Zero Sets for Spaces of Analytic Functions

We show that under mild conditions, a Gaussian analytic function $\boldsymbol F$ that a.s. does not belong to a given weighted Bergman space or Bargmann-Fock space has the property that a.s. no non-zero function in that space vanishes where $\boldsymbol F$ does. This establishes a conjecture of Shapiro (1979) on Bergman spaces and allows us to resolve a question of Zhu (1993) on Bargmann-Fock spaces. We also give a similar result on the union of two (or more) such zero sets, thereby establishing another conjecture of Shapiro (1979) on Bergman spaces and allowing us to strengthen a result of Zhu (1993) on Bargmann-Fock spaces.Comment: 17 p

Factors affecting the identification of odours and wines

Identifying an odour can be difficult, particularly when odours are combined. However, wine experts are allegedly able to describe the odours and flavours of wines in ways that other experts can understand. These skills are learned, not innate. The aim of this thesis was to explore factors that potentially affect the identification of odours and wines in order to teach novices to identify wine samples. In initial experiments, odour mixtures were employed to determine which labels novices could learn to use in an identification task. Participants were able to use appropriate (veridical) labels, as well as self-generated labels that were mostly non-veridical. Similar experiments were conducted with wine samples. Participants could not use self-generated labels, but could use grape names (e.g. Shiraz) and short descriptors (e.g. pepper). However, performance was not as high as some in the odour experiments. This may indicate difficulty in detecting the elements in the wines. Thus, wine samples were adulterated to enhance these elements. Participants could use appropriate labels when the wines were adulterated, but performed poorly when the wines were no longer adulterated, indicating that this training method may not be effective. Participants in later experiments were allowed to taste the wines and were able to use grape names and descriptors to identify the wines, depending on the samples used. One final experiment involved training using conceptual information (e.g. information about wine regions), which was no more effective than sensory training. The major results of the thesis are: that novices can discriminate between wines using olfaction alone; that novices can learn to apply labels to wine with small amounts of training, but this learning may not transfer to other wines. There do not appear to be any shortcuts to becoming a wine expert, but novices can use labels to identify wines within a few hours of intense training

A Role for Contrast Gain Control in Skin Appearance

Apparent contrast can be suppressed or enhanced when presented within surrounding images. This contextual modulation is typically accounted for with models of contrast gain control. Similarly, the appearance of one part of a face is affected by the appearance of the other parts of the face. These influences are typically accounted for with models of face-specific holistic processing. Here we report evidence that facial skin appearance is modulated by adjacent surfaces. In four experiments we measured the appearance of skin evenness and wrinkles in images with increased or decreased contrast between facial skin and adjacent image regions. Increased contrast with adjacent regions made facial skin appear more even and less wrinkled. We found the effect whether faces were presented upright or inverted, and also when facial features were not present, ruling out face-specific holistic processing as an explanation yet fully consistent with contrast gain control. Because the mechanism is not face specific, contrast between skin and any adjacent surface should affect skin appearance. This suggests that adornments such as makeup, hair coloring, clothing, and jewelry could also affect skin appearance through contrast suppression or enhancement, linking these cultural practices to the structure and function of the visual system

