Parity-Time Anti-Symmetric Parametric Amplifier

We describe the process of parametric amplification in a directional coupler of quadratically nonlinear and lossy waveguides, which belong to a class of optical systems with spatial parity-time (PT) symmetry in the linear regime. We identify a distinct spectral parity-time anti-symmetry associated with optical parametric interactions, and show that pump-controlled symmetry breaking can facilitate spectrally selective mode amplification in analogy with PT lasers. We also establish a connection between breaking of spectral and spatial mode symmetries, revealing the potential to implement unconventional regimes of spatial light switching through ultrafast control of PT breaking by pump pulses.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

UA94/6/1 A Survey of Basketball at Western Kentucky State Teachers College Under the Leadership of E.A. Didlde from 1923-1947

This survey has grown out of a desire for myself, as well as others, to complete a record of all varsity basketball team statistics since Mr. E.A. Diddle joined the Western Kentucky Normal School staff in September 1922, in which capacity he served as coach of all sports until the fall of 1929, since that time as head basketball coach. The main purpose of this survey is to compile a statistical record of actually what Western varsity basketball teams have done in the past, present and what they probably will do in the future. To introduce many interesting facts and figures regarding Western\u27s past performances, and to recall, or to have on hand a near accurate record of the basketball achievements of the men who participated in these contests. The record compiled here range only during Mr. Diddle\u27s coaching reign, 1923-1947. These are only for varsity basketball teams which he has coached during this period of years. These records are near complete and correct as past records, newspaper clippings, and old Western scorebooks will show

Improving Number Sense Using Number Talks

This action research study examines the effects of using number talks instruction in the second grade classroom on number sense/critical thinking in mathematics. The sample included 47 students from two second grade classes in two suburban public elementary schools serving mostly upper middle class neighborhoods. For four weeks in the middle of the second trimester, an experimental group was exposed to the teaching of math through number talks, in addition to their regular math instruction. A control group was instructed using their regular methods and curriculum. Both groups were given a pretest and posttest of “rich math tasks.” Comparison data showed that there was not a significant difference found between the experimental group and the control group

UA94/6/1 Scrapbook

Scrapbook compiled by WKU alum Charles Ruter regarding his career as an Olympic track and field judge. Articles date from 1980 through 2004

Letter from Martin Ruter to James B. Finley

Ruter (now president of Augusta College in Kentucky) asks Finley to write to the father of young Keever, a student, persuading him to allow his son to remain in school. He also discusses a local preacher in the area who is attempting to convert faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal Church to Radicalism. Ruter argues that this reform movement is largely driven by local preachers. Abstract Number - 1016https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/2000/thumbnail.jp

Letter from Martin Ruter to James B. Finley

Ruter reports that about 100 members have been added at Chillicothe, and about 400 to Brother Young\u27s district since Conference. Ruter has a barrel of clothing for the Mission, but has no means of getting it to Upper Sandusky. Ruter is not prepared to take any of the drafts which Finley has submitted due to lack of funds. Availability of funds will be greatly improved if the rumored bank is actually established in Cincinnati. Abstract Number - 1012https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1996/thumbnail.jp

The Seed of Principate: Annona and Imperial Politics

From my study of the annona, I propose a new perspective on the transition between the Republic and the Principate. Each of the big three imperial historians account for the Principate in terms of personal politics and preferences of the “great man” Augustus (Div. Aug. 28; Rom. His. 52.1; Ann. 1.2). By contrast, I argue that the Principate represents the long-term political result of growing social inequality in Rome. From an equalitarian society of yodel-men farmers and shepherds in the 2nd BCE, Rome had evolved into an unequal society by the 2nd CE, where the top 11.15% controlled an estimated 40% of the national income.[1] As income inequality arose, the competition between rich and poor, the optimates and populares, over the bounty of the Empire paralyzed the politics of the Roman Republic. In the deadlock of the late Republic, the Senate proved unwilling or unable to respond to the new needs of Rome and its extensive empire. Deadlock devolved into deadly civil war. To rebuild the Roman state from its ruin, Augustus and his successors created the Principate and its governance institutions on the basis of “Republican” precedent. Since Augustus could not equalize the distribution of wealth and power between the Emperor and his Senators, the Principate proved provisional. [1]Scheidel and Friesen 2009: 62

Large bore natural gas engine performance improvements and combustion stabilization through reformed natural gas precombustion chamber fueling

