Cut-free sequent calculi for the provability logic D

We say that a Kripke model is a GL-model if the accessibility relation $\prec$ is transitive and converse well-founded. We say that a Kripke model is a D-model if it is obtained by attaching infinitely many worlds $t_1, t_2, \ldots$, and $t_\omega$ to a world $t_0$ of a GL-model so that $t_0 \succ t_1 \succ t_2 \succ \cdots \succ t_\omega$. A non-normal modal logic D, which was studied by Beklemishev (1999), is characterized as follows. A formula $\varphi$ is a theorem of D if and only if $\varphi$ is true at $t_\omega$ in any D-model. D is an intermediate logic between the provability logics GL and S. A Hilbert-style proof system for D is known, but there has been no sequent calculus. In this paper, we establish two sequent calculi for D, and show the cut-elimination theorem. We also introduce new Hilbert-style systems for D by interpreting the sequent calculi. Moreover we show a general result as follows. Let $X$ and $X^+$ be arbitrary modal logics. If the relationship between semantics of $X$ and semantics of $X^+$ is equal to that of GL and D, then $X^+$ can be axiomatized based on $X$ in the same way as the new axiomatization of D based on GL

Capability of TEC correlation Analysis and Deceleration at Propagation Velocities of Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances: Preseismic Anomalies before the Large Earthquakes

Data analysis method (CRA, hereafter) to correlate multiple TEC anomaly signals has detected pre-seismic anomalies before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake (Iwata & Umeno 2016), the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake (Iwata & Umeno 2017) and the 2016 Tainan earthquake (Goto et al. 2019). However, a critical argument said that those anomalies detected by CRA would not be pre-seismic anomalies published by Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics (126), 2021 (JGR-SP (126), hereafter). In this paper, we would point out its incorrect use of statistical anomalies in evaluating CRA as the following points: CRA is shown to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to amplify pre-seismic TEC’s small anomaly signals with synchronizing and correlating multiple GNSS receivers’ data. We proved again that pre-seismic anomalies certainly exist before the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake and the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake with additional data analysis. In particular, as a temporal anomaly, deceleration at propagation velocities of medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTID, hereafter) before the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake captured by CRA (Iwata & Umeno 2017) is elucidated as pre-seismic anomalies. Furthermore, we proposed a physical model to predict that 35 m/s change at MSTID propagation velocities estimated by TEC’s CRA requires 0.58 × 10⁻³ V/m electric field in the F Layer ionosphere. Contrary to the claim with the incorrect use of statistical anomalies in JGR-SP (126), TEC’s correlation anomalies detected by CRA (Iwata & Umeno 2016 and Iwata & Umeno 2017) clearly provided supporting evidence that physical pre-seismic anomalies really exist

Dewatering of slurry with poor filterability in basket centrifuge: discharge of supernatant using bypass filter medium

When centrifugal dewatering in basket centrifuge involves the sedimentation of particles in feed slurry, the slurry separates into two phases: supernatant and cake. The dewatering proceeds as the supernatant permeates through the cake. However, if the cake formed has poor permeability, it takes longer time to reach the desired moisture content. In this study , a new method is proposed to dewater slurry which forms cake with poor permeability and a comparison was made with the conventional design. In the proposed design, the filter media is placed not only on the circuit, but also at the bottom of the filter chamber. Thus, even though the cake formed has a high hydrodynamic resistance, the supernatant could be discharged because the filter medium at the bottom has less hydrodynamic resistance than the cake and therefore works as a bypass. It is known from the previous study that when the supernatant is totally discharged, the cake will undergo a consolidation process, which will make the cake more compact. Therefore, it is postulated that the bypass filter medium would improve the dewatering efficiency drastically. The results obtained is that the supernatant still remained in the filter chamber even after 300 s of dewatering when the conventional design was used, while the supernatant was completely discharged within 150 s when the new design was used. Thus, it can be concluded that the filter medium at the bottom of the filter chamber worked as a bypass and improved the dewatering performance

Analysis of stepwise expression of sake fermentation broth

In the sake brewing, expression is used for the separation of liquid from the fermentation broth. Although the period of expression has to be as short as possible in order to prevent the sake from losing flavour, practically it takes much time to complete expression because of the highly compressible materials (e.g. proteins and starch) in the broth. For the expression of highly compressible materials, it is known empirically that the applied pressure should be low at the beginning of the expression and increased stepwise as the expression proceeds. In this study, we propose a method for the analysis of stepwise expression of highly compressible materials. The fermentation broth of sake was used as the experimental material. The experimental apparatus of constant pressure expression utilised in this study essentially consists of a vertical cylinder with a movable piston. The change in thickness of the material in the cylinder with the time was measured by a dial gauge. The mechanism of liquid removal is filtration at the beginning of expression, followed by consolidation. The filtration rate can be obtained by applying Ruth’s constant pressure filtration theory. In the consolidation period (i.e. after the end of the filtration), the deliquoring rate is calculated by the numerical analysis of the basic consolidation equation. However, because the formula expressing the distribution of solid compressive pressure pS of a filter cake with highly compressible materials has not been established well, the consolidation equation cannot be solved analytically. We therefore propose a new empirical equation representing the pS-distribution of a filter cake with highly compressible materials. The equation proposed in this study makes it possible to analyse the stepwise expression of highly compressible materials

