An Analysis Of Official Travel Done By Vocational Agriculture Teachers

INTRODUCTION Among the minimum requirements set up in the smith-Hughes Act for vocational education in Agriculture in the schools of the states was one that stipulated, that such schools shall provide directed or supervised practice in agriculture, either on a farm provided by the school or other farms, for at least six months, Thus we have implied in the act from the very beginning, required home visitation on the part of the teacher of vocational agriculture. In order to meet this requirement, the vocational agriculture teacher becomes the first classroom teacher, who because of the act, had to make home visits. The legal requirement that provides that students do six months practice work under the supervision of the teacher is also largely responsible for the employment of teachers of vocational agriculture for a period of twelve months. During the late spring, summer, and early fall, he Is available for advice and consultation to those practicing under his supervision. Under the provisions of the act, it became necessary for the teacher of vocational agriculture to do the amount of travel consistent with the development of an effective program for an entire year. Although travel was strongly implied in the original act the teacher in many instances, made the necessary home visits, attended conferences, and did other travel at his own expense. However, as early as 1926 schmidt noted that from $15.00 to$25.00 per month, and as much as $200.00 to$300.00 per year was allowed by some school districts for travel. This was in addition to the regular salary. At that time the practice varied among the many school districts that employed vocational agriculture teachers. It was not until the George-Barden Act was passed and put into effect In 1946, did the problem become settled. This act provided the use of federal funds for travel of teachers. The States were left the responsibility in their plana to define necessary travel expanse, list specific hinds of travel for which federal reimbursement could be made, and set up policies to govern the use of such funds

Agenda setting and presidential power in the United States

Richard Neustadt (1960) started a revolution of sorts for future scholars examining the American presidency. It was Neustadt who introduced the notion of a personal president, holding personal power and acting in ways that had implications beyond those powers formally granted to the president in the Constitution. Starting with the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt, the public has looked to the president to be assertive, energetic, and solve problems. Roosevelt offered a New Deal with the American people, and was the first president to really reach into the homes of America. Now the presidency is a public presidency, subjected to very high expectations without the benefit of a similar amount of power. Presidents following Roosevelt would not only have the opportunity to advance a policy agenda, but in reality the advancement of a policy agenda would become more of an expectation. As such, the formation of an agenda has become an increasingly important part of the president\u27s job.;The focus of the dissertation will be to gain a better understanding of the construction of the president\u27s agenda, how the president\u27s agenda relates to that of Congress and the media, and finally, whether or not the power to set the agenda has an impact on a broader mobilization of interests in the American political system. The findings demonstrate that presidential attention to American political issue areas both responds to and shapes the political environment, and as such is a critical component of presidential power

Developing a Georgia Policy Database: a Research Proposal

Scholars of state and local politics have long faced the problem of data availability. The crux of the problem is consistent and reliable measures that are amenable analysis over time or across states. The problem with data on the state or local level is one of information retrieval. Such tasks are especially laborious, and are necessarily focused on a small part of a much broader system of policy dynamics. The lack of a systematic framework for data collection or analysis makes projects that focus on a time span of longer than a few years or more than a handful of issues difficult to achieve without substantial resources

Does Child Sponsorship Pay Off in Adulthood? An International Study of Impacts on Income and Wealth

We estimate the impact of international child sponsorship on adult income and wealth of formally sponsored children using data on 10,144 individuals in six countries. To identify causal effects, we utilize an age-eligibility rule followed from 1980 to 1992 that limited sponsorship to children 12 years old or younger when the program was introduced in a village, allowing comparisons of sponsored children with older siblings who were slightly too old to be sponsored. Estimations indicate that international child sponsorship increased monthly income by $13-19 over an untreated baseline of$75, principally from inducing higher future labor market participation. We also find strong evidence for positive impacts on dwelling quality in adulthood, and modest evidence of impacts on adult ownership of consumer durables, limited to increased ownership of mobile phones

Does International Child Sponsorship Work? A Six-Country Study of Impacts on Adult Life Outcomes

Child sponsorship is a leading form of direct aid from wealthy country households to children in developing countries. Over 9 million children are supported through international sponsorship organizations. Using data from six countries, we estimate impacts on several outcomes from sponsorship through Compassion International, a leading child sponsorship organization. To identify program effects, we utilize an age-eligibility rule implemented when programs began in new villages. We find large, statistically significant impacts on years of schooling; primary, secondary, and tertiary school completion; and the probability and quality of employment. Early evidence suggests that these impacts are due, in part, to increases in children’s aspirations