Includes bibliographical references.Lean combustion is a standard approach used to reduce NOx emissions in large bore natural gas engines. However, at lean operating points, combustion instabilities and misfires give rise to high total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. To counteract this effect, pre-combustion chamber (PCC) technology is employed to allow engine operation at an overall lean equivalence ratio while mitigating the rise of THC and CO caused by combustion instability and partial and complete misfires. A PCC is a small chamber, typically 1-2% of the clearance volume. A separate fuel line supplies gaseous fuel to the PCC and a standard spark plug ignites the slightly rich mixture (1.1 < Φ < 1.2) in the PCC. The ignited PCC mixture enters the main combustion chamber as a high energy flame jet, igniting the lean mixture in the main chamber. Typically, natural gas fuels both the main cylinder and the PCC. In the current work reported herein, a mixture of reformed natural gas (syngas) and natural gas fuels the PCC. Syngas is a broad term that refers to a synthetic gaseous fuel. In this case, syngas specifically denotes a mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and methane generated in a natural gas reformer. Syngas has a faster flame speed and a wider equivalence ratio range of operation. Fueling the PCC with syngas reduces combustion instabilities and misfires. This extends the overall engine lean limit, enabling further NOx reductions. Research results presented are aimed at quantifying the benefits of syngas PCC fueling. A model is developed to predict the equivalence ratio in the PCC for different mixtures and flow rates of PCC fuel. An electronic injection valve is used to supply the PCC with syngas. The delivery pressure, injection timing, and flow rates are varied to optimize PCC equivalence ratio. The two syngas mixtures evaluated contain the same ratio of hydrogen to carbon monoxide but different levels of nitrogen diluent. The syngas with the higher nitrogen content is denoted syngas 1 while syngas 2 specifies the lower nitrogen content syngas. Experimental results are presented for 80% syngas / 20% natural gas mixtures for each syngas PCC fueling scenario at 18" Hg intake manifold pressure. 80% syngas 1 / 20% natural gas PCC fueling resulted in an 18% reduction in NOx emission compared to natural gas fueling. Supplying the PCC with 80% syngas 2 / 20% natural gas improves combustion stability by 16% compared to natural gas PCC fueling. Increasing the intake manifold pressure to 22" Hg for 80% syngas 2 / 20% natural gas fueling provides an emission comparison at an equivalent combustion stability operating point. Comparing equivalent combustion stability operating points between syngas 2 and natural gas shows a 40% reduction in NOx emissions when fueling the PCC with 80% syngas 2 / 20% natural gas mixture compared to natural gas fueling. Experimental results are presented for varying PCC fuel mixtures of syngas 2 and natural gas at 18" Hg intake manifold pressure. Results show dramatic increases in combustion stability are realized for high syngas 2 mixtures (greater than 80% syngas 2). Reducing intake manifold boost for natural gas PCC fueling to 8.5" Hg produces equivalent main cylinder combustion stability compared to 100% syngas 2 PCC fueling at 18" Hg intake manifold pressure. NOx emission increases by 780% for natural gas PCC fueling at the equivalent combustion stability operating point compared to syngas 2 PCC fueling at 18" Hg intake manifold pressure

The Effects of Edaphic Parameters on the Application of an Electronic Moisture Controlling Device

A main concern for producers of container grown plants is optimal water relations. Most problems occur because of poor physi­cal properties of the media, container design, and poor irrigation practices. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the effects of container design on physical parameters of container media of differing bulk density and (2) to determine the effects of various edaphic parameters on the functioning of a new moisture controlling device (MCD), designed to optimize plant-media water relations. Four container designs and four media were tested to determine the following factors: total porosity, water-holding capacity, air space, and bulk density. As bulk density increased for the four media, total porosity decreased. An experimental prototype container with a fabric bottom, placed on a column of sand, resulted in removal of the perched water table, therefore increasing air space in a given medium. A newly developed moisture controlling device (MCD) was tested under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The MCD was influenced by different media, soluble salt levels, and different moisture levels. The MCD responded well over the range of moisture found in container media and should prove to be useful under conditions where other devices fail. Water utilization of container grown Coleus was monitored using the MCD and it was found that media was the dominant factor in the time to wilting of these plants under greenhouse conditions. Milliampere readings on the MCD were highly correlated with percent water holding capacity remaining in a con­tainer, though influenced by soluble salt level and media

Letter from Martin Ruter to James B. Finley

Ruter encloses a draft for $50, as Finley requested. He is also forwarding a number of magazines for Finley. The minutes from New York (unidentified meeting) have arrived. Once printed, Ruter will mail a copy to Finley. Francis Hicks (Wyandot boy studying in Cincinnati) is doing well. Abstract Number - 1014https://digitalcommons.owu.edu/finley-letters/1998/thumbnail.jp