Ontogenetic Responses of Calanus chilensis to Hypoxia from Northern Chile (23ºS), Humboldt Current Ecosystem

Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are being subjected to expansion, intensification and shoaling of Oxygen Minimum Zones (OMZ's), as a result of ongoing climate change. To understand how dominant epipelagic copepods may respond to stressful conditions induced by low oxygen, we experimentally studied the effect of hypoxia over the stage-specific physiology of Calanus chilensis from the Mejillones Bay (23°S — 70°W), northern Chile, during the winters of 2013 and 2014. Females, eggs and nauplii (NI to NIV) of C. chilensis were incubated under hypoxia (~0.7 mg O2 L-1) and normoxia (~8.3 mg O2 L-1) conditions at a constant temperature of 14ºC as to estimate egg production rate (EPR), hatching success (HS) and naupliar growth and development time. Additionally, we estimated survivorship by using Neutral Red technique, and also examined female metabolism by measuring specific activity of the enzymes Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (spAARS) (growth index) and the electron transport system (spETS) (potential respiration). Survival of females and EPR were not significantly affected by dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions, coinciding with no significant changes in their metabolism. By contrast, HS was reduced from normoxia (70%) to hypoxia (30%), whereas naupliar growth (NI to NIII) was lower under hypoxia (0.155 ± 0.007 d-1) than normoxia (0.237 ± 0.006 d-1), resulting also in a longer development time, 6.490 ± 0.353 d and 4.238 ± 0.149 d, respectively. Most eggs and nauplii collected at the end of the experiments were alive, although a higher proportion of organisms were recovered in normoxia than hypoxia. Our results revealed stage-specific responses to hypoxia in C. chilensis and the importance of ontogenetic responses to variable levels of oxygenation in the upwelling zone

Criteria for efficient prevention of dissemination and successful eradication of Erwinia amylovora (the cause of fire blight) in Aragón, Spain

Erwinia amylovora was detected on pome fruits in the Aragón region (North-Eastern Spain), in a ca. 5 km radius area located in the mid Jalón river (mid Ebro Valley) in the province of Zaragoza, during 2000‒2003. Eight years have now passed since this pathogen was last detected, without new infections being reported in the same area. The bases for surveys and rapid eradication performed have been analyzed in detail to understand the reasons for the success in removing fireblight. The results demonstrate that intensive surveillance, risk assessment, plant analyses using accurate identification methods, and, especially, rapid total or selective eradication of infected trees in the plots have been very effective in preventing the generalized spread of fireblight and in delaying economic losses associated with this disease. Eradication and compensation to growers, estimated to cost approx. € 467,000, were clearly counterbalanced by the economic value of apple and pear production in the 2000‒2003 period (approx. € 368 million). Fire blight risk-assessment, using the MARYBLYT system, showed that climatic conditions in the studied area were favourable to infections during the analyzed period (1997‒2006). Molecular characterization of E. amylovora strains had revealed their homogeneity, suggesting that these fire blight episodes could have been caused by just one inoculum source, supporting the hypothesis that there was a unique introduction of E. amylovora in the studied area. Spatial spread of E. amylovora to trees was analyzed within six orchards, indicating an aggregated distribution model. This Spanish experience demonstrates the success of scientifically-based prevention methods that lead to the deployment of a fast and strict containment strategy, useful for other Mediterranean areassurveysrisk-assessmentspatial analysisstrain characterizationPublishe

Criteria for efficient prevention of dissemination and successful eradication of Erwinia amylovora (the cause of fire blight) in Aragon, Spain

