Research and Development Expenditures of Innovative Enterprises in the Time of Crisis

In an analysed group of enterprises the smallest "resistance" to crisis was observed in American companies. The enterprises from the EU also reduced research and development expenditures but the pace of a fall in these expenditures was smaller than in the case of American companies.W badanej zbiorowości przedsiębiorstw najmniejszą "odporność" na kryzys wykazaly firmy amerykańskie. Firmy wywodzące się z UE również zanotowaly zmniejszenie nakladów na badania i rozwój, jednak tempo spadku nakladów badawczo-rozwojowych bylo tu mniejsze niż w przypadku firm amerykańskich

ALGORYTMY TOPOLOGICZNE DO ROZWIĄZYWANIA ZAGADNIENIA ODWROTNEGO W TOMOGRAFII ELEKTRYCZNEJ

In this paper, there were investigated topological algorithms to solve the inverse problem in electrical tomography. The level set method, material derivative, shape derivative and topological derivative are based on shape and topology optimization approach to electrical impedance tomography problems with piecewise constant conductivities. The cost of the numerical algorithm is enough good, because the shape is captured on a fixed grid. The proposed solution is initialized by using topological sensitivity analysis. Shape derivative and material derivative (or topological derivative) have been incorporated with level set methods to investigate shape optimization problems.W artykule przedstawiono algorytmy topologiczne do rozwiązania problemu odwrotnego w tomografii elektrycznej. Metoda zbiorów poziomicowych, pochodna materialna, pochodna kształtu i pochodna topologiczna zostały oparte na topologii optymalizacji kształtu do rozwiązania odwrotnego w elektrycznej tomografii impedancyjnej. Koszt algorytmu numerycznego jest wystarczająco dobry, ponieważ kształt jest osadzony na stałej siatce. Proponowany algorytm inicjowano za pomocą topologicznej analizy wrażliwościowej. Pochodna kształtu, pochodna materialna (lub pochodna topologiczna) zostały połączone z metodą zbiorów poziomicowych do badania problemów optymalizacji kształtu

PROJEKTOWANIE SYSTEMÓW ANALIZY DANYCH DO AUTOMATYZACJI PROCESÓW BIZNESOWYCH

The paper deals with the design of data analysis systems for business process automation. The main goal of the project is to develop an innovative system for analyzing multisource data, business data mining processes, and as a result the creation and sharing of new improved procedures and solutions.Artykuł dotyczy projektowania systemów analizy danych do automatyzacji procesów biznesowych. Głównym celem projektu jest opracowanie innowacyjnego systemu do analizy danych wieloźródłowych, procesów eksploracji danych biznesowych, a co za tym idzie tworzenie i udostępnianie nowych ulepszonych procedur i rozwiązań

ANALIZA OBRAZÓW MEDYCZNYCH I STEREOSKOPOWYCH W SYSTEMIE E-MEDICUS

In this work, there were implemented methods to analyze and segmentation medical images by using different kind of algorithms. The solution shows the architecture of the system collecting and analyzing data. There was tried to develop an algorithm for level set method applied to piecewise constant image segmentation. These algorithms are needed to identify arbitrary number of phases for the segmentation problem. With the use of modern algorithms, it can obtain a quicker diagnosis and automatically marking areas of the interest region in medical images.W pracy zaimplementowano metody analizy i segmentacji obrazów medycznych przy użyciu różnych algorytmów. Rozwiązanie pokazuje architekturę systemu zbierającego i analizującego dane. Podjęto próbę opracowania algorytmu dla metody zbiorów poziomicowych stosowanej do fragmentarycznej, stałej segmentacji obrazu. Metody te są potrzebne do identyfikacji dowolnej liczby faz dla problemu segmentacji. Dzięki zastosowaniu nowoczesnych algorytmów można uzyskać szybszą diagnozę i automatyczne oznaczanie obszarów w regionach zainteresowania w obrazach medycznych

A Nondestructive Distributed Sensor System for Imaging in Industrial Tomography

The proposed solution is based on the construction of a cyber-physical system for acquiring, processing, and reconstructing the image of measurement data. Industrial tomography enables observation of physical and chemical phenomena without the need of internal penetration. Process tomography gives the possibility to analyze processes taking place inside the facility without disturbing the production, analysis, and detection of obstacles, defects, and various anomalies. The presented measuring system has a specially designed measuring structure (including electrodes, thanks to which it is an innovative solution in the field, particularly effective in analysis). Knowledge of the characteristics of each tomographic technique allows to choose the appropriate method of image reconstruction. The inverse problem is the process of identifying optimization or synthesis, wherein the objective is to determine the parameters describing the data field

