Theofphilo : thesaurus of philosophy

This paper aims at presenting Theof Philo – Thesaurus of Philosophy, a multilingual philosophical thesaurus developed in the framework of the European project Agora. Scholarly Open Access Resource in European Philosophy and the CNR/MIUR project SM@RTINFRA-SSHCH. Smart Integrated infrastructure of Social Sciences, Humanities and Cultural Heritage. In this paper, we will describe the methodological approaches and the workflow followed in order to build the thesaurus. We will thus show the work processes, and the criteria adopted to select the relevant philosophical terms; then we will present the lexicographical sources used to select both the interlinguistic equivalents and their intralinguistic related terms (antonyms, synonyms and so on). We conclude our paper with a description of the searching and browsing options (by topics, by semantic annotations, etc.) and of the tools we used. We will finally discuss the tests carried out and some critical aspects emerging from the work

Présentation

La typologie est devenue une branche dynamique des recherches linguistiques et on tente de la mettre à contribution pour répondre aux grandes questions de la linguistique romane. En particulier, on y a recours pour interpréter les changements grammaticaux des langues romanes par rapport au latin. On a longtemps opposé les études historiques et les études typologiques, et la linguistique historique est restée longtemps en marge des débats de la typologie linguistique. Joindre la dimension hist..

Présentation du numéro

Ce numéro 84 de la revue en ligne Linx, Nouvelles perspectives sur les langues romanes à l’interface de la grammaire, porte sur la grammaire des langues romanes abordée d’un point de vue descriptif, théorique et formel. Il s’ouvre à différents choix théoriques, sans défendre un modèle particulier ; l’approche générale partagée par les articles est la grammaire explicite, même si tous les articles ont la même finalité, à savoir une analyse formelle des données empiriques. Il s’adresse aux cher..

Which competences and what managerial training for the health professions

The process of passage to be e-profit and loss organization following the reform of the Italian health system, especially in a context of fiscal federalism and administered competition among the public and private producers, causes implications on the competences of whom develops his/her own professional activity. The aim of the paper is to give some inputs for discussion about the training of manager: starting from the meaning of the word ?management? and using the model elaborated by Mintzberg and Simon with the purpose to identify who is involved in such training, trying to make explicit that the analysis of the organizational positions and the profile of the resource that will go to occupy it is a forced passage for building the training package and to make clear characteristics and contents of the training offer

Breaking the symmetry of geminates in diachrony and synchrony

Autosegmentalism invariably represents geminates in a symmetrical one-to-many relationship — as feature bundles or root nodes attached to two structural units: x-slots, moras, or C-slots. This symmetry, however, is often not reflected in their diachronic origin. For instance, in Blevins’ (2008) Type 1 pathway, only the second C of a consonant cluster (CC) ever determines the geminate: CxCy > CyCy, *CxCx (e.g. Latin > Italian). Moreover, although most synchronic processes identify geminates as symmetrical, there is an exception: geminate integrity. Unlike CCs and long vowels (LVs), geminates never ‘break’ by epenthesis: *CyCy > CyVCy. We propose that this is central to understanding the true nature of geminates, and present analyses in two frameworks. The first is ‘control by contiguity’, which uses head-dependent ‘control chains’ (Russo 2013). A control relation applies between a specified and an unspecified position: -C. Inalterability and integrity result from the asymmetry of the geminate’s positions. The second is based on Strict CV. This restricts a geminate’s melody to one of its two skeletal positions. Unlike CC and LVs, geminates do not involve a ‘trapped’ empty V position that could host epenthesis and cause breaking; the difference between LVs and geminates follows from framework-internal forces and suggests that melodic branching always requires licensing. These two approaches share the insight that the representation of geminates is not symmetrical, like that of long vowels

Environmental assessment of an automated impregnation process of carbon fiber tows

Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the environmental loads of an automated impregnation process of carbon fiber tows with a thermoset epoxy resin. A streamlined Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), in the "gate-to-gate" form, has been carried out, following the ISO 14040/44 methodology. This study has been focused on the following environmental impact categories: global warming potential (GWP), cumulative energy demand (CED) and water consumption. A single linear meter of manufactured towpreg has been chosen as functional unit. Simapro v. 8.5 and Ecoinvent v. 3.5 have been used respectively as LCA software and Life Cycle Inventory database

