides the young male population of the country wore the crowns
at the fronts.
Steps to provide economical independence in the frame of the complete
independence principle started to be taken after the National Struggle had been
brought to a successful issue and the Republic had been declared. The studies
of reconstruction without being dependent on foreign were carried on
nationwide in the all fields of economy. Furthermore the Great Depression
that got at the whole world in 1929 led to many countries to pass a challenging
process in terms of economy. The Young Turkish Republic succeeded in
getting out of this economical depression without being wounded by the
precautions that Atatürk foresaw and made to apply. The country also
witnessed investments in every field and a fast development.
Atatürk always advocated a planned economical development. The best
example of this is that before the declaration of the republic he assembled an
economics congress and took decisions about the economical policies of the
government that was being established. Many advances were made in
agriculture, industry, transportation, banking line and foreign trade after the
declaration of republic. Experts from abroad were invited when necessary, their
ideas were asked and trainings were applied to the people that would be the
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operators of these sectors. In Atatürk's period, Turkish Lira maintained its value
and a development without inflation was actualized. The debts remained from
the Ottoman Empire were completely paid in this period. Laws were enacted to
stimulate agriculture, industry and trade. Banks were opened. Briefly, every
kind of precaution that would protect the country to be dependent on foreign
and provide the country to be self-sufficient was taken and a fast development
process was experienced.
Economical policies in Atatürk's period have been tried to study within
the frame mentioned broadly above in this research. In this research, to
express the basics that Atatürk's economy policy was based on and the
economical developments in the first years of the Republic were aimed.
Literature searching has been rested as the method in the research. The
research is important in terms of presenting in historical process that current
Turkish economy has a basis that is self-sufficient and is not dependent on
foreign because of economy polices that Atatürk founded on firm basics
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