FEM application in studies of mechanical properties of the C-Pd film

Comparison of numerical simulation and experimental data for nanoindentation studies of nanostructural  carbonaceous-palladium  films  (C-Pd)  is  presented. Finite  Element  Method  (FEM)  and  ANSYS  program  (Ansys,  Inc)  were  used.  Traditional  Oliver–Pharr method for cone and spherical shaped indenter were applied for FEM modelling of nanoindentation  experiment.  FEM  simulations  showed  that  Pd  nanograins  are  moved  in  carbon  matrix  toward  the  film  surface  due  to  an  external  stress.  Distribution  of  palladium  grains  in  the  film  volume  influence  on  the  Young  modulus  and  nanohardness  was  also  found

ZASTOSOWANIE ELEKTRYCZNEJ TOMOGRAFII IMPEDANCYJNEJ W UKŁADACH POMIARU LINIOWEGO

The article presents an application to the topology optimization in electrical impedance tomography using the level set method. The level set function is based on shape and topology optimization for areas with partly continuous conductivities. The finite element method has been used to solve the forward problem. The proposed algorithm is initialized using topological sensitivity analysis. Shape derivative and material derivative have been incorporated with the level set method to investigate shape optimization problems. The coupled algorithm is a relatively new procedure to overcome this problem. Using the line measurement model is very useful to solve the inverse problem in the copper-mine ceiling and the flood embankment.W artykule przedstawiono aplikację do optymalizacji topologicznej w elektrycznej tomografii impedancyjnej przy użyciu metody zbiorów poziomicowych. Funkcja poziomicowa oparta jest optymalizacji topologii i kształtu dla obszarów z częściowo ciągłymi konduktywnościami. Metoda elementów skończonych została wykorzystana do rozwiązania tego problemu. Proponowany algorytm jest inicjalizowany przy użyciu topologicznej analizy wrażliwościowej. Pochodna kształtu i pochodna topologiczna zostały zaimplementowane z metodą zbiorów poziomicowych do rozwiązania problemu optymalizacji. Sprzężony algorytm jest stosunkowo nową procedurą do rozwiązania tego zadania. Zastosowanie modelu pomiaru tablicowego jest bardzo użyteczne w celu rozwiązania problemu odwrotnego m.in. w chodniku kopalni miedzi i wałach przeciwpowodziowych

ZBIORY POZIOMICOWE I ALGORYTMY INTELIGENCJI OBLICZENIOWEJ DO ANALIZY OBRAZÓW MEDYCZNYCH W SYSTEMIE E-MEDICUS

In this work, there were implemented methods to analyze and segmentation medical images by using topological, statistical algorithms and artificial intelligence techniques. The solution shows the architecture of the system collecting and analyzing data. There was tried to develop an algorithm for level set method (LSM) applied to piecewise constant image segmentation. These algorithms are needed to identify arbitrary number of phases for the segmentation problem. The image segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple regions. There is typically used to locate objects and boundaries in images. There was also shown an algorithm for analyzing medical images using a neural network MLP.W artykule zostały zaimplementowane metody do analizy i segmentacji obrazów medycznych przy użyciu algorytmów topologicznych, statystycznych i technik sztucznej inteligencji. Rozwiązanie przedstawia architekturę systemu do gromadzenia i analizy danych. Opracowano algorytmy oparte na metodzie zbiorów poziomicowych (MZP) jako odcinkowo stałą segmentację obrazu. Algorytmy te są potrzebne do identyfikacji dowolnej liczby faz dla problemu segmentacji, która odnosi się do procesu dzielenia cyfrowego obrazu w różnych regionach. Metoda używana jest zwykle do lokalizacji obiektów i brzegów w obrazach. W pracy przedstawiono również algorytm do analizy obrazów medycznych z wykorzystaniem sieci neuronowej MLP

The Impact of Industrial Revolution 4.0 and the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Corporate Marketing

