Examining c-di-GMP and possible quorum sensing regulation in Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25:links between intra and inter-cellular regulation benefits community cooperative activities such as biofilm formation

Bacterial success in colonizing complex environments requires individual response to micro-scale conditions as well as community-level cooperation to produce large-scale structures such as biofilms. Connecting individual and community responses could be achieved by linking the intracellular sensory and regulatory systems mediated by bis-(3′-5′)-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) and other compounds of individuals with intercellular quorum sensing (QS) regulation controlling populations. There is growing evidence to suggest that biofilm formation by many pseudomonads is regulated by both intra and intercellular systems, though in the case of the model Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Wrinkly Spreader in which mutations increasing c-di-GMP levels result in the production of a robust cellulose-based air-liquid interface biofilm, no evidence for the involvement of QS regulation has been reported. However, our recent review of the P. fluorescens SBW25 genome has identified a potential QS regulatory pathway and other QS–associated genes linked to c-di-GMP homeostasis, and QS signal molecules have also been identified in culture supernatants. These findings suggest a possible link between c-di-GMP and QS regulation in P. fluorescens SBW25 which might allow a more sophisticated and responsive control of cellulose production and biofilm formation when colonising the soil and plant-associated environments P. fluorescens SBW25 normally inhabits.Анализ ц-ди-ГМФ и возможного чувства кворума у Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW 25: связь между внутри и межклеточной регуляцией способствует кооперативному поведению в сообществе и формированию биоплёнкиУспешность бактериальной колонизации сложных экониш требует индивидуального ответа на изменения условий на микроуровне равно как и кооперации на уровне сообщества для продукции таких крупно масштабных структур как биоплёнки. Координация индивидуальных ответ ов и ответов сообщества может быть достигнута путем связывания внутриклеточных сенсорных и регуляторных систем, опосредуемых бис-(3',5')-циклическим димерным гуанозинмонофосфатом (ц-ди-ГМФ) и другими соединениями индивидуумов с межклеточной регуляцией - чувством кворума (ЧК), контролирующем популяци ю. Накапливается всё больше доказательств того, что формирование биопленки многими псевдомонадами регулируется как внутри клеточными, так и меж клеточными регуляторными системами, хотя в случае модельной Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 Wrinkly Spreader, у которой мутации, повышающ ие уровни ц-ди-ГМФ, приводят к созданию прочной целлюлозной биоплёнки на границе раздела фаз воздух-жидкость, не было обнаружено ни ка кого свидетельства вовлечения кворум-зависимой регуляции. Однако наш недавний обзор генома P. fluorescens SBW25 выявил потенциальный ЧК-зависимый регуляторный пу ть и другие ЧК-зависимые гены, связанные с гомеостазом ц-ди-ГМФ, а молекулы ЧК-сигналинга были идентифицированы в культуре. Эти данные свидетельствуют о возможной связи между ц-ди-ГМФ-регуляцией и ЧК у P. fluorescens SBW25, что позволяет более сложный и гибкий контроль над продукцией целлюлозы и образовани ем биопленки при колонизации почв и экониш, aссоциированных с растениям и, - естественными средами обитания P. fluorescens SBW25

Ornamental grasses breeding activity in the botanical garden of ural federal university

This paper described the importance of ornamental grasses in modern landscape design; the use of new non- traditional plant species and the need for new modern varieties in order to improve plant breeding under challenging climatic conditions in the region. Methods were tested and developed in the botanical garden of the Ural Federal University at different stages of plant breeding. It is an Anatomo-morphological method (test) of rapid selection of initial seed production according to the principle of correlation relationship between floral and vegetative traits. The main and typical features of future cultivar of wide-spread Leymus divaricatus (Drobow) Tzvelev are presented by an identity card of future cultivar. © 2021 Author(s).Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka, (FEUZ-2020-0057)This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation as part of the state assignment ʋ FEUZ-2020-0057

eDNA inactivation and biofilm inhibition by the polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-Cl)

