Hedge funds in emerging markets.

The paper outlines hedge fund activities in Asia and Hong Kong based on data from the Securities and Futures Commission in Hong Kong and private research fi rms specialised in hedge funds. In terms of growth, investment strategies, use of leverage and investor base, hedge funds in Hong Kong display characteristics similar to those of hedge funds investing in Asia’s emerging markets. Various financial sectors’ exposures to hedge funds remain small across the region and certain Asian markets are observed to be at the forefront of an international movement to enhance the oversight of hedge fund activities. However, the paper has highlighted the need for regulators to be aware of the potential concerns on hedge fund activities including the systemic risk on fi nancial stability, investor protection challenge and the risk of settlement failure. Finally, the paper proposes to enhance the effectiveness of regulating hedge fund activities in the region through continued vigilance on counterparty risk management, enhancement on collection of data, improvement on cross-border and cross-market sharing of information as well as regulatory cooperation.

Development of an improved oxygen electrode for use in alkaline H2-O2 fuel cells Quarterly report, Apr. 1 - Jun. 30, 1967

Preparation of institial compounds of transition metals for hydrogen oxygen fuel cell cathode

The Emotionalization of Reflexivity

Reflexivity refers to the practices of altering one’s life as a response to knowledge about one’s circumstances. While theories of reflexivity have not entirely ignored emotions, attention to them has been insufficient. These theories need emotionalizing and this article proposes that emotions have become central to a subjectivity and sociality that is relationally constructed. The emotionalization of reflexivity not only refers to a theoretical endeavour but is a phrase used to begin to explore whether individuals are increasingly drawing on emotions in assessing themselves and their lives. It is argued that dislocation from tradition produces a reflexivity that can be very dependent on comparing experiences and can move others to reflect and reorder their own relations to self and others. Thus, emotions are crucial to how the social is reproduced and to enduring within a complex social world

Should the Psychiatrist Be Hospitalized?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68096/2/10.1177_002076407502100212.pd

Transcription factors TEAD2 and E2A globally repress acetyl-CoA synthesis to promote tumorigenesis.

Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) plays an important role in metabolism, gene expression, signaling, and other cellular processes via transfer of its acetyl group to proteins and metabolites. However, the synthesis and usage of acetyl-CoA in disease states such as cancer are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated global acetyl-CoA synthesis and protein acetylation in a mouse model and patient samples of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unexpectedly, we found that acetyl-CoA levels are decreased in HCC due to transcriptional downregulation of all six acetyl-CoA biosynthesis pathways. This led to hypo-acetylation specifically of non-histone proteins, including many enzymes in metabolic pathways. Importantly, repression of acetyl-CoA synthesis promoted oncogenic dedifferentiation and proliferation. Mechanistically, acetyl-CoA synthesis was repressed by the transcription factors TEAD2 and E2A, previously unknown to control acetyl-CoA synthesis. Knockdown of TEAD2 and E2A restored acetyl-CoA levels and inhibited tumor growth. Our findings causally link transcriptional reprogramming of acetyl-CoA metabolism, dedifferentiation, and cancer

Elevated arginine levels in liver tumors promote metabolic reprogramming and tumor growth

Arginine auxotropy, due to reduced expression of urea cycle genes, is common in cancer. However, little is known about the levels of arginine in these cancers. Here, we report that arginine levels are elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) despite reduced expression of urea cycle enzymes. Liver tumors accumulate high levels specifically of arginine via increased uptake and, more importantly, via suppression of arginine-to-polyamine conversion due to reduced arginase 1 (ARG1) and agmatinase (AGMAT) expression. Furthermore, the high levels of arginine are required for tumor growth. Mechanistically, high levels of arginine promote tumorigenesis via transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes, including upregulation of asparagine synthetase (ASNS). ASNS-derived asparagine further enhances arginine uptake, creating a positive feedback loop to sustain high arginine levels and oncogenic metabolism. Thus, arginine is a novel second messenger-like molecule that reprograms metabolism to promote tumor growth