Designing for tacit learning: an investigation of design strategies for multimedia supported learning in the crafts

There is an increasing interest and activity in the design of interactive multimedia to support learning in all fields of education and training. However, most of the theory to support such developments is concerned with learning explicit knowledge and there is little guidance available to designers of material for learning in areas with an element of tacit knowledge such as craft skills. This paper describes the foundation work for a long-term project concerned with learning in traditional rural crafts but with the intention to provide a methodological framework for the design of multimedia-based learning in all areas of craft knowledge. A review of established theory of learning and the use of multimedia for learning in areas of explicit knowledge indicates some important basic principles, for example the need to understand the interaction between the teacher and learner in the context of the subject being taught and the need for clear narrative structures to avoid students becoming "lost" in the multiple pathways of interactive media. Observational studies of learning using educational video in a craft context and a study of an experienced craftsman/teacher teaching a group of learners, complemented by study of learning in related contexts, have allowed problems and issues to be identified and design strategies to be developed. While these are provisional they provide an overview of the design problems and have been used to plan a programme of experimental design and evaluation to test and develop principles of effective multimedia design for craft learning. </p

Micro-Sigmoids as Progenitors of Coronal Jets - Is Eruptive Activity Self-Similarly Multi-Scaled?

Observations from the X-ray telescope (XRT) on Hinode are used to study the nature of X-ray bright points, sources of coronal jets. Several jet events in the coronal holes are found to erupt from small-scale, S-shaped bright regions. This finding suggests that coronal micro-sigmoids may well be progenitors of coronal jets. Moreover, the presence of these structures may explain numerous observed characteristics of jets such as helical structures, apparent transverse motions, and shapes. In analogy to large-scale sigmoids giving rise to coronal mass ejections (CMEs), a promising future task would perhaps be to investigate whether solar eruptive activity, from coronal jets to CMEs, is self-similar in terms of properties and instability mechanisms.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

A middleware for a large array of cameras

Large arrays of cameras are increasingly being employed for producing high quality image sequences needed for motion analysis research. This leads to the logistical problem with coordination and control of a large number of cameras. In this paper, we used a lightweight multi-agent system for coordinating such camera arrays. The agent framework provides more than a remote sensor access API. It allows reconfigurable and transparent access to cameras, as well as software agents capable of intelligent processing. Furthermore, it eases maintenance by encouraging code reuse. Additionally, our agent system includes an automatic discovery mechanism at startup, and multiple language bindings. Performance tests showed the lightweight nature of the framework while validating its correctness and scalability. Two different camera agents were implemented to provide access to a large array of distributed cameras. Correct operation of these camera agents was confirmed via several image processing agents

Letter from Horatio N. Rust to John Muir, 1894 Aug 31.

South Pasadena Aug 31st 94John Muir EsqMy Dear SirHow time flies. I cannot realize that more than one year has passed since I enjoyed so much our visit at Cal [Silles?]. I had hoped to meet you and hear of your trip abroad which I hope was a pleasant one.I remained with Mr. Logan and the Fair until it was over and we had collected what morsels we could for [Beloit?] The collection is now installed in nice cases in the College museum very much to my satisfaction. Thanks to Mr. Logans generosity.We are very hopeful that some day we may have the pleasure of seeing you at my home here. Please accept a perpetual invitation to visit us.I am anxious to learn from you if you think that genuine Glacial markings are to be seen along the course of the [Angen Seco.?] just on the west side of Pasadena I ask because some people have recently claim to have discovered such evidences at or near a narrow gorge called01842 called the Devils Gate I have not seen them and was not aware that such evidences had been found in this vicinity. We were told some two years ago that a Glacier had been discovered on Greyback east of San Bernardino but that has not been [illegible]Will you please write me if such evidences are known to you in this [Sierra Madr.?] range or how far south such evidences are knownI venture to trouble you with another request. Vis In your [illegible] of a visit to San Antonio you speak of having seen the mountains full of Lillies in the full pomp of bloom. Will you tell me the proper name of the variety you speak of is it what is commonly called the Humbolt Lilly and if so can you tell me how it received that name. I will also ask if you will write me of the Lilly upon a sheet separate from any thing else as I may want to send the information to a third party and would like to send it in your handwriting.Hoping this may not burden a busy life too much I assure you a reply will be duly appreciated byYour friendHoratio N [Rusk?

The Resonance Peak in Sr2_2RuO4_4: Signature of Spin Triplet Pairing

We study the dynamical spin susceptibility, $\chi({\bf q}, \omega)$, in the normal and superconducting state of Sr$_2$RuO$_4$. In the normal state, we find a peak in the vicinity of ${\bf Q}_i\simeq (0.72\pi,0.72\pi)$ in agreement with recent inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments. We predict that for spin triplet pairing in the superconducting state a {\it resonance peak} appears in the out-of-plane component of $\chi$, but is absent in the in-plane component. In contrast, no resonance peak is expected for spin singlet pairing.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, final versio

Observational Evidence for Coronal Twisted Flux Rope

Multi-instrument data sets of NOAA AR10938 on Jan. 16, 2007, (e.g., {\emph{Hinode}}, {\it{STEREO}}, {\it{GOES}}, {\it{MLSO}} and {\it{ISOON}} H$\alpha$) are utilized to study the fine structure and evolution of a magnetic loop system exhibiting multiple crossing threads, whose arrangement and individual shapes are very suggestive of individual field lines in a flux rope. The footpoints of the magnetic threads are closely rooted into pores and plage areas. A C-class flare recorded by {\it{GOES}} at approximately 2:35 UT near one of the footpoints of the multi-thread system (along with a wisp of loop material shown by EUV data) led to the brightening of the magnetic structure revealing its fine structure with several threads that indicate a high degree of linking (suggesting a left-handed helical pattern as shown by the filament structure formed later-on). EUV observations by {\emph{Hinode}}/EIS of hot spectral lines at 2:46 UT show a complex structure of coronal loops. The same features were observed about 20 minutes later in X-ray images from {\emph{Hinode}}/XRT and about 30 minutes further in EUV images of {\it{STEREO}}/SECCHI/EUVI with much better resolution. H$\alpha$ and 304 {\AA} images revealed the presence of several filament fibrils in the same area. They evolved a few hours later into a denser structure seemingly showing helical structure, which persistently lasted for several days forming a segment of a larger scale filament. The present observations provide an important indication for a flux robe as a precursor of a solar filament.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Self-organization of gold atoms on a polar FeO(111) surface

The spatial distribution of single Au atoms on a thin FeO film has been investigated by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. The adatoms preferentially adsorb on distinct sites of the Moiré cell formed by the oxide layer and the Pt(111) support and arrange into a well-ordered hexagonal superlattice with 25 Å lattice constant. The self-organization is the consequence of an inhomogeneous surface potential within the FeO Moiré cell and substantial electrostatic repulsion between the adatoms

Surface potential of a polar oxide film: FeO on Pt(111)

We have studied a thin FeO film on Pt(111) using scanning tunneling microscopy. The corrugation of the Moiré pattern, that arises due to a lattice mismatch between the oxide film and the substrate, is found to increase dramatically when the microscope is operated in the field-emission regime. This contrast enhancement can be attributed to variations in the energy at which field-emission resonances are observed. We assign this effect to variations of the surface potential within the Moiré unit cell. Using a simple electrostatic model we show that in this oxide film with polar termination, such variations can be induced by very subtle differences in geometry