The choice of effective biocides used for routine hospital practice should consider the role of disinfectants in the maintenance and development of local resistome and how they might affect antibiotic resistance gene transfer within the hospital microbial population. Currently, there is little understanding of how different biocides contribute to eDNA release that may contribute to gene transfer and subsequent environmental retention. Here, we investigated how different biocides affect the release of eDNA from mature biofilms of two opportunistic model strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (PA) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (SA) and contribute to the hospital resistome in the form of surface and water contaminants and dust particles. The effect of four groups of biocides, alcohols, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, and the polymeric biocide polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG-Cl), was evaluated using PA and SA biofilms. Most biocides, except for PHMG-Cl and 70% ethanol, caused substantial eDNA release, and PHMG-Cl was found to block biofilm development when used at concentrations of 0.5% and 0.1%. This might be associated with the formation of DNA–PHMG-Cl complexes as PHMG-Cl is predicted to bind to AT base pairs by molecular docking assays. PHMG-Cl was found to bind high-molecular DNA and plasmid DNA and continued to inactivate DNA on surfaces even after 4 weeks. PHMG-Cl also effectively inactivated biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance gene eDNA released by a pan-drug-resistant Klebsiella strain, which demonstrates the potential of a polymeric biocide as a new surface-active agent to combat the spread of antibiotic resistance in hospital settings

p73 Regulates Neurodegeneration and Phospho-Tau Accumulation during Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

SummaryThe genetic mechanisms that regulate neurodegeneration are only poorly understood. We show that the loss of one allele of the p53 family member, p73, makes mice susceptible to neurodegeneration as a consequence of aging or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Behavioral analyses demonstrated that old, but not young, p73+/− mice displayed reduced motor and cognitive function, CNS atrophy, and neuronal degeneration. Unexpectedly, brains of aged p73+/− mice demonstrated dramatic accumulations of phospho-tau (P-tau)-positive filaments. Moreover, when crossed to a mouse model of AD expressing a mutant amyloid precursor protein, brains of these mice showed neuronal degeneration and early and robust formation of tangle-like structures containing P-tau. The increase in P-tau was likely mediated by JNK; in p73+/− neurons, the activity of the p73 target JNK was enhanced, and JNK regulated P-tau levels. Thus, p73 is essential for preventing neurodegeneration, and haploinsufficiency for p73 may be a susceptibility factor for AD and other neurodegenerative disorders

Гликемический индекс рационов фактического питания и риск развития метаболического синдрома у мужского городского населения Новосибирска (популяционное исследование)