Erwinia amylovora was detected on pome fruits in the Aragon region (North-Eastern Spain), in a ca. 5 km radius area located in the mid Jalon river (mid Ebro Valley) in the province of Zaragoza, during 2000-2003. Eight years have now passed since this pathogen was last detected, without new infections being reported in the same area. The bases for surveys and rapid eradication performed have been analyzed in detail to understand the reasons for the success in removing fireblight. The results demonstrate that intensive surveillance, risk assessment, plant analyses using accurate identification methods, and, especially, rapid total or selective eradication of infected trees in the plots have been very effective in preventing the generalized spread of fireblight and in delaying economic losses associated with this disease. Eradication and compensation to growers, estimated to cost approx. (sic) 467,000, were clearly counterbalanced by the economic value of apple and pear production in the 2000-2003 period (approx. (sic) 368 million). Fire blight risk-assessment, using the MARYBLYT system, showed that climatic conditions in the studied area were favourable to infections during the analyzed period (1997-2006). Molecular characterization of E. amylovora strains had revealed their homogeneity, suggesting that these fire blight episodes could have been caused by just one inoculum source, supporting the hypothesis that there was a unique introduction of E. amylovora in the studied area. Spatial spread of E. amylovora to trees was analyzed within six orchards, indicating an aggregated distribution model. This Spanish experience demonstrates the success of scientifically-based prevention methods that lead to the deployment of a fast and strict containment strategy, useful for other Mediterranean areas

Criteria for efficient prevention of dissemination and successful eradication of Erwinia amylovora (the cause of fire blight) in Aragon, Spain

Erwinia amylovora was detected on pome fruits in the Aragon region (North-Eastern Spain), in a ca. 5 km radius area located in the mid Jalon river (mid Ebro Valley) in the province of Zaragoza, during 2000-2003. Eight years have now passed since this pathogen was last detected, without new infections being reported in the same area. The bases for surveys and rapid eradication performed have been analyzed in detail to understand the reasons for the success in removing fireblight. The results demonstrate that intensive surveillance, risk assessment, plant analyses using accurate identification methods, and, especially, rapid total or selective eradication of infected trees in the plots have been very effective in preventing the generalized spread of fireblight and in delaying economic losses associated with this disease. Eradication and compensation to growers, estimated to cost approx. (sic) 467,000, were clearly counterbalanced by the economic value of apple and pear production in the 2000-2003 period (approx. (sic) 368 million). Fire blight risk-assessment, using the MARYBLYT system, showed that climatic conditions in the studied area were favourable to infections during the analyzed period (1997-2006). Molecular characterization of E. amylovora strains had revealed their homogeneity, suggesting that these fire blight episodes could have been caused by just one inoculum source, supporting the hypothesis that there was a unique introduction of E. amylovora in the studied area. Spatial spread of E. amylovora to trees was analyzed within six orchards, indicating an aggregated distribution model. This Spanish experience demonstrates the success of scientifically-based prevention methods that lead to the deployment of a fast and strict containment strategy, useful for other Mediterranean areas

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Acta horticulturae

A strain of Erwinia amylovora (IVIA 1614-2a) was isolated in Segovia (central Spain) in 1996 from an outbreak of fire blight. E. amylovora was isolated from a Crataegus sp. which showed symptoms of the disease. The morphology of the colonies on several media (King’s B, SNA, CCT) was identical to that of reference strains. The strain was positive by ELISA using specific monoclonal antibodies, but not by PCR using primers designed from sequences of the plasmid pEA29. Nevertheless, the strain amplified with primers designed from chromosomic regions. The biochemical characterization using commercial strips API20E, API20NE, API50CH, and fatty acid profile gave the same results as the reference strain CFBP1430. On the other hand, strain IVIA 1614-2a resembled one E. amylovora strain cured from plasmid pEA29 in the slow growth in minimal medium without thiamine. The analyses of the plasmid content showed that it contains one plasmid of approx. 70 kb, with no homology with pEA29, reported as an ubiquitous plasmid present in pathogenic E. amylovora strains. This was demonstrated by comparing their restriction profiles using three enzymes and by hybridisation of the plasmid fragments obtained using the pEA29 as probe. Several virulence assays on pear and apple plants and fruits showed that this isolate had virulence levels similar to other pathogenic strains containing the pEA29 plasmid. As far as we know, this is the first report of the isolation from naturally infected plant material of a fully virulent strain of E. amylovora without plasmid pEA29