La diphtongaison romane et la métaphonie : le paradoxe du faible au fort

Classiquement, la métaphonie consiste dans l’action de la voyelle désinentielle atone sur la voyelle tonique précédente. Les auteurs remettent en question cette vue et posent que les voyelles désinentielles hautes, -i et -u, ne provoquent pas la diphtongaison de la voyelle tonique dans les langues romanes. L’approche adoptée (phonologie particulaire) permet de montrer, par une ionisation phonologique, que cette évolution peut s’interpréter, de même que tout changement spontané, comme une modification de l’interprétation de la sous-spécification segmentale. Ce processus a suivi la déphonologisation de la quantité vocalique en latin tardif. Dans la métaphonie, le nombre et le genre se réalisent parasitiquement sur la voyelle tonique. La marque morphologique interne peut être réduite à un élément, qui est interprété par combinaison avec d’autres matériaux vocaliques. Cet élément agit en bloquant une évolution spontanée (la diphtongaison) dans le vocalisme tonique. L’italoroman se situe donc entre deux types morphologiques : concaténatif et non concaténatif ; il se comporte comme les langues sémitiques à morphologies internes ou à « interdigitation ». Cet article montre que les divers types morphologiques attestés dans les langues peuvent n’être que des modalités de réalisation d’une même organisation sous-jacente. On s’interroge aussi sur les modalités de mise en relation entre une structure abstraite nécessaire (des têtes fonctionnelles ou catégorielles et leurs compléments) et sa réalisation phonologique. La syllabation garantit une réalisation linéaire successive des éléments morphologiques, mais elle est en mesure aussi de provoquer leur co-réalisation, dans un format de fusion. De cette manière, le contenu phonique des morphèmes spécifie l’interprétation de la dépendance structurale.Traditionally, metaphony is considered triggered by the inflexional unstressed high vowel with the adjustement of the tonic vowel towards the final vowel. The authors call into question this view and retain that the high inflexional vowels -i and -u do not cause the diphthongization of the tonic vowel in Romance languages. The particle phonology approach makes it possible to formulate through a phonological ionization that this evolution can be interpreted, just as any spontaneous change, as a modification of the segmental underspecification. This process took place following the dephonologisation of the vocalic quantity from Late Latin. In Classical Latin quantity was phonologically relevant. Subsequently quantity was automatically determined by the structure of the syllable : the tonic vowels were long in open syllables and short in closed syllables. In the metaphony, the number and the gender are carried out by the tonic vowel and the grammatical marking ensured by the inflexional vowel determines its anticipation on the tonic vowel. In this operation with internal marking, the morphological value can be reduced to an element which lends itself to an interpretation by combination with other vocalic material. This element is active by blocking a spontaneous evolution (the diphthongization) in tonic vocalism. Italo-Romance is thus located between two morphological types : the concatenative type and the non-concatenative type ; it behaves like Semitic languages with internal morphologies (interdigitation). This article highlights that the various morphological types attested in the languages can only be the two-mode realization of the same subjacent organization. In this article one also asks the question about how to relate an abstract necessary structure (composed by functional heads or category heads and their complements) and its phonological realization. Syllabification guarantees a linear successive realization of the morphological elements, but it is also able to provoke their co-realization in a format of fusion. In this way, the phonic content of the morphemes specifies the interpretation of the structural dependence

Backbone modified TBA analogues endowed with antiproliferative activity

Background: Thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) is endowed with antiproliferative properties but its potential development is counteracted by concomitant anticoagulant activity. Methods: Five oligonucleotides (ODNs) based on TBA sequence (GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG) and containing L-residues or both L-residues and inversion of polarity sites have been investigated by NMR and CD techniques for their ability to form G-quadruplex structures. Furthermore, their anticoagulant (PT assay) and antiproliferative properties (MTT assay), and their resistance in fetal bovine serum have been tested. Results: CD and NMR data suggest that investigated ODNs are able to form right- and left-handed G-quadruplex structures. All ODNs do not retain anticoagulant activity characteristic of TBA but are endowed with a significant antiproliferative activity against two cancerous cell lines. Their resistance in biological environment after six days is variable, depending on ODN. Conclusions: A comparison between results and literature data suggests that antiproliferative activity of TBA analogues investigated could depends on two factors: a) biological pathways and targets different from those already identified or proposed for other antiproliferative G-quadruplex aptamers, and b) contribution of the guanine-based degradation products. General significance: Modified TBA analogues containing L-residues and inversion of polarity sites lose the anticoagulant activity but gain antiproliferative properties against two cancer cell lines