The apelinergic system in the developing lung: expression and signaling

Apelin and its receptor APJ constitute a signaling pathway best recognized as an important regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis. This multifunctional peptidergic system is currently being described to be involved in embryonic events which extend into vascular, ocular and heart development. Additionally, it is highly expressed in pulmonary tissue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of apelinergic system during fetal lung development. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis were used to characterize apelin and APJ expression levels and cellular localization in normal fetal rat lungs, at five different gestational ages as well as in the adult. Fetal rat lung explants were cultured in vitro with increasing doses of apelin. Treated lung explants were morphometrically analyzed and assessed for MAPK signaling modifications. Both components of the apelinergic system are constitutively expressed in the developing lung, with APJ exhibiting monomeric, dimeric and oligomeric forms in the pulmonary tissue. Pulmonary epithelium also displayed constitutive nuclear localization of the receptor. Fetal apelin expression is higher than adult expression. Apelin supplementation inhibitory effect on branching morphogenesis was associated with a dose dependent decrease in p38 and JNK phosphorylation. The results presented provide the first evidence of the presence of an apelinergic system operating in the developing lung. Our findings also suggest that apelin inhibits fetal lung growth by suppressing p38 and JNK signaling pathways.This project was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (PTDC/SAU-OBD/108051/2008), PP was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (reference SFRH/BD/33410/2008). RSM was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (reference SFRH/BPD/15408/2005)

The role of Ephrins-B1 and - B2 during fetal rat lung development

Background/Aims: The knowledge of the molecular network that governs fetal lung branching is an essential step towards the discovery of novel therapeutic targets against pulmonary pathologies. Lung consists of two highly branched systems: airways and vasculature. Ephrins and its receptors, Eph, have been implicated in cardiovascular development, angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. This study aims to clarify the role of these factors during lung morphogenesis. Methods: Ephrins-B1, -B2 and receptor EphB4 expression pattern was assessed in fetal rat lungs between 15.5 and 21.5 days post-conception, by immunohistochemistry. Fetal rat lungs were harvested at 13.5 dpc, cultured during 4 days and treated with increasing doses of ephrins-B1 and -B2 and the activity of key signaling pathways was assessed. Results: Ephrin-B1 presents mesenchymal expression, whereas ephrin-B2 and its receptor EphB4 were expressed by the epithelium. Both ephrins stimulated pulmonary branching. Moreover, while ephrin-B1 did not affect the pathways studied, ephrin-B2 supplementation decreased activity of JNK, ERK and STAT. This study characterizes the expression pattern of ephrins-B1, -B2 and EphB4 receptor throughout rat lung development. Conclusion: Our data highlight a possible role of ephrins as molecular stimulators of lung morphogenesis. Moreover, it supports the idea that classical vascular factors might play a role as airway growth promoters.We would like to thank Luis Martins and Miguel Carneiro for histological technical support and help on animal euthanasia. This project was funded by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (PTDC/SAU-OBD/108051/2008). PPT was supported by POPH/ FSE by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (reference SFRH/BD/73660/2010) and FOP was supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (reference UMINHO/BII/172/2009)

STATs in lung development: distinct early and late expression, growth modulation and signaling dysregulation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a life-threatening developmental anomaly, intrinsically combining severe pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. During development, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) are utilized to elicit cell growth, differentiation, and survival.Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a life-threatening developmental anomaly, intrinsically combining severe pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. During development, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) are utilized to elicit cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Methods: We used the nitrofen-induced CDH rat model. At selected gestational time points, lungs were divided into two experimental groups, i.e., control or CDH. We performed immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis to investigate the developmental expression profile of the complete family of STATs (STAT1-6), plus specific STATs activation (p-STAT3, p-STAT6) and regulation by SOCS (SOCS3) in normal lungs against those of diseased lungs. The normal fetal lung explants were treated with piceatannol (STAT3 inhibitor) in vitro followed by morphometrical analysis. Results: Molecular profiling of STATs during the lung development revealed distinct early and late expression signatures. Experimental CDH altered the STATs expression, activation, and regulation in the fetal lungs. In particular, STAT3 and STAT6 were persistently over-expressed and early over-activated. Piceatannol treatment dose-dependently stimulated the fetal lung growth. Conclusion: These findings suggest that STATs play an important role during normal fetal lung development and CDH pathogenesis. Moreover, functionally targeting STAT signaling modulates fetal lung growth, which highlights that STAT3 and STAT6 signaling might be promising therapeutic targets in reducing or preventing pulmonary hypoplasia in CDH.Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme (COMPETE), Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020) - NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013, Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE PARADA CARDIORRESPIRATÓRIA NOS PERIÓDICOS BRASILEIROS DE ENFERMAGEM: ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO

