Do Elinor Ostroms principles of successful institutions illuminate the challenges to participation in groundwater governance in South Africa? What limits are there to using Ostrom's principles to analyse groundwater governance challenged in South Africa?

Elinor Ostrom's research has opened up a field of study into locally developed institutions for commons governance and has successfully disproved the notion that it is impossible for individuals to address collective problems cooperatively (Ostrom, 1993:110). South Africa has a semi-arid country with scarce water resources. Multiple diverse users such as farmers, private citizens, companies, and municipalities draw groundwater. Groundwater governance involves water allocation, regulation and management through socially acceptable institutions. This relationship between government and society is fundamentally a political one (Rogers, Hall, 2003). A primary concern of the new draft National Groundwater Strategy is governance and enabling the participatory processes involved (Department of Water and Sanitation, 2016). By drawing on Ostrom's principles of successful institutions to analyze groundwater governance challenges in South Africa it is evident that while her principles help to focus inquiry and largely reflect the literature on challenges to groundwater governance in South Africa. That said, Ostrom's principles may present an image of what aspects successful institutions tend to have, but these do not help us to develop a comprehensive understanding of the South African social and economic challenges to participatory institutional development. In South Africa the challenges of inequality and marginalization, and resulting social dynamics, as well as the issues of government capacity to be both a central actor and facilitative actor, and when each role is appropriate, are significant challenges to the sustainable governance of groundwater resources. The question of how to address these challenges must be addressed by government and all stakeholders if local participation is to be encouraged in South Africa

Proving Cause in Fact under Washington\u27s Consumer Protection Act: The Case for a Rebuttable Presumption of Reliance

Under Washington\u27s Consumer Protection Act (CPA), parties must prove proximate cause to prevail in a private cause of action for damages. Proximate cause requires proof of cause in fact and legal causation. Traditionally, in a case in which a person has disseminated an affirmative representation in an attempt to induce a consumer to purchase a product, reliance provides evidence of cause in fact. Washington courts have not decided, however, which party has the burden of proving or disproving reliance. They also have not decided whether indirect proof of reliance is sufficient for proving cause in fact. This Comment argues that Washington courts should adopt a rebuttable presumption of causation in affirmative misrepresentation cases under the CPA on proof that a misrepresentation is material, widely disseminated, and that the consumer bought the product following the misrepresentation. The rebuttable presumption of causation best furthers the intent of the legislature because it is the test that federal courts use, it protects consumers, and it does not burden trade or commerce

Engineering Polymer Informatics

The poster describes a strategy of for the development of polymer informatics. In particular, the development of polymer markup language, a polymer ontology and natural language processing tools for polymer literature

Propagating Perfection: Eugenic Sterilization at the Utah State Training School, 1935 - 1974

Compulsory sterilization as a tool of eugenics occurred in the United States from before the U.S. Supreme Court upheld its’ constitutionality in 1927 until the early 1970s. Initial justification for removing a person’s ability to procreate was rooted in hereditarian assertions that disability was transmitted from parent to offspring, and incorporated an economic argument that individuals with disabilities placed a financial burden on the state for care. Due to scientific deconstruction of the hereditarian argument, rationalization for sterilization evolved into an anxiety over the perceived inability of the disabled to parent. The state of Utah sterilized 738 individuals with intellectual disabilities from 1935 to 1974. This paper explores how Utah was similar to other states in terms of implementing compulsory sterilization through the establishment of the Utah State Training School and the philosophy of its leadership team

Anatomical Design and Production of a Novel 3-Dimensional Co-Culture System Replicating the Human Flexor Digitorum Profundus Enthesis

The enthesis, the specialized junction between tendon and bone, is a common site of injury. Although notoriously difficult to repair, advances in interfacial tissue engineering techniques are being developed for restorative function. Most notably are 3D in vitro co-culture models, built to recreate the complex heterogeneity of the native enthesis. While cell and matrix properties are often considered, there has been little attention given to native enthesis anatomical morphometrics and replicating these to enhance clinical relevance. This study focuses on the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon enthesis and, by combining anatomical morphometrics with computer-aided design, demonstrates the design and construction of an accurate and scalable model of the FDP enthesis. Bespoke 3D-printed mould inserts were fabricated based on the size, shape and insertion angle of the FDP enthesis. Then, silicone culture moulds were created, enabling the production of bespoke anatomical culture zones for an in vitro FDP enthesis model. The validity of the model has been confirmed using brushite cement scaffolds seeded with osteoblasts (bone) and fibrin hydrogel scaffolds seeded with fibroblasts (tendon) in individual studies with cells from either human or rat origin. This novel approach allows a bespoke anatomical design for enthesis repair and should be applied to future studies in this area.<br/

Histomorphology of the subregions of the scapholunate ligament and its enthesis

Background  The scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) has three subregions: dorsal, proximal, and volar. The SLIL enthesis has not previously been studied despite its important mechanical function in wrist joint biomechanics. Questions/Purposes  This study aims to compare the histomorphological differences between the SLIL subregions, including at their entheses. Three questions are explored: Do the gross dimensions differ between SLIL subregions? Does the enthesis qualitatively, and its calcified fibrocartilage (CF) quantitatively, differ between (a) SLIL subregions and (b) scaphoid and lunate attachments? Methods  Twelve fresh-frozen human cadaveric wrists were dissected and the gross dimensions of the SLIL subregions measured. Subregions were histologically processed for morphological and compositional analyses, including quantification of enthesis CF area. Results  The dorsal subregion was the thickest. The dorsal and volar subregions had fibrocartilaginous entheses, while the proximal subregion was attached to articular cartilage. The dorsal subregion had significantly more CF than the volar subregion. There was no significant difference in the enthesis CF between scaphoid and lunate attachments in the three subregions. Conclusions  There are significant morphological differences between the SLIL subregions. The dorsal subregion has the largest amount of CF, which is consistent with the greater biomechanical force subjected to this subregion. The similar histomorphology of the ligament at the scaphoid and lunate entheses suggests that similar biomechanical forces are applied to both attachments. Clinical Relevance  The histomorphological results confirm that the dorsal subregion is the strongest of the three subregions. The results from the entheseal region may have important implications in the study of graft incorporation during SLIL reconstruction

2002-2003 Third Annual Mozart Birthday Concert

https://spiral.lynn.edu/conservatory_otherseasonalconcerts/1078/thumbnail.jp