Fabrication and Characterization of High Surface Area Gold Electrodes

High surface area gold electrodes are very good substrates for biosensors, catalysis and drug delivery. Their performance is characterized by good sensitivity, low detection limit and high signal. As a result, extensive research is being carried out in this field using different approaches of fabrication to generate high surface area porous electrodes of different morphology, pore size and structure. The morphology of the electrodes can be changed based on whether the approach involves a template or not, types of metal deposition, method and time of dealloying etc. The deposition of metal can be carried out using various approaches such as electroless deposition, electrochemical deposition, combination of electroless and electrochemical deposition, pulsed laser deposition, laser deposition etc. These electrodes can then be used in electrochemical measurements and their performance compared with an unmodified flat gold electrode. We used a template based approach, combined with electrochemical deposition, to fabricate macroporous, macro-nanoporous and nanoporous gold electrodes. To generate nanopores, in case of macro-nanoporous and nanoporous gold electrodes, we used gold-silver alloy electrochemical deposition method, followed by chemical dealloying. The morphology of electrodes was later observed under HITACHI Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and their elemental composition studied using HITACHI Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (EDS). The electrodes were used in electrochemical measurements and their voltammetric data was compared. These measurements involved the determination of surface area, faradaic current using redox molecules with fast and slow electron transfer and charging current in KCl. Surface adsorption of dopamine was studied and detection of dopamine in the presence of ascorbic acid was carried out

Quick Test for Quality Deterioration in Processed Foods

A quick test for quality deterioration of milk powder, refined oil and atta, based on the indicator test solution was studied. The indicator test solution comprising NaOH and bromotIlytnol blue indicator remains stable for 6 mont1ls itl glass bottles. Depending on the acidity of the Sample, the colour changed from blue to light blue to green to yellow. The concentration of the indicator test solution is optimised for each product, viz., 4 ml for milk powder and refined oil and 2 ml for atta, to which 1 ml aqueous sample or oil is added which gives the colour change. The appearance of green colour is considered tIle cutoff point for inferior quality alld is based on the limits specified by the Bureau of Indian Standards for these products. The test has proved its efficacy in quality checking during storage of milk powder and deep fat frying of products in refined oils

Pregnancy in rudimentary horn

Pregnancy in rudimentary horn is rare occurrence with incidence of less than 1 in 150,000. Pregnant rudimentary horn can present with wide range of symptoms that may be similar to ectopic pregnancy or may remain silent with features of normal pregnancy. Management is typically resection of the rudimentary horn and the ipsilateral fallopian tube by either laparotomy or laparoscopy

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF THREE PHASE FIVE LEVEL AND SEVEN LEVEL INVERTER FED INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE WITH TWO CASCADED H-BRIDGE CONFIGURATION

This paper deals with study of Three phase Five Level and Seven Level inverter fed induction motor drive . Both five level and seven level are realized by cascading two H- bridges. The poor quality of voltage and current of a conventional inverter fed induction machine is due to the presence of harmonics and hence there is significant level of energy losses. The Multilevel inverter is used to reduce the harmonics. The inverters with a large number of steps can generate high quality voltage waveforms. The higher levels can follow a voltage reference with accuracy and with the advantage that the generated voltage can be modulated in amplitude instead of pulse-width modulation. An active harmonic elimination method is applied to eliminate any number of specific higher order harmonics of multilevel converters with unequal dc voltages. The simulation of three phase five and seven level inverter fed induction motor model is done using Matlab/Simulink. The FFT spectrums for the outputs are analyzed to study the reduction in the harmonics

Complications of female sterilization procedure: review over a decade at district tertiary care hospital

