Introduction: Third Remedies Discussion Forum

Russel L. Weaver provides an introduction to the symposium on the Remedies Discussion Forum. He explains that the papers being submitted in this symposium are discussion papers that were submitted by the participants prior to the meeting and formed the basis for the discussions. He goes on to provide a brief introduction for each paper

A Comparison of Aerial and Ground Application of 2,4-D, Using Different Formulations and Rates of 2,4-D, and Different Kinds and Volumes of Carrier

In South Dakota several cases of injury to wheat from airplane application of 2,4-D by commercial applicators were reported. Some 120,000 acres of wheat were sprayed in South Dakota by commercial airplane applicators in 1953. Wheat growers, farm advisors, and research workers in weed control could not explain (1) why the injury was so variable in certain wheat growing regions during a given season, (2) why injury was not serious during some seasons and was an important factor in reduction of yields in others, (3) the conditions under which the injury occurred, (4) why no damage to wheat was reported from ground spraying, and (5) how injury might be prevented. Thus an investigation was begun in 1952 in South Dakota to answer these questions. This study is a continuation of that investigation. Since very little research data concerning serial application were available, it seemed that present recommendations should be reviewed in order to determine the cause of such damage and perhaps the need for separate recommendations for ground and serial spraying. Research and practical information presently available can be used to make predictions of the probable extent of drift based on such factors as nozzle design, pressure, temperature, wind velocity, etc. However, no simple regulation has been formulated which will insure complete freedom from drift damage an still permit unrestrained us of 2,4-D. Specific information is needed in treating our type of crops for the type of problems which we encounter

Rehearsal of the Incorrect Response in Frequency Discrimination

The frequency theory of V-D learning states that the difference in frequency of occurrence of the correct and incorrect items serves as a cue to Ss; the Ss make their choice based on the relative frequency of the items. The present study consisted of a transfer task with a 2x3 factoral design; on the first task, one half of the Ss learned a list in which the correct items were changed each trial (CC), while one half learned a standard V-D list. On the second task, one third of the CC group learned a list in which high frequency items were correct and low frequency items were incorrect (HL), one third of the CC group learned a list in which low frequency items were correct, and high frequency items were incorrect (LH), and one third of the CC group learned a St. V-D list. On the second task, one third of the St. V-D group learned an HL list, and one third of the St. V-D group learned a St. V-D list. The study was a test of the hypothesis that Ss may be rehearsing the incorrect response in certain situations; if so some anomalous results in frequency theory could be explained. The results of the present study were inconclusive, and gave some evidence which supports the RIR mechanism as well as evidence not in support of the RIR mechanism

Community Empowerment as a Non-Problem

It is not much fun to be a radical any more -- as a student, a teacher or a community activist. Often it seems as if there are too many battles and not enough time to begin to fight them. The privileged position in which many on the left found themselves in years past has given way to the treatment usually accorded persons with serious contagious diseases. Feeling unappreciated, unneeded and unwanted, we have tended to become a bit cranky and hypercritical. In our frustration, we have fallen prey to an isolation that encourages us to think only of people who see the world exactly as we do as allies

The Formation of Brown Dwarfs: Observations

We review the current state of observational work on the formation of brown dwarfs, focusing on their initial mass function, velocity and spatial distributions at birth, multiplicity, accretion, and circumstellar disks. The available measurements of these various properties are consistent with a common formation mechanism for brown dwarfs and stars. In particular, the existence of widely separated binary brown dwarfs and a probable isolated proto-brown dwarf indicate that some substellar objects are able to form in the same manner as stars through unperturbed cloud fragmentation. Additional mechanisms such as ejection and photoevaporation may play a role in the birth of some brown dwarfs, but there is no observational evidence to date to suggest that they are the key elements that make it possible for substellar bodies to form.Comment: Protostars and Planets V, in pres

Banning Broadcasting – A Transatlantic Perspective

The British Government\u27s decision to prohibit radio and television networks from airing interviews or statements by members of certain Northern Ireland organizations, or by allies and sympathizers of such organizations (the Broadcasting Ban or Ban) is analyzed in context. From an analysis of the Ban, some conclusions are drawn about the nature of judicial review