Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine in the United States: Current efforts, challenges, and opportunities

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem facing human, animal, plant, and environmental health by threatening our ability to effectively treat bacterial infections with antimicrobials. In the United States, robust surveillance efforts exist to collect, analyze, and disseminate AMR data in human health care settings. These tools enable the development of effective infection control methods, the detection of trends, and provide the evidence needed to guide stewardship efforts to reduce the potential for emergence and further spread of AMR. However, in veterinary medicine, there are currently no known equivalent tools. This paper reviews efforts to reduce the potential for emergence and further spread of AMR. However, in veterinary medicine, there are currently no known equivalent tools. This paper reviews efforts in the United States related to surveillance of AMR in veterinary medicine and discusses the challenges and opportunities of using data from veterinary diagnostic laboratories to build a comprehensive AMR surveillance program that will support stewardship efforts and help control AMR in both humans and animals

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine in the United States: Current e

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem facing human, animal, plant, and environmental health by threatening our ability to effectively treat bacterial infections with antimicrobials. In the United States, robust surveillance efforts exist to collect, analyze, and disseminate AMR data in human health care settings. These tools enable the development of effective infection control methods, the detection of trends, and provide the evidence needed to guide stewardship efforts to reduce the potential for emergence and further spread of AMR. However, in veterinary medicine, there are currently no known equivalent tools. This paper reviews efforts to reduce the potential for emergence and further spread of AMR. However, in veterinary medicine, there are currently no known equivalent tools. This paper reviews efforts in the United States related to surveillance of AMR in veterinary medicine and discusses the challenges and opportunities of using data from veterinary diagnostic laboratories to build a comprehensive AMR surveillance program that will support stewardship efforts and help control AMR in both humans and animals

Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from waste milk delivered to California calf ranches

abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) was present in waste milk delivered and fed to calves on California calf ranches. Four calf-raising facilities in the Central Valley of California that fed pasteurized waste milk to calves were enrolled. Pre- and post-pasteurization waste milk samples were cultured for MAP using liquid and solid media over a 5-day period during each of four seasons. Aerobic cultures were performed simultaneously to enumerate total bacteria count and evaluate the efficiency of pasteurization which was estimated by the log-reduction of the total number of bacteria. Viable MAP was cultured from 2% of the waste milk samples. Of the three culture-positive samples, two were from pre-pasteurized and one was from post-pasteurized milk samples. The mean total bacterial count for pre- and post-pasteurized waste milk varied from 1.8 x 10(8) to 5.5 x 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU)/mL and 4.9 x 10(5) to 1.1 x 10(8) CFU/mL, respectively, and on average ranches 1, 2, 3, and 4 had, respectively, 3.5-, 3-, 4.7-, and 2.6-log reduction in the number of total bacteria in their waste milk. This is the first study to document results from on-farm pasteurization under field conditions and it indicates the lack of uniformity and adequate controls of the process which could allow the survival of MAP and other pathogens. Calf-raising facilities could benefit from the implementation of standard operating procedures and farm worker training for pasteurization of waste milk. Dairy herds should be aware that placing calves in specialized off-site calf-raising facilities might not eliminate all possible routes of infection of calves with MAP

Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine in the United States: Current efforts, challenges, and opportunities

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem facing human, animal, plant, and environmental health by threatening our ability to effectively treat bacterial infections with antimicrobials. In the United States, robust surveillance efforts exist to collect, analyze, and disseminate AMR data in human health care settings. These tools enable the development of effective infection control methods, the detection of trends, and provide the evidence needed to guide stewardship efforts to reduce the potential for emergence and further spread of AMR. However, in veterinary medicine, there are currently no known equivalent tools. This paper reviews efforts in the United States related to surveillance of AMR in veterinary medicine and discusses the challenges and opportunities of using data from veterinary diagnostic laboratories to build a comprehensive AMR surveillance program that will support stewardship efforts and help control AMR in both humans and animals.This article is published as Ruzante JM, Harris B, Plummer P, Raineri RR, Loy JD, Jacob M, Sahin O and Kreuder AJ (2022) Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine in the United States: Current efforts, challenges, and opportunities. Front. Vet. Sci. 9:1068406. DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1068406. Copyright 2022 Ruzante, Harris, Plummer, Raineri, Loy, Jacob, Sahin and Kreuder. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Posted with permission

Avaliação do uso de inoculantes microbianos sobre a qualidade fermentativa e nutricional da silagem de milho Evaluation of microbial inoculation on nutritional and fermentative quality of corn silage