A Sexually Conditioned Switch of Chemosensory Behavior in C. elegans

In sexually reproducing animals, mating is essential for transmitting genetic information to the next generation and therefore animals have evolved mechanisms for optimizing the chance of successful mate location. In the soil nematode C. elegans, males approach hermaphrodites via the ascaroside pheromones, recognize hermaphrodites when their tails contact the hermaphrodites' body, and eventually mate with them. These processes are mediated by sensory signals specialized for sexual communication, but other mechanisms may also be used to optimize mate location. Here we describe associative learning whereby males use sodium chloride as a cue for hermaphrodite location. Both males and hermaphrodites normally avoid sodium chloride after associative conditioning with salt and starvation. However, we found that males become attracted to sodium chloride after conditioning with salt and starvation if hermaphrodites are present during conditioning. For this conditioning, which we call sexual conditioning, hermaphrodites are detected by males through pheromonal signaling and additional cue(s). Sex transformation experiments suggest that neuronal sex of males is essential for sexual conditioning. Altogether, these results suggest that C. elegans males integrate environmental, internal and social signals to determine the optimal strategy for mate location

Extracting Innovative Buyers by Scoring Using Innovator Theory

For companies that want to sell a high volume of products, it is important to identify innovative buyers to help with product marketing efforts. The purpose of this paper is to construct a model extracting whether users are innovative buyers or not from their purchase histories at physical stores and from access logs from an online-to-offline (O2O) site. Innovative buyers are users who influence other users' product purchases, also known in innovator theory as innovators and early adopters. They purchase products quickly, visiting physical stores such as supermarkets and convenience stores. In other words, innovative buyers are known to have high cosmopolite natures. In extracting innovative buyers, we estimated the speed of user product purchases and their cosmopolite natures. This estimation index can also be referred to as innovator scores. We went on to verify this method with socioeconomic status points, personality points and communication points (SPC points), using consciousness data and profile data collected from a panel on an O2O site. Thus, we showed that innovative buyers could be extracted using this new method, and the accuracy was higher than that of traditional methods measuring only the speed from product sale start to user purchase. Keywords: Innovator Scores, Innovative Buyers, SPC Points, O2O, Cosmopolite Natures, Extraction Model JEL Classifications: M31, O39, C38 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.981

Crystal structure of CmABCB1 multi-drug exporter in lipidic mesophase revealed by LCP-SFX

がんの多剤排出の原因となっているABCトランスポーターの立体構造をSACLAのX線自由電子レーザーを用いて決定. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-12-23.CmABCB1 is a Cyanidioschyzon merolae homolog of human ABCB1, a well known ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter responsible for multi-drug resistance in various cancers. Three-dimensional structures of ABCB1 homologs have revealed the snapshots of inward- and outward-facing states of the transporters in action. However, sufficient information to establish the sequential movements of the open–close cycles of the alternating-access model is still lacking. Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) using X-ray free-electron lasers has proven its worth in determining novel structures and recording sequential conformational changes of proteins at room temperature, especially for medically important membrane proteins, but it has never been applied to ABC transporters. In this study, 7.7 mono­acyl­glycerol with cholesterol as the host lipid was used and obtained well diffracting microcrystals of the 130 kDa CmABCB1 dimer. Successful SFX experiments were performed by adjusting the viscosity of the crystal suspension of the sponge phase with hy­droxy­propyl methyl­cellulose and using the high-viscosity sample injector for data collection at the SACLA beamline. An outward-facing structure of CmABCB1 at a maximum resolution of 2.22 Å is reported, determined by SFX experiments with crystals formed in the lipidic cubic phase (LCP-SFX), which has never been applied to ABC transporters. In the type I crystal, CmABCB1 dimers interact with adjacent molecules via not only the nucleotide-binding domains but also the transmembrane domains (TMDs); such an interaction was not observed in the previous type II crystal. Although most parts of the structure are similar to those in the previous type II structure, the substrate-exit region of the TMD adopts a different configuration in the type I structure. This difference between the two types of structures reflects the flexibility of the substrate-exit region of CmABCB1, which might be essential for the smooth release of various substrates from the transporter