The Doctrine of oral Vocalism in the Worship of Lord Muruga found in Sangam Literature

When we think of how the literature of Classic Tamil came into our hands across the river of time, we are amazed. Before the appearance of the script, Early Tamils would have verbally passed on to others what they had thought. One must have passed through the flood of time spreading from one person to another, from one to another, to another. All the thoughts, songs, and conversations of the people should have been expressed verbally until the palm leaf became available as stationery. This principle applies to all the language literature that originated in the world. We can see that when oral messages are transmitted from person to person, the repetition of the word or phrase, the elements of the repetition of stories and phrases that reflect the local culture and life, and the harmony and enrichment of the local culture and life, are constantly being studied. It would not be an exaggeration to say that those who saved it from spilling until it found a place in the palm leaves, the sharp memory of the people who converse, and the expression of the core, the peel, and the first objects of the circulating land. Thus, the folk elements found in the Sangam literature songs sung in the praise of Lord Muruga are matched with the folk tradition. The social context of folk songs, the characters of the storytellers, the time with the participation of the listening audience, the structure of the story events that take place in relation to the location, the identities of the storytellers, the relationships in which the narrator and the audience who listen to the story co-participate, the context in which the mythological elements can be told, the opportunity to perform, etc., are included in the Sangam literature as folk elements

A Study of Scientific Factors in Lord Murugan Worship

Worshipping God is the treasury of human society. This article is on the basis of folk events found in Palani Murugan worship. In Murugan worship, people's culture, customs and lifestyles become the object of study. This article brings forth the rituals that takes place during Lord Murugan festivals, such as dance, songs, music, taking Kaavadi, paying penance to lord, unit piercing and so on. All this customs and rituals of the people are explored here in a psychological manner. This article documents the scientific factors involved in unit piercing and the benefits of unit piercing

Growth of the Indian white prawn Penaeus indicus in relation to stocking density

One month old seed of Penaeus indicus were stocked in 4 identical ponds at stocking densities of SJm*, 10/m", 25/m» and 50/ms and after 110 days they had attained a size of 128 mm 108 mm, 88 mm and 64 mm respectively. There was a clear inverse relationship between stocking density and growth Growth was comparatively very fast during the first month and a half and then slowed down considerably in all the ponds. The implications of the observed growth patterns are discussed

In-vitro screening of amylase producing halophilic bacteria isolated from seawater

In this study, eight halobacterial strains were isolated from seawater. Among the eight isolates, four strains grew well in nutrient medium with 40 g/100 mL of sodium chloride concentration. Amongst all, HA01 was found to show highest amylase activity than others. Highest amylase producing bacteria, i.e. HA01 was subjected for 16S rRNA sequence based identification and it was found to be Aquabacterium sp. strain AS02. The organism showed optimal amylase production at pH 7 and temperature of 42 °C and NaCl concentration of 3 M. The two substrates (banana peel and potato peel) were used for the amylase production among which banana peel showed that highest amylase activity of 6.12 U/mL than potato peel (4.27 U/mL)

ADAM17 substrate release in proximal tubule drives kidney fibrosis

Kidney fibrosis following kidney injury is an unresolved health problem and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In a study into its molecular mechanism, we identified essential causative features. Acute or chronic kidney injury causes sustained elevation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17); of its cleavage-activated proligand substrates, in particular of pro-TNFα and the EGFR ligand amphiregulin (pro-AREG); and of the substrates\u27 receptors. As a consequence, EGFR is persistently activated and triggers the synthesis and release of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, resulting in macrophage/neutrophil ingress and fibrosis. ADAM17 hypomorphic mice, specific ADAM17 inhibitor-treated WT mice, or mice with inducible KO of ADAM17 in proximal tubule (Slc34a1-Cre) were significantly protected against these effects. In vitro, in proximal tubule cells, we show that AREG has unique profibrotic actions that are potentiated by TNFα-induced AREG cleavage. In vivo, in acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD, fibrosis) patients, soluble AREG is indeed highly upregulated in human urine, and both ADAM17 and AREG expression show strong positive correlation with fibrosis markers in related kidney biopsies. Our results indicate that targeting of the ADAM17 pathway represents a therapeutic target for human kidney fibrosis

उत्तरी तमीलनाडु के तटीय क्षेत्रों में उपलब्ध महाचिंगट संपदा और उनकी जल कृषि की संभावनाऍं

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Effect of Fines on Strength of Granular Soil Reinforced with Geosynthetics

Geosynthetics (GSN) are polymeric products used in Geotechnical Engineering for the purpose of improving the properties of the insitu soil. In this project, experimental work was carried out to determine the influence of presence of fines within granular soil on the CBR strength of soil reinforced with different GSN (Woven geotextile, Non-woven geotextile, Geogrid and Geonet). Two types of granular soil in disturbed state containing varying percentage of fines were selected from in and around the Chennai region. Soil type 1 contains high fines of about 40% (SHF) whereas soil type 2 contains less fines of about 7% (SLF). Unsoaked CBR (U-CBR) test was carried on unreinforced soil and on soil reinforced with different GSN placed at varying depths of D/5, 2D/5, 3D/5 and 4D/5 from top of soil (D is the total depth of soil), to determine the ideal depth of placement of GSN within SHF and SLF. Soaked CBR (S-CBR) test was carried on unreinforced soil and on soil reinforced with different GSN placed at an ideal depth determined from U-CBR test. Based on the experimental results, ideal depth of placement of GSN for SHF and SLF was found to be D/5 and 3D/5 respectively from top of the soil and Geogrid was found to be the best geosynthetic for reinforcing the granular soil containing high fines and less fines

Investigation on Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete with Automobile Grinding Steel Waste as Fine Aggregate

High strength concrete is seldom used in normal construction practice due to its high cost and difficulties in achieving the desired design strength. This paper gives an insight on using waste material which has been disposed in lands as a sustainable construction material to replace sand and to achieve desired strength. The compressive strength of Reactive powder concrete (RPC) produced in this work was 88 MPa and the flexural strength was 20 MPa. Also the influence of different curing methods on the properties of RPC has been investigated. Durability studies also show that the material satisfies the durable parameters to be used as a construction material

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Not AvailableOne month old seed of Penaeus indicus were stocked in 4 identical ponds at stocking densities of SJm*, 10/m", 25/m» and 50/ms and after 110 days they had attained a size of 128 mm 108 mm, 88 mm and 64 mm respectively. There was a clear inverse relationship between stocking density and growth Growth was comparatively very fast during the first month and a half and then slowed down considerably in all the ponds. The implications of the observed growth patterns are discussed.Not Availabl