Foram ensilados os milhos AG 510 e AG 5011 (Agroceres), formando oito tratamentos: controle (sem inoculantes), Sil-All® (S. faecium, P. acidilactici, L. plantarum, amilase, hemicelulase e celulase), Silobac® (L. plantarum, S. faecium e Lactobacillus sp.) e Pioneer 1174® (S. faecium e L. plantarum). Os silos utilizados foram confeccionados em baldes plástico (quatro repetições/tratamento), portando válvula "bunsen" para livre escape dos gases. Após 106 dias de armazenamento, os silos foram abertos e amostrados para análise da composição bromatológica e perfil fermentativo. Para os híbridos AG 510 e AG 5011, foram obtidas diferenças quanto aos teores de MS (35,26 vs. 44,06%), PB (8,07 vs. 9,73%), NIDA (19,04 vs. 24,76% do N total), FDN (62,03 vs. 64,71%), FDA (36,74 vs. 40,19%), lignina (11,24 vs. 12,57%), carboidratos solúveis (12,0 vs. 7,0%), amido (27,04 vs. 24,46%), pH (3,79 vs. 4,32), nitrogênio amoniacal (4,19 vs. 8,81% do N total), ácido láctico (4,875 vs. 1,421% da MS) e ácido acético (1,269 vs. 2,682% da MS). O produto Pionner 1174 incrementou os teores de carboidratos solúveis no híbrido AG 510, mas não no híbrido 5011. Apenas no híbrido AG 510 houve diferenças nos teores de amido, tendo sido maior no tratamento Pioneer e intermediário no Silobac, em relação ao controle e ao Sil-All. O híbrido AG 510 apresentou melhor perfil fermentativo, quando comparado ao AG 5011, embora não fossem demonstrados efeitos dos inoculantes sobre esses parâmetros.<br>The corn hybrids AG 510 and AG 5011 (Agroceres) were ensiled in plastic experimental silos (four units/treatment), consisting of eight treatments: control (without inoculation), Sil-All® (S. faecium, P. acidilactici, L. plantarum, amylase, hemicellulase, and cellulase), Silobac® (L. plantarum, S. faecium, and Lactobacillus sp.), and Pioneer 1174® (S. faecium and L. plantarum). Silos were opened 106 days after ensiling and sampled to proceed chemical analyses. AG 510 and AG 5011 hybrids differed for DM (35.26 vs. 44.06%), CP (8.07 vs. 9.73%), ADIN (19.04 vs. 24.76% of total N), NDF (62.03 vs. 64.71%), ADF (36.74 vs. 40.19%), lignin (11.24 vs. 12.57%), water soluble carbohydrates (12.0 vs. 7.0%), starch (27.04 vs. 24.46%), pH (3.79 vs. 4.32), amoniacal nitrogen (4.19 vs. 8.81% of total N), lactic acid (4.875 vs. 1.421% of DM) and acetic acid (1.269 vs. 2.682% of DM). Pionner 1174® increased water-soluble carbohydrate in AG 510 hybrid, but not in AG 5011. Inoculation with Pioneer and Silobac had the highest and the intermediate starch content, respectively, in relation to control and Sil-All in the AG 510 hybrid, but not in AG 5011. AG 510 provided better fermentation pattern when compared to AG 5011, although inoculants showed no effects on those parameters

Risk Benefit Assessment of foods: Key findings from an international workshop

International audienceWhilst risk management measures, including food policy, are developed for the protection of public health and the environment, they may also lead to a reduction in health benefits. Policy decisions require then consideration of these necessary trade-offs, which leads to an increasing need to apply formal risk-benefit assessment (RBA) of foods. In this context, the European Food Safety Authority sponsored a Risk-Benefit Assessment Workshop on "past, current and future developments within the risk-benefit assessment of foods (RBA)" held in May 2017. The overall aims of the RBA Workshop were to discuss existing methods, challenges and needs within RBA, and to draft a roadmap for future development of RBA. The specific objectives were to i) identify RBA activities in Europe and globally; ii) discuss how to further develop and optimize RBA methodology; iii) identify challenges and opportunities within RBA; and iv) increase collaboration internationally. The two-day workshop gathered 28 participants from 16 institutions in 11 countries. It included technical presentations of RBA methods and case studies, and two break-out sessions for group discussions. All participants agreed that RBA has substantial potential to inform risk-management decisions in the areas of food safety, nutrition and public health. Several activities to optimize further developments within RBA were suggested. This paper provides a summary of workshop presentations, a discussion of challenges that limit progress in this area, and suggestions of next steps for this promising approach supporting a science-based decision process in the area of risk-benefit management of foods