Theoretical background: The transformation of marketing that has been taking place for the last 150 years involves the gradual change of its concept, strategy and operational activity models to meet the manifested challenges and the future development trends. The main factors that determine the evolutionary change in corporate marketing include the development of production technique and technology, organization and management processes, and the monetization of goods and services. Another factor includes changes in the environment of enterprises, primarily related to the processes of globalization and to the behaviour, tastes and preferences of consumers. Paradoxically, having affected almost the entire globalized world, the COVID-19 pandemic has become the catalyst for the processes of marketing transformation. The impact of these factors on marketing was the basis for distinguishing four stages in its development, i.e. Marketing 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. This classification is parallel to the one related to industrial revolutions described as Industrial Revolution 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0.Purpose of the article: The identification of the main factors of the corporate marketing transformation and the assessment of their impact and effects on the changing ideas, tools and forms increasingly based on digitization and artificial intelligence.Research methods: the Author was motivated to undertake the research in question by the lack of systematic and comprehensive studies capturing the impact on marketing of the effects of industrial revolutions and the deriving changes in the corporate environment and the preferences and tastes of consumers, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. The Author used the previous research findings included in various studies (periodical, thematic and online) and conducted their critical analysis and synthesis, and supplemented those with his own reflections. The result of the above was the formulation of a thesis about a close relationship between the development of the techniques and technology of manufacturing, changes in the macro environment of entities as well as the needs and tastes of consumers , and the COVID-19 pandemic and the evolution of marketing. Main conclusions: Over the last 150 years there have been revolutionary changes in the corporate marketing. The main drivers of change included four industrial revolutions, the transformation of the corporate environment as well as of consumer needs and preferences, and the COVID-19 pandemic. They resulted in the gradual development of marketing from the stage defined as Marketing 1.0 through 2.0, 3.0 to 4.0. This last stage is taking place today and is characterized by a plethora of innovative forms. It has been subject to further transformations together with the progress in the implementation of inventions related to the Industrial Revolution 4.0.Theoretical justification: The transformation of marketing that has been taking place for the last one hundred and fifty years involves the gradual change of its concept, strategy and operational activity models to meet the manifested challenges and the future development trends. The main factors that determine the evolutionary change in corporate marketing include the development of production technique and technology, organization and management processes, and the monetization of goods and services. Another factor includes changes in the environment of enterprises, primarily related to the processes of globalization and to the behaviour, tastes and preferences of consumers. Paradoxically, having affected almost the entire globalized world, the Covid-19 Pandemic has become the catalyst for the processes of marketing transformation. The impact of these factors on marketing was the basis for distinguishing four stages in its development, i.e. Marketing 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0. This classification is parallel to the one related to industrial revolutions described as Industrial Revolution 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0. Purpose of the article: The identification of the main factors of the corporate marketing transformation and the assessment of their impact and effects on the changing ideas, tools and forms increasingly based on digitization and artificial intelligence. Research methods: the Author was motivated to undertake the research in question by the lack of systematic and comprehensive studies capturing the impact on marketing of the effects of industrial revolutions and the deriving changes in the corporate environment and the preferences and tastes of consumers, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. The Author used the previous research findings included in various studies (periodical, thematic and online) and conducted their critical analysis and synthesis, and supplemented those with his own reflections. The result of the above was the formulation of a thesis about a close relationship between the development of the techniques and technology of manufacturing, changes in the macro environment of entities as well as the needs and tastes of consumers , and the COVID-19 pandemic and the evolution of marketing. From the stage of focusing on product management, defined as marketing 1.0, it moved stage 2.0 based on the use of innovative information and communication technologies and focusing on consumers, and then to marketing 3.0 that took into account the cultural, social, spiritual and ecological aspects of consumer behaviour, and finally to marketing 4.0. The last stage of marketing utilises the base of the previous ones while focusing more intensely on building lasting ties with consumers, their participation in the creation of personalized products, multi-channel communication with them, strategy diversification and the greatest possible use of digital tools and artificial intelligence. Main conclusions: Over the last 150 years there have been revolutionary changes in the corporate marketing. The main drivers of change included four industrial revolutions, the transformation of the corporate environment as well as of consumer needs and preferences, and the COVID-19 pandemic. They resulted in the gradual development of marketing from the stage defined as Marketing 1.0 through 2.0, 3.0 to 4.0. This last stage is taking place today and is characterized by a plethora of innovative forms. It has been subject to further transformations together with the progress in the implementation of inventions related to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Its increasing digitization results in the deepening of the relationship between producers achieving their income and consumers whose needs are better satisfied. Marketing 4.0 utilises the inventions of the Industrial Revolution 3.0 and 4.0 in order to obtain the best possible communication with consumers and at the same time seeks to achieve universal acceptance by adhering to ecological and social standards. Advances in digitization of marketing have been accelerated by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.                In technical and technological terms, the transformation of marketing means the gradual development of its digitization and the application of artificial intelligence. From the social perspective, however, it is a shift from focusing on the product to positioning the consumer, a community member sensitive to the dangers of globalization and having both physical and spiritual needs, in the centre of its attention

SYSTEM AKWIZYCJI DANYCH W ELEKTRYCZNEJ TOMOGRAFII IMPEDANCYJNEJ

This article presents the design of the device with active electrodes to examine the flood embankment. There was discussed the method of determining the conductivity. The presented solution was based on electrical impedance tomography. There was described the concept of active electrodes and measuring equipment for data acquisition. Electrical impedance tomography, which is based on measuring potential difference, can be used to calculate conductivity. The problem depends on the fact that every material has unique conductance.W tym artykule przedstawiono konstrukcję urządzenia z aktywnymi elektrodami do badania stanu wału przeciwpowodziowego. Omówiono metodę wyznaczania konduktywności. Prezentowane rozwiązanie zostało oparte na elektrycznej tomografii impedancyjnej. Opisano koncepcję aktywnych elektrod i sprzętu pomiarowego do akwizycji danych. Elektryczna tomografia impedancyjna, która jest oparta na pomiarze różnicy potencjałów może być użyta do pomiaru konduktywności. Sposób, w jaki może być zdefiniowany polega na tym, że każdy materiał ma unikalną przewodność