The Culture of Business Education and its Place in the Modern University

Many researchers believe that the modern university is in a state of crisis like never before. One of the main reasons cited for this decline is that the modern university has a closer resemblance to a transnational corporation than to a traditional scholarly institution (Lewis, 2005). This paper attempts to define the term “university” from a classical perspective and to describe the gradual incorporation of vocational pursuits into its scope. Focusing on modern North American university models, it asks whether business schools, in particular, should be operating within academia. An alternative is discussed, which focuses on the vocational attributes of business rather than theoretical knowledge. I draw on secondary sources as well as my own personal experience as a student and researcher to make suggestions on how interdepartmental tension developed and how it can be reduced. The paper finds that the business school does have a place in the modern university; however, the classical representation of the university must be abandoned for it to be fully embraced.  De nombreux chercheurs croient que l’université moderne n’a jamais vécu une crise si grave. Une des principales raisons citées pour expliquer cette baisse est que l’université moderne ressemble plus à une entreprise transnationale qu’à un établissement d’enseignement scientifique traditionnel (Lewis, 2005). Le présent article tente de définir le terme « université » selon une perspective classique, et de décrire ce qu’est l’intégration progressive d’une carrière professionnelle dans son champ d’application. Se concentrant sur les modèles universitaires modernes en Amérique du Nord, on demande si les écoles commerciales, en particulier, devraient fonctionner en milieu universitaire. On discute d’une alternative qui mise sur les attributs professionnels du commerce plutôt que sur les connaissances théoriques. Nous tirerons parti des sources secondaires aussi bien que de ma propre expérience en tant qu’étudiant et chercheur pour apporter des suggestions sur la façon dont la tension interdépartementale s’est créée et les moyens de la réduire. Notre recherche constate que l’école de commerce a bien une place dans l’université moderne, cependant, afin que cette place soit pleinement assumée, il est nécessaire d’abandonner la représentation classique de l’université en général

Selective N-methylation of Primary Aliphatic Amines with Dimethyl Carbonate in the Presence of Alkali Cation Exchanged Y-Faujasites

Professional gamblers are more likely than amateur gamblers to meet criteria for problem gambling but minimal research has examined their gambling behavior and its con- sequences. This study compared gambling behavior, problem gambling symptoms, related harms, recognition, and help-seeking among problem semi/professional gamblers (PPGs/ PSPGs) and problem amateur gamblers (PAGs). Surveys completed by 57 self-identified professional gamblers, 311 semi-professional gamblers and 4226 amateur gamblers were analysed. PPGs/PSPGs were significantly more likely than PAGs to be male, younger, never married, speak a language other than English at home, and have higher psychological distress, compared to PAGs. PPGs/PSPGs were more likely to gamble more frequently onmany skills- based forms, but most also participated in several chance-based forms. PPGs’/PSPGs’ most common problematic gambling form was electronic gaming machines and they were more likely to have problems with sports betting than PAGs. Most PPGs/PSPGs reported coming out behind on all gambling forms over the previous year. PPGs/PSPGs weremore likely than PAGs to report chasing losses and numerous detrimental financial gambling consequences. This group’s self-identification as PPGs/PSPGs is clearly inaccurate and perhaps a means to avoid stigma, elevate status and support problem denial. PPGs/PSPGs may represent an extreme example of gamblers with erroneous cognitions and beliefswho lack the required discipline and skill to be successful professional gamblers. The findings identify a group of problem gamblers who may benefit from interventions to dispel their mistaken self-identity, and emphasize the need for more rigorous confirmation of professional gambler status in future research

Psychological factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and coping mechanisms associated with the self-stigma of problem gambling

Background and aims Few studies have examined the stigma of problem gambling and little is known about those who internalize this prejudice as damaging self-stigma. This paper aimed to identify psychological factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and coping mechanisms associated with the self-stigma of problem gambling. Methods An online survey was conducted on 177 Australian adults with a current gambling problem to measure self-stigma, self-esteem, social anxiety, self-consciousness, psychological distress, symptom severity, most problematic gambling form, stigma coping mechanisms, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results All variables significantly correlated with self-stigma were considered for inclusion in a regression model. A multivariate linear regression indicated that higher levels of self-stigma were associated with: being female, being older, lower self-esteem, higher problem gambling severity score, and greater use of secrecy (standardized coefficients: 0.16, 0.14, −0.33, 0.23, and 0.15, respectively). Strongest predictors in the model were self-esteem, followed by symptom severity score. Together, predictors in the model accounted for 38.9% of the variance in self-stigma. Discussion and conclusions These results suggest that the self-stigma of problem gambling may be driven by similar mechanisms as the self-stigma of other mental health disorders, and impact similarly on self-esteem and coping. Thus, self-stigma reduction initiatives used for other mental health conditions may be effective for problem gambling. In contrast, however, the self-stigma of problem gambling increased with female gender and older age, which are associated with gaming machine problems. This group should, therefore, be a target population for efforts to reduce or better cope with the self-stigma of problem gambling