Objetivo: analisar a produção científica sobre parada cardiorrespiratória nos periódicos brasileiros de enfermagem. Método: estudo bibliométrico realizado mediante acesso eletrônico aos websites das 14 revistas brasileiras de enfermagem, classificadas na Plataforma Sucupira, para análise dos artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2019. Resultados: foram analisados 18.266 artigos, dos quais 50 foram selecionados para integrar a amostra. Foi possível observar que 50% dos artigos foram publicados em periódicos de extrato Qualis A e 80% das produções foram derivadas da Região Sudeste. Em relação ao tipo de estudo, 54% foram descritivos e 64% quantitativos. Quanto à temática mais investigada, 28% retrataram o conhecimento dos enfermeiros e 22% contemplaram o treinamento da enfermagem sobre parada cardiorrespiratória. Conclusão: a produção científica dos periódicos brasileiros demonstrou predominância de artigos publicados em periódico Qualis A, oriundos da Região Sudeste, do tipo descritivo, quantitativos, que investigaram predominantemente o conhecimento e o treinamento dos profissionais.Descritores: Parada Cardiorrespiratória. Pesquisa em Enfermagem. Enfermagem. Bibliometria. Assistência de Enfermagem

Avaliação dos benefícios socioeconômicos em aplicações fotovoltaicas com finalidades produtivas : Caso Restaurante Grota de Angicos

Basada en experimentos anteriores bien sucedidos de aplicaciones de la tecnología fotovoltaica, con énfasis en la finalidad social, hechas en el Noreste brasileño, ha empezado, en el año de 2000, una nueva experiencia con el objeto de generación de ingresos a través del incentivo a las actividades productivas. El establecimiento elegido, un pequeño restaurante en el margen del Río São Francisco, es totalmente abastecido, en agua y energía, por sistemas fotovoltaicos. Los beneficios han sido contados por indicadores socio-económicos, antes e después del proyecto, con énfasis en el desarrollo de la renta familiar y el desenvolvimiento de la actividad turística del local. Los datos demuestran un gano de cerca del 145% en la renta. La transferencia de la tecnología se encuentra amparada por la presencia de iniciativas presentadas por los propios habitantes del hogar con la instalación de un aparato fotovoltaico para señalizar radio en un barco para la información durante la locomoción de turistas por el río, la ampliación de actividades generadoras de ingresos como el cultivos de peces en viveros y la implementación de alternativas operacionales para algunas ocurrencias técnicas que suelen depender de una asistencia más especializada.This paper describes a benefices socioeconomic evaluation in the productive activities using solar energy. The business is a restaurant localized in touristy region in Brazilian Northeast around Sao Francisco River. The restaurant works with solar energy for electricity and water pumping. The socioeconomic indicators show an increase of 145% in the family mensal income. This increase is proceeding of the increase of activities on the restaurants and the cost decreased. The proprietary is trained for operation and maintenance in the systems and has expanded his business whit news activities: fish culture orchard, kitchen garden and apiculture. Productive activities with photovoltaic energy, Benefices socioeconomic evaluation with removable energy.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Avaliação dos benefícios socioeconômicos em aplicações fotovoltaicas com finalidades produtivas : Caso Restaurante Grota de Angicos

Basada en experimentos anteriores bien sucedidos de aplicaciones de la tecnología fotovoltaica, con énfasis en la finalidad social, hechas en el Noreste brasileño, ha empezado, en el año de 2000, una nueva experiencia con el objeto de generación de ingresos a través del incentivo a las actividades productivas. El establecimiento elegido, un pequeño restaurante en el margen del Río São Francisco, es totalmente abastecido, en agua y energía, por sistemas fotovoltaicos. Los beneficios han sido contados por indicadores socio-económicos, antes e después del proyecto, con énfasis en el desarrollo de la renta familiar y el desenvolvimiento de la actividad turística del local. Los datos demuestran un gano de cerca del 145% en la renta. La transferencia de la tecnología se encuentra amparada por la presencia de iniciativas presentadas por los propios habitantes del hogar con la instalación de un aparato fotovoltaico para señalizar radio en un barco para la información durante la locomoción de turistas por el río, la ampliación de actividades generadoras de ingresos como el cultivos de peces en viveros y la implementación de alternativas operacionales para algunas ocurrencias técnicas que suelen depender de una asistencia más especializada.This paper describes a benefices socioeconomic evaluation in the productive activities using solar energy. The business is a restaurant localized in touristy region in Brazilian Northeast around Sao Francisco River. The restaurant works with solar energy for electricity and water pumping. The socioeconomic indicators show an increase of 145% in the family mensal income. This increase is proceeding of the increase of activities on the restaurants and the cost decreased. The proprietary is trained for operation and maintenance in the systems and has expanded his business whit news activities: fish culture orchard, kitchen garden and apiculture. Productive activities with photovoltaic energy, Benefices socioeconomic evaluation with removable energy.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Avaliação dos benefícios socioeconômicos em aplicações fotovoltaicas com finalidades produtivas : Caso Restaurante Grota de Angicos

