Gendered Time, Seasonality and Nutrition: Insights from Two Indian Districts

Relatively few studies explore the links between women’s work in agriculture and nutritional outcomes. Using time use data from two Indian districts, this paper seeks to fill this gap. In principle, women’s agricultural work could have positive and negative implications for nutrition, through increased control over incomes resulting in improved diets to intensifying work burdens leading to tensions and trade-offs between their agricultural work and care responsibilities, as well as attention to their own health. The emerging evidence points to the nuanced ways in which social identity, seasonality and context mediate to shape women’s work in agriculture and consequently food intakes and feeding practices. Overall, women’s work in agriculture seems to have a negative effect on household nutrition through two pathways: lack of adequate time for care work in peak agricultural seasons and seasonal energy with consequent losses in body weight. Recognition of women’s contribution to both agricultural production and domestic reproduction, and supporting them adequately, is central to improving nutritional outcomes.Department for International Development (DFID)UKAI

Intravenous ondansetron induced hypersensitivity reaction: a case report

Ondansetron a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist has been widely used as a prophylactic antiemetic for chemotherapy induced and anaesthesia related nausea and vomiting. Anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reaction rarely occur in less than 1% of the patients and may lead to potentially life-threatening events. This study is one such rare case report of hypersensitivity reaction to intravenous ondansetron in a perioperative setting. Familiarity about anaphylactoid reactions to intravenous ondansetron among the health practitioners would help them to bring about a rational approach to decrease its incidence

Fixed drug eruption associated with fixed combination of fluoroquinolone-nitroimidazole

Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are cutaneous adverse drug reaction characterized by well demarcated erythematous plaques which on removal of the offending agent resolves with residual hyperpigmentation patches at the site. FDE to nitroimidazoles and fluoroquinolones have nevertheless been infrequently reported. Awareness about the adverse reaction to the fluoroquinolone-nitroimidazole combination drug and also the likelihood of recurrence with same or similar drugs and the possible cross reaction is eminent. Hereby we report one such case of FDE to ciprofloxacin/tinidazole combination

Controlled Martingale Problems And Their Markov Mimics

In this article we prove under suitable assumptions that the marginals of any solution to a relaxed controlled martingale problem on a Polish space $E$ can be mimicked by a Markovian solution of a Markov-relaxed controlled martingale problem. We also show how such `Markov mimics' can be obtained by relative entropy minimisation. We provide many examples where the above results can be applied

Intern’s knowledge of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics at Puducherry: a cross-sectional study

Background: Internship is the intermediate period between under-graduation and general practice. The dexterity of health professional relies upon prescribing practices. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) is a crucial discipline for interns to acquire safe and rational prescription of drugs. Cultivating sound knowledge about CPT during under graduation is, henceforth, mandatory.Aims and objectives:To assess whether the undergraduate CPT teaching and internship training had prepared interns adequately for safe and rational prescription.To assess the awareness and reporting of adverse drug reaction (ADR).Methods: 110 interns were enrolled after obtaining informed written consent. A structured questionnaire was given to them including basic demographic information, undergraduate CPT teaching, experience of ADR and any deficiency in the under-graduate CPT teaching.Results: Response rate was 91 % in which 53 were males and 47 females. 81 considered themselves aware of CPT. 56% & 57% interns were able to prescribe drug safely and rationally respectively. Without supervision, they were confident to prescribe antacids (93%), vitamins and minerals (90%), NSAIDS (85%), antihistamines (82%), antibiotics (75%), antiemetics (62%) and antiasthmatics (52%). Only 22% had reported ADR and opined that it could lead to hospitalization (51%), prolonged hospital stay (33%), morbidity (16%) and death (21%). According to interns, the topics where more emphasis needed were ADR, dosage calculation, pediatric and emergency medicine and therapeutic drug monitoring during undergraduate CPT teaching.Conclusion: CPT teaching should be improved at undergraduate level for safe and rational prescribing including ADR monitoring, ADR reporting and dosage calculation

A new synthetic approach to 8-aza analogs of prostaglandins

A new synthetic approach to (dl)-8-aza-13,14-dihydroprostanoic acid and its corresponding ll-hydroxy derivative is described

Effect of germination on the functional and moisture sorption properties of high pressure processed foxtail millet grain flour

Foxtail millet is one of the commonly cultivated, nutritionally competitive source of protein, fibre, phytochemicals and other micronutrients, as compared to major cereals like wheat and rice. Considering the potential of these grains, the high pressure processed flours of germinated (GFMF) and non-germinated foxtail millet (NGFMF) grains were studied for its functional, moisture sorption and thermodynamic properties. Germination and high pressure processing of foxtail millet grains significantly improved the functional properties of the flour. Apart from this, the moisture sorption isotherms of both the flours were determined at 10, 25 and 40 oC and the sorption data was fitted to Guggenheim-Anderson-De Boer (GAB) sorption model. The monolayer moisture content for NGFMF and GFMF ranged between 3.235 - 2.364 g g-1 and 2.987 – 2.063 g g-1, respectively. The isosteric heat of sorption ranged between -76.35 kJ mol-1 to -38.23 kJ mol-1 for NGFMF and 172.55 kJ mol-1 to -34.02 kJ mol-1 for GFMF at a moisture range of 0 to 36%, whereas, the integral entropy of sorption for NGFMF ranged between -0.404 to -0.120 kJ mol-1 K-1 and for GFMF between -0.667 to -0.383 kJ mol-1 K-1. Along with the validation of the compensation theory, the values of spreading pressures lied in the range of 0 – 0.078 J m-2 for NGFMF and 0 – 0.124 J m-2 for GFMF, while, the glass transition temperatures ranged between 82.25 to 28.67 oC for NGFMF and from 51.11 to 11.83 oC for GFMF at all three temperatures

Gendered time, seasonality and nutrition:Insights from two Indian districts

Some of the key pathways linking agriculture and nutrition run through women’s work, yet the evidence on these links are weak. Using time-use data from two Indian districts, this paper seeks to fill this gap. In principle, women’s agricultural work could have positive and negative implications for nutrition, through increased control over incomes or intensifying work burdens. The emerging evidence points to the nuanced ways in which social identity, seasonality, and context mediate women’s work in agriculture and consequently food intakes and feeding practices. Overall, women’s work in agriculture seems to have a negative effect on household nutrition through two pathways: lack of adequate time for care work in peak agricultural seasons, and seasonal energy deficits that adversely affect their own health. Recognition of women’s physical contributions to both agricultural production and domestic reproduction, and supporting them adequately, is central to improving nutritional outcomes

NanoprismMosaic

The picture here represents a false-colored scanning electron microscope image of gold nanoprisms, each only a few nanometers thick, but sub-micron sized in lateral dimensions. The nanoprisms, each colored differently, look like chards of painted glass in a mosaic. Ideally, a successful synthesis would yield nanoprisms that are identical in shape and size, but a “bad” day in lab can occasionally result in something truly beautiful.Ope