保育所幼児の栄養摂取状況と腸内細菌叢との関連

【目的】我が国では、幼児期の栄養素等摂取量を定量的に示した研究が少なく、日本人の食事摂取基準(2015年版)では小児の十分な資料が存在しない場合は、成人の値から外挿して栄養素等の基準値が求められている。本研究では、保育所幼児の栄養素等の摂取状況を明らかにし、食生活、生活習慣と関わりのある腸内細菌叢を評価指標として検討した。【方法】調査期間は平成26年12月から平成27年3月である。調査対象者は福岡県上毛町の同意が得られた保育所幼児83名である。調査内容は1)食事の実態調査は秤量記録法で食品名を食事記録ノートに記入および同日の食前食後の料理写真撮影、2)排便調査、3)採便後の腸内細菌叢の分析である。分析は(株)テクノスルガ・ラボに依頼し、Nagashima法によりT-RFLPで解析した。解析はすべて統計解析ソフトSPSS Statistics ver.22を用いた。この研究は中村学園大学の倫理委員会から承諾を得ている。【結果】1日あたりの栄養摂取状況で、男女ともに推定エネルギー必要量、たんぱく質の推奨量、脂質と食塩相当量の目標量は基準値よりも高い数値を示した。食物繊維、炭水化物の目標量、カルシウムと鉄、ビタミンAの推奨量は基準値に対して低い数値を示した。栄養素と腸内細菌叢の関連をみるとカルシウムのBifidobacteriumの割合は低摂取群に比べ高摂取群が有意に高い数値を示した。特に、食物繊維の摂取量では基準値に対して不足している人が38.3%を占め、食物繊維摂取量と腸内細菌叢の関連をみると基準値である中摂取群が低摂取群に比べ、推定される群菌のLactobacillales目の割合が高い数値であった。【考察】幼児の健康増進や生活習慣病予防には腸内環境改善が重要であり、栄養的にバランスのよい食事の摂取が不可欠であると考えられる

Solvent effects on the photochemistry of dimethyl sulfoxide-Cl complexes studied by combined pulse radiolysis and laser flash photolysis

Photolysis of complexes of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with chlorine atoms results in rapid and permanent photobleaching which may be due to intramolecular hydrogen abstraction. The effects of solvent polarity were examined in a wide variety of DMSO–carbon tetrachloride mixed solvents. The quantum yields of photobleaching decreased from 0.27 to 0.08 as the solvent polarity increased, while significant changes were observed in the low DMSO concentration range (<0.2 mol dm−3). This cannot be accounted for by simple solvent polarity effects. The effects of polar and nonpolar additives were also examined and it is concluded that the specific solvation effect of DMSO was the main cause of the significant change in quantum yields in the low concentration range of DMSO

Pulse radiolysis studies of the reactions of bromine atoms and dimethyl sulfoxide-bromine atom complexes with alcohols

Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)–Br complexes were generated by pulse radiolysis of DMSO/bromomethane mixtures and the formation mechanism and spectral characteristics of the formed complexes were investigated in detail. The rate constant for the reaction of bromine atoms with DMSO and the extinction coefficient of the complex were obtained to be 4.6×109 M−1 s−1 and 6300 M−1 cm−1 at the absorption maximum of 430 nm. Rate constants for the reaction of bromine atoms with a series of alcohols were determined in CBrCl3 solutions applying a competitive kinetic method using the DMSO–Br complex as the reference system. The obtained rate constants were 108 M−1 s−1, one or two orders larger than those reported for highly polar solvents. Rate constants of DMSO–Br complexes with alcohols were determined to be 107 M−1 s−1. A comparison of the reactivities of Br atoms and DMSO–Br complexes with those of chlorine atoms and chlorine atom complexes which are ascribed to hydrogen abstracting reactants strongly indicates that hydrogen abstraction from alcohols is not the rate determining step in the case of Br atoms and DMSO–Br complexes

Photochemistry of CS2/Cl complexes-combined pulse radiolysis-laser flash photolysis studies

Complexes of chlorine atoms and carbon disulfide (CS2) were produced by pulse radiolysis of CS2 in halocarbons and photochemical reactions were studied by laser flash photolysis. Excitation of CS2/Cl complexes resulted in rapid and permanent photobleaching. The photobleaching of CS2/Cl complexes is due to intermolecular chlorine atom abstraction in CCl4 with a quantum yield of 0.04, while that ascribed to hydrogen atom abstraction in 1,2-dichloroethane has a quantum yield of 0.21. The effects of additives are discussed based on the bond dissociation energy

Reaction of CS2/Cl complexes with alcohols studied by pulse radiolysis

The reactivity and selectivity of carbon disulfide-chlorine atom complex (CS2/Cl) for hydrogen atom abstraction from various alcohols were studied by pulse radiolysis technique in carbon tetrachloride at room temperature. The measured absolute rate constants were in the range from 4.0×106 for methanol to 3.5×107 dm3 mol−1 s−1 for cyclopentanol. The hydrogen abstraction selectivity was calculated based on the analysis of partial reactivities. The tertiary/primary selectivities were determined to be 8.2 for α-position and 6.8 for β-position of alcohols

ロキソニンゲルの体内動態および活性代謝物生成に関する研究

東京理科大学201

Meteorological parameters contributing to variability in 222Rn activity concentrations in soil gas at a site in Sapporo, Japan

Continuous 222Rn monitoring in soil gas since November 22, 2004 has revealed variability in activity concentration with time in the semi-natural woods on the campus of Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan. Among various factors affecting soil radon levels and variability, temperature was found to be dominant during three seasons when activity concentrations of 222Rn showed a diurnal high and nocturnal low with a boundary around 10 o'clock in the morning. This pattern was disturbed by low pressure fronts with occasional rain. The activity gradually decreased as soil temperatures decreased from late November to mid-December. After the ground surface was completely covered with snow, soil radon levels became low with a small fluctuation. There were several peaks of 222Rn on the time-series chart in winter. Those peaks appearing in early winter and early spring may be interpreted by considering meteorological parameters. In a few cases, the radon activity suddenly increased with increasing pressure in the soil at a depth of 10 cm, which may be associated with subsurface events such as seismic activity in the area