An Indigenous Virulent Strain of Erwinia amylovora Lacking the Ubiquitous Plasmid pEA29

An atypical strain of Erwinia amylovora was isolated near an outbreak of fire blight at a nursery in Spain in 1996. It was obtained from a Crataegus plant showing typical symptoms and was identified as E. amy-lovora by biochemical tests and enrichment-enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay, but not by polymerase chain reaction using primers based on the pEA29 sequence. Nevertheless, with primers from chromosomal regions, the isolate gave the expected amplification band. This strain carries one plasmid of ≈70 kb, with no homology with the 29-kb plasmid common to all pathogenic strains, or with a large plasmid present in some E. amylovora strains. Growth of the strain in minimal medium without thiamine was slower compared with cultures in the same medium with thiamine, a characteristic typical of strains cured of the 29-kb plasmid. Nevertheless, aggressiveness assays on pear, apple, and Pyracantha plants and in immature pear fruit showed that this strain exhibited a virulence level similar to other strains containing pEA29. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation from naturally infected plant material of a pathogenic strain of E. amylovora without pEA29, but with a plasmid of ≈70 kb not previously described

Smoking during and 1-month after discharge in Southern European countries (Spain and Portugal)

Smoking prevalence is still high in Southern European countries. Smokers are frequent users of hospitals and hospital admission might be an adequate moment for quitting. The aim of this study was to assess changes in smoking status, willingness to quit, and quit attempts among current smokers during hospitalization and one-month after discharge.The project ISCI-SEC was funded by Global Bridges Mayo Clinic (Pfizer Medical Group; GB-25678023: Independent Grants for Learning and Change (IGLC).AF, CM, ME, LA were supported by the Ministry of Research and Universities from the Government of Catalonia (2017SGR319). EF was also supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Government of Spain, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (INT16/00211 and INT17/00103). CM was also supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Government of Spain, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (INT17/00116) and Ministry of Health from the Government of Catalonia (PERIS No 9015-586920/2017)Portuguese national funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) within the framework of the CIEC (Research Center for Child Studies of the University of Minho) project under the reference UID/CED/00317/201

La orientación académica y profesional en la ESO : el plan de orientación : propuestas de innovación

La orientación académica y profesional es un proceso que se desarrolla durante toda la Educación Secundaria, y que adquiere una especial relevancia cuando el alumno debe escoger materias optativas. Es importante también en aquellos momentos en los que la elección puede condicionar en gran medida el futuro académico y profesional de los estudiantes: itinerarios académicos en Bachillerato o ciclos formativos de Formación Profesional. Se reflexiona sobre la orientación académica y se dan pautas para la elaboración del Plan de Orientación Académica y Profesional que debe seguir un centro, especificando la normativa, elementos que lo componen, metodología, actividades, seguimiento y evaluación de este. Por último, se incluyen algunas propuestas de innovación.AndalucíaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

Los alumnos con necesidades específicas de apoyo educativo : la discapacidad cognitiva : características de orientaciones educativas : su integración en la ESO

Se profundiza en las necesidades educativas de los alumnos con discapacidad cognitiva, con el fin de ayudar al profesorado a que conozca un poco más las necesidades y dificultades que tienen estos alumnos para relacionarse con el entorno y orientar así los procesos de intervención docente. Se trata tanto la discapacidad cognitiva, como las características físicas, psíquicas, afectivas y sociales de este tipo de alumnado. Se trata de la orientación educativa para la integración de estos alumnos en la ESO, las adaptaciones curriculares a realizar y la metodología a seguir. Se concluye que la atención a la diversidad del alumnado con discapacidad cognitiva o retraso mental, debe partir de un trabajo en equipo donde la familia colabore y actue como catalizador de las ayudas de los docentes y agentes sociales.AndalucíaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]