The role of religion in ethnic self-identity :

This study was concerned with the processes of adaptation exhibited and undertaken by the almost 12,000 Vietnamese people in Oklahoma City. Specifically, it seeks to examine the employment of religion, primarily Buddhism and Catholicism, and the role or roles it plays in the resettlement process. From this examination a model of ethnicity has emerged among the dynamics of cultural contact as the best manner in which to understand the adaptive process.With the unification of North and South Vietnam in 1975, one of the largest mass movements of people in modern history began. Many Vietnamese who had supported the United States presence in their homeland fled the approaching army from the north. Many of the refugee people chose to enter the United States and since the initial period of entry more than 650,000 Southeast Asian refugees have arrived in America.Data was gathered via personal interviews, participant observation, and archival research. More than 213 informal interviews were conducted

Depressive symptoms in asymptomatic stage B heart failure with Type II diabetic mellitus.

BackgroundThe presence of concomitant Type II diabetic mellitus (T2DM) and depressive symptoms adversely affects individuals with symptomatic heart failure (HF).HypothesisIn presymptomatic stage B HF, this study hypothesized the presence of greater inflammation and depressive symptoms in T2DM as compared to non-T2DM Stage B patients.MethodsThis cross-sectional study examined clinical parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, and depressive symptoms in 349 T2DM and non-T2DM men with asymptomatic stage B HF (mean age 66.4 years ±10.1; range 30-91).ResultsFewer diabetic HF patients had left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (P < .05) although more had LV diastolic dysfunction (P < .001). A higher percentage of T2DM HF patients were taking ACE-inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, statins, and diuretics (P values < .05). T2DM HF patients had higher circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (P < .01), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < .01), and soluble ST2 (sST2) (P < .01) and reported more somatic/affective depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II) (P < .05) but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms (P = .20). Among all patients, in a multiple regression analysis predicting presence of somatic/affective depressive symptoms, sST2 (P = .026), IL-6 (P = .010), B-type natriuretic peptide (P = .016), and sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [P < .001]) were significant predictors (overall model F = 15.39, P < .001, adjusted R2 = .207).ConclusionsSomatic/affective but not cognitive/affective depressive symptoms are elevated in asymptomatic HF patients with T2DM patients. Linkages with elevated inflammatory and cardiac relevant biomarkers suggest shared pathophysiological mechanisms among T2DM HF patients with somatic depression, and these conditions are responsive to routine interventions, including behavioral. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Pannexin 1 inhibition delays maturation and improves development of Bos taurus oocytes

© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Intercellular exchange between the oocyte and its surrounding cells within the follicular environment is critical for oocyte maturation and subsequent development. In vertebrates this exchange is facilitated through gap junctions formed by connexin membrane proteins. Another family of membrane proteins called pannexins are able to form single membrane channels that allow cellular exchanges with the extracellular environment. The most ubiquitously expressed and studied member, pannexin 1 (PANX1), has yet to be described thoroughly in female reproductive tissues or functionally studied during oocyte maturation. Here, we look into the expression of pannexin 1 in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs), as well as, its potential role in oocyte maturation and development. Results: We show that pannexin 1 is expressed in bovine COCs and that the expression of PANX1 was significantly lower in COCs isolated from large antral follicles (\u3e 5 mm) compared to those isolated from small antral follicles (\u3c 2 mm). Supporting this we also found lower expression of PANX1 in oocytes with higher developmental potential when compared to oocytes with lower developmental potential. We further found that PANX1 channel inhibition during in vitro maturation resulted in temporarily delayed meiotic maturation and improved in vitro developmental outcomes while decreasing intercellular reactive oxygen species. Conclusions: These data suggests PANX1 is differentially expressed at a critical stage of follicular development when oocytes are acquiring developmental competence, and may play a role in the timing of oocyte maturation

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 18 Number 1

Alumnae Notes Central Dressing Room Committee Reports Digest of Alumnae Association Meetings Graduation Awards - 1952 Greetings from Miss Childs Greetings from the President Marriages Modern Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Necrology New Arrivals Physical Advances at Jefferson Hospital - 1953 Staff Activities - 1952-1953 Student Activities The Artificial Heart Lung Machin