Objective: to study the value of the glycemic index (GI) diets in men of Novosibirsk, the link it with nutritional factors and assessment of the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS). A cross-sectional study was carried out in the framework of the international project HAPIEE, random representative sample of the unorganizedpopulation of Novosibirsk included 3699 men without diabetes.Materials and metods. Assessment of the actual power – frequency method. To calculate the GI diets used data from the International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load, as well as data published Lobykinoy E.N. et al. The criteria for the metabolic syndrome were made in accordance with the Russian national guidelines All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology. For comparison accepted criteria National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III, 2001). Statistical analysis performed using the application package SPSS.11.5 (Bonferroni test procedure GLM). Estimation of odds ratios was performed using binary logistic regression in quartiles of glycemic index. Differences were considered statistically significant at p < 0,05. The average glycemic index diets (M ± SD) in men Novosibirsk averaged 55,2 ± 3,3, the minimum value of the first quartile – 50,8 ± 2,4 and a maximum value in the fourth – 58,9 ± 1,3. Against the background of lower-GI group first quartile, the proportion of persons with obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperglycemia was significantly greater than in the quartile with the highest GI. Accordingly, the odds ratio (OR) the risk of metabolic syndrome in the fourth quartile minimum: OR = 0,70 (CI 0,58; 0,84; p < 0,001) (criteria All-Russian Scientific Society of Cardiology) and OR = 0,69 (CI 0,54; 0,88; p < 0,001) (criteria NCEP-ATP III, 2001). Under the first quartile of the GI is set higher consumption of animal products and atherogenic saturated fatty acids. Conclusion. Against the background of higher consumption of animal products, fats in general, better consumption profile group of plant products in the first quartile reduces GI diet, but not the risk of developing MS. There is evidence that high intake of fat, including Meat and meat products leads to the risk of developing MS. Along with recommendations to reduce sugar consumption, increase the number of products with “slow” carbohydrates, should strengthen the nutrition component of the fat correction. Particular attention should be paid to reduce salt intake.Цель исследования – изучение величины гликемического индекса (ГИ) рационов питания и риска развития метаболического синдрома у мужчин г. Новосибирска.Материал и методы. Кросс-секционное исследование выполнено в рамках международного проекта HAPIEE. Изучалась случайная репрезентативная выборка неорганизованного населения г. Новосибирска, 3 699 мужчин, средний возраст 58,1 ± 7,0, без сахарного диабета. Оценка фактического питания – частотный метод. Для расчета ГИ рационов использовали данные Международных таблиц гликемического индекса и гликемической нагрузки, а также данных, опубликованных Лобыкиной Е.Н. с соавт. Критерии метаболического синдрома принимались в соответствии с Российскими национальными рекомендациями ВНОК. Для сравнения принимались критерии МС NCEP ATP III, 2001. Статистическая обработка данных проведена с использованием пакета прикладных программ SPSS.11.5 (критерий Бонферрони в процедуре GLM). Оценку отношения шансов OR проводили с использованием бинарной логистической регрессии в квартилях гликемического индекса. Различия считались статистически значимыми при p < 0,05. Средний гликемический индекс рационов питания у мужчин г. Новосибирска составил в среднем 55,2 ± 3,3 с минимальным значением в первом квартиле 50,8 ± 2,4 и максимальном – 58,9 ± 1,3 в четвертом. На фоне более низкого ГИ в группе первого квартиля доля лиц с ожирением, гипертриглицеридемией и гипергликемией в ней значимо больше, чем в квартиле с максимальным ГИ. Соответственно OR развития метаболического синдрома в четвертом квартиле минимальные: 0,70 (ДИ 0,58; 0,84; р < 0,001) (критерии МС ВНОК, 2009) и 0,69 (ДИ 0,54; 0,88; р < 0,001) (критерии МС NCEP ATP III, 2001). В группе первого квартиля ГИ установлено более высокое потребление животных продуктов и атерогенных насыщенных жирных кислот. На фоне более высокого потребления животных продуктов, жиров в целом более качественный профиль потребления растительной группы продуктов в первом квартиле способствует снижению ГИ рациона, но не риска развития метаболического синдрома. Наряду с рекомендациями по снижению потребления сахара, повышению количества продуктов с «медленными» углеводами следует усилить коррекцию жирового компонента питания. Особое внимание следует уделить снижению потребления соли

Retinoic Acid Functions as a Key GABAergic Differentiation Signal in the Basal Ganglia

Retinoic acid (RA) is essential for the generation of GABAergic inhibitory neurons in the mouse forebrain, and RA treatment of embryonic stem cells induces the production of GABAergic neurons

Polymorphism taqib (rs708272) gene protein cholesterol ester transfer (CETP) in women with autoimmune thyroiditis with the result of hypothyroidism

Objective: To study the polymorphism TaqIB (rs708272) gene protein cholesterolоl ester transfer (CETP) in women with autoimmune thyroiditis. Materials and Methods: We examined 98 women with autoimmune thyroiditis, mean age 55.2 ± 7.8 years, disease duration 8.0 ± 6.4 years, menopause duration 6.4 ± 3.5 years. The average dose of L-thyroxine 84.3 ± 28.5. Control group consisted of 135 women of similar age without thyroid pathology. Polymorphism of TaqIB (rs708272) CETP gene formed by PCR RFLP on published by technique. Results: As a result, it was found that in the group of women with AIT В1В1 and В2В2 genotypes determined in 37.8 % and 21.4 %. Win В1В2 heterozygotes in patients with hypothyroidism compared with the control group was significantly lower: 40.8 % and 54.8 %, p = 0.035. Average levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides were not significantly different in carriers of different genotypes of TaqIB polymorphism (rs708272) CETP gene in the two groups

Analysis of some biomarkers of dyslipidemia in obstructive sleep apnea and obese patients

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the biomarkers of dyslipidemia in obese patients. 66 patients diagnosed with OSA and obesity (Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2) were enrolled. The study demonstrated higher level of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in patients with severe OSA. There was further significant correlation between elevated levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins and symptoms of hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system such as reduced heart rate variability and circadian index according to the daily ECG monitoring