Basada en experimentos anteriores bien sucedidos de aplicaciones de la tecnología fotovoltaica, con énfasis en la finalidad social, hechas en el Noreste brasileño, ha empezado, en el año de 2000, una nueva experiencia con el objeto de generación de ingresos a través del incentivo a las actividades productivas. El establecimiento elegido, un pequeño restaurante en el margen del Río São Francisco, es totalmente abastecido, en agua y energía, por sistemas fotovoltaicos. Los beneficios han sido contados por indicadores socio-económicos, antes e después del proyecto, con énfasis en el desarrollo de la renta familiar y el desenvolvimiento de la actividad turística del local. Los datos demuestran un gano de cerca del 145% en la renta. La transferencia de la tecnología se encuentra amparada por la presencia de iniciativas presentadas por los propios habitantes del hogar con la instalación de un aparato fotovoltaico para señalizar radio en un barco para la información durante la locomoción de turistas por el río, la ampliación de actividades generadoras de ingresos como el cultivos de peces en viveros y la implementación de alternativas operacionales para algunas ocurrencias técnicas que suelen depender de una asistencia más especializada.This paper describes a benefices socioeconomic evaluation in the productive activities using solar energy. The business is a restaurant localized in touristy region in Brazilian Northeast around Sao Francisco River. The restaurant works with solar energy for electricity and water pumping. The socioeconomic indicators show an increase of 145% in the family mensal income. This increase is proceeding of the increase of activities on the restaurants and the cost decreased. The proprietary is trained for operation and maintenance in the systems and has expanded his business whit news activities: fish culture orchard, kitchen garden and apiculture. Productive activities with photovoltaic energy, Benefices socioeconomic evaluation with removable energy.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Aplicações tecnológicas com fontes renováveis : Cocção solar em comunidades na região de Xingó

La inserción de la tecnología de cocción solar en la región de Xingó, semi-árido/NE/Brasil, envuelve además del desarrollo del equipo adaptado a las condiciones socio ambientales de la región, la capacitación de los usuarios en el manejo del horno y fundamentalmente lo acompañamiento de la utilización del equipo en el día a día de los mismos. La alteración en el consumo de leña y de lo carbón es adoptada como el principal factor de evaluación. Los beneficios socioeconómicos detectados atestan la gran importancia de esa iniciativa: reducción media mensual por familia de cerca de 70% en el uso de leña y de 75% en el uso del carbón y la no-utilización del GLP como substitución; quema evitada de cerca de 330 kg/mes y 135kg/mes de leña y carbón respectivamente. La proyección anual indica que podará ser evitada la quema de cerca de 8 ton/año de leña e 3,3 ton/año de carbón con la utilización de los hornos solares por las 18 familias. Los estudios sistemáticos también acompañan las dificultades, fallas del equipo, cambios de hábitos y diversificación en lo preparo de alimentos.This paper reports the development of a prototype solar over, the FOGSOLAR_FAE This conceptual is based on a solar over box with concentrator mirrors. The results shows that 100 to 140 ºC is obtained in the grill base of the over and it continuous with up 85ºC for 5 to 8 hours at an average daily radiation above 5,0 kWh/m², which permits many processes of grilling and also cooking of foodstuffs can be carried out. 18 families are using the solar over in the Xingó Region. About 4 ton of firewood and 1,6 ton of coal were not burned in 6 month of used of the solar over.Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES

Characterization of miRNA processing machinery in the embryonic chick lung

Lung development is a very complex process that relies on the interaction of several signaling pathways that are controlled by precise regulatory mechanisms. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding regulatory RNAs, have emerged as new players involved in gene expression regulation controlling several biological processes, such as cellular differentiation, apoptosis and organogenesis, in both developmental and disease processes. Failure to correctly express some specific miRNAs or a component of their biosynthetic machinery during embryonic development is disastrous, resulting in severe abnormalities. Several miRNAs have already been identified as modulators of lung development. Regarding the spatial distribution of the processing machinery of miRNAs, only two of its members (dicer1 and argonaute) have been characterized. The present work characterizes the expression pattern of drosha, dgcr8, exportin-5 and dicer1 in early stages of the embryonic chick lung by whole mount in situ hybridization and cross-section analysis. Overall, these genes are co-expressed in dorsal and distal mesenchyme and also in growing epithelial regions. The expression pattern of miRNA processing machinery supports the previously recognized regulatory role of this mechanism in epithelial and mesenchymal morphogenesis.QRE