Background: Female sterilization is the most requested permanent contraceptive method worldwide and one of the most frequently performed elective, intra-abdominal surgical procedure in reproductive-age women. Even though considered as simple and safe procedure, complications do occur including death.Methods: The primary objective of the following study is to determine the demographic patterns of women presenting as sterilization complications and secondary is to evaluate possible etiological factors leading to complications and lay standard guidelines to reduce complication rate.Results: Over a decade, 103 cases of female sterilization related complications were documented, out of 14 cases (13.6%) were of laparoscopic tubal ligation and rest 89 were minilaparotomy (86.4%). In 3 cases tubal ligation was not performed as surgeon was not able to either open peritoneal cavity or find fallopian tubes due to adhesions (2.91%). In 70 cases (67.96%) sterilization were performed in primary health centre (PHC). Four patients (3.88%) required hospital stay of more than a month with longest stay being 43 days. Exploratory laparotomy with surgical intervention was done in 34 cases (33%). Two patients (1.94%) died due to tubectomy complications due to septicemia and encephalitis.Conclusions: Female sterilization is very popular and commonly performed permanent method of sterilization but complications can happen and many of them are preventable with proper screening and selection of cases with proper evaluation before surgery. There is a need to have proper training in sterilization and to stick to standards of sterilization procedure to minimize chances of complications

Growth of bush pepper (Piper nigrum L.) plants as influenced by light and nutrients

Experiments conducted at Sadanandapuram (Kerala, India) to study the influence of nutrients under different light intensities on growth of bush pepper (Piper nigrum) plants indicated that better expression of growth characters was observed at 50% light intensity in plants given 37.5 g each of nitrogen and phosphorus and 50.0 g of potassium per year. &nbsp

Growth of bush pepper (Piper nigrum L.) plants as influenced by light and nutrients

Experiments conducted at Sadanandapuram (Kerala, India) to study the influence of nutrients under different light intensities on growth of bush pepper (Piper nigrum) plants indicated that better expression of growth characters was observed at 50% light intensity in plants given 37.5 g each of nitrogen and phosphorus and 50.0 g of potassium per year. &nbsp

Yoga Posture Classification using Computer Vision

There has been over the past few years, a very increased popularity for yoga. A lot of literatures have been published that claim yoga to be beneficial in improving the overall lifestyle and health especially in rehabilitation, mental health and more. Considering the fast-paced lives that individuals live, people usually prefer to exercise or work-out from the comfort of their homes and with that a need for an instructor arises. Hence why, we have developed a self-assisted system which can be used to detect and classify yoga asanas, which is discussed in-depth in this paper. Especially now when the pandemic has taken over the world, it is not feasible to attend physical classes or have an instructor over. Using the technology of Computer Vision, a computer-assisted system such as the one discussed, comes in very handy. The technologies such as ml5.js, PoseNet and Neural Networks are made use for the human pose estimation and classification. The proposed system uses the above-mentioned technologies to take in a real-time video input and analyze the pose of an individual, and classifies the poses into yoga asanas. It also displays the name of the yoga asana that is detected along with the confidence score

Doppler predictors of perinatal outcome in intra-uterine growth retarded foetuses

Background: The study aims at early detection of intrauterine growth retarded fetuses which are at high risk of perinatal complications. It can help obstetricians take appropriate preventive steps and prevent serious perinatal complications.Methods: The study undertaken over 100 pregnant women with pregnancy induced hypertension between 28-36 weeks subjected to umbilical artery and uterine artery doppler. The outcome data including gestational age at birth, birth height, APGAR score, admission to NICU, need for positive pressure ventilation and neonatal mortality.Results: The study shows that 58% mothers with IUGR foetuses were primigravida; gestational age at delivery is 34.2 weeks and 82% of IUGR foetuses were delivered by C-section. Average birth weight of foetus with abnormal doppler was significantly lower and there was high incidence of NICU admission. The study also shows that oligohydroamnios was common with abnormal doppler group.Conclusions: Umbilical artery doppler velocity in addition to uterine artery velocity doppler should be considered as a primary tool for foetal surveillance in pregnancy induced hypertension patients and for planning management of IUGR foetuses

1,3-Bis(hydroxy­meth­yl)benzimidazolin-2-one

The title compound, C9H10N2O3, crystallizes with one and a half mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit, one lying on a general position and the other on a twofold rotation axis. The dihedral angle between the two independent benzimidazole ring systems is 18.96 (5)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding involving N-hydroxy­methyl and carbonyl groups, and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds