Effects Of Ag On TiO2 Dip-Coating On Unglazed Ceramic Substrates For Anti-Microbial Coating

Ag-TiO2 coating has been of interest for the purpose of antimicrobial application because silver (Ag) is well-known as antimicrobial agent and TiO2 possess as self-cleaning agent. In this research, it is aims to investigate the antimicrobial performance of Ag-TiO2 coating on unglazed ceramic substrate where the effects of additives and number of layers on the characteristic of Ag-TiO2 coating were investigated. The effect of PEG 2000 and Degussa P25 as additives on the characteristic of Ag-TiO2 coating was reported. The TiO2 coatings were produced via sol gel method using titanium tetraisopropoxide as a precursor from solutions that contains additive and without additive. Seven layers of TiO2 coating were deposited on unglazed ceramic substrate produced from waste glass. All coatings were deposited using dip coating technique and were sintered at 500ºC. The TiO2 coating was then immersed in an Ag nanoparticles solution before dried at 90o C in an oven to form Ag-TiO2 coating. Besides, the effects of number of layers on Ag-TiO2 coating with additive (Degussa P25) were characterized at five, seven and ten layers using dip coating technique. TiO2 coating at different layers was then sintered at 500oC before immersed in Ag nanoparticle solution. All coatings were evaluated using GAXRD and SEM analysis to characterized crystalline phase and coatings (surface morphology and thickness), respectively. Furthermore, Ag-TiO2 coating with two concentrations of silver nanoparticles (50 ppm and 1000 ppm) were prepared and antimicrobial analysis according to McFarland standard against E.coli, S.aerues, Fungus and MRSA were carried out and zone of inhibition are measured. Ag-TiO2 coating with additive (Degussa P25) shows anatase phases and homogeneous coating (morphology and Ag distribution) with the highest thickness (8.80 μm) which gives advantages to the coating for antimicrobial application as compared to others (without additive and with additive-PEG 2000). Besides, Ag-TiO2 coating with Degussa P25 at 10 layers shows the best result where the coating exists in anatase phases and homogenous coating structure with the highest coating thickness (11.80 μm) compared to 5 layers (5.85 μm) and 7 layers (8.80 μm). As a result, Ag-TiO2 coating with Degussa P25 as an additive with 10 layers at high concentration of Ag (1000 ppm) showed good performance in inhibiting E.coli growth on unglazed ceramic with a zone of inhibition of 8 mm

Upaya Peningkatan Kemampuan Passing Bawah Bola Voli Mini melalui Modifikasi Media Pembelajaran Bola Plastik pada Siswa Kelas IV Sdn 44 Segarau Parit Tebas

This study aims to determine the increase in the ability of passing down through themodification volleyball plastic ball media in State Primary School 44. qualitative research wasconducted by the form of action research. SDN is a student population of 44, the number of samples 28students, the total sampling using sampling methods. Research techniques using test and measurement,the test grating instrument with measurement of learning outcomes under the pasing game of volleyball.Analysis of the data using a percentage formula. The results show the implementation method oflearning media modefikasi plastic ball shown to increase the ability of passing down the game ofvolleyball. This is evidenced by an increase in the ability of passing down the fairly good, ie on cycle iwith an average value of 12.87, so the increase of 39.07%. While the average value of the second cycleis 21.18, so the increase of 64.56%

Why join an environmental NGO? A case study of the Malaysian Nature Society

The political strength of an environmental NGO depends on many factors including funds, leadership, expertise, political support and the size of membership. Membership size can influence the success or failure of the group. Usually, large membership means more labour can be deployed for grass roots activities and also more income through payment of fees. Two main objectives of the study were to understand the socio-economic profiles of members of an environmental NGO and identify their reasons for membership. A questionnaire was developed and made available on-line to all members of the NGO for a period of one month. In addition, it was circulated during the NGO's Annual General Meeting. In the end, one hundred completed questionnaires were returned and analysed. The results revealed that membership of the NGO comprise mainly of young professionals of the middle income group working in the private sector. They learn about the NGO mainly through friends who are members. The majority of them indicated that they joined the NGO because they wanted to support the noble goal of protecting nature through voluntary activities. The results suggest that, in its campaign for membership, the NGO should project an image of a group that champions nature protection as well as a hub for voluntary work. The findings of the study support the theory that common interest is one of the prime motivators of voluntary group membership

Enjoyable Workplace and Organizational Excellence. Reality and the way Forward

This study explores factors contributes to the enjoyable work place and its relationship with organizational excellence among state civil servants with the role of supervisory support as the mediating variable. The researchers highlighted the enjoyment of work dimensions covers aspects of working culture, workers well-being and work place relation. A pragmatism research philosophy with combination of qualitative and quantitative research strategy was used in this study. Deductive and inductive approach was applying and the data was collected using crosssection time frame. The method used for data collection is multi-methods (on-line, pencil and paper questionnaires, individual and focus group discussion). Simple random and convenience sampling was used to collect the data from respondents and informants of this study. Descriptive, inferential statics and content analysis was used to analyse the data. Based on the research findings, factors which contribute to the enjoyable work place can be categorized into several themes which are working culture, work environment, supporting staff, leadership and reward system. Findings also show that all the work culture, workers well-being and work place relation have a positive effect towards organisational excellence. This study found that supervisory support mediates the relationship between all variables involves. Issues and strategies to strengthen the enjoy working culture also identified. This study contributes significantly to the existing body of knowledge, policy matters and practical aspect on enjoyable work and organizational excellent among the state government servants in Sarawak. This study also discusses related research implication, limitation and recommendation for further research

Employee Appraisals and Cognitive Information Processing Systems

This book is vitally important because performance activities is become one of the main task for officer or manager in every organization. In every organization, human beings or workers play vital role in determining its survival. Human capital, or workers, have become the ultimate assets compared with other resources (money, land , machine, factory, hardware, software, material, equipment and etc). and are the key or prerequisite factors in making the operation of the organization or factory runs as planned. Linking the appraisal system to the reward system means that it can be used as a strategic tool by organizations to achieve their mission and vission

Employees performance evaluation : A Malaysian case

This book offers a research base knowledge and research findings to study employees' appraisal. It is hoped this edited books can help university student, government officer, human resource practitioner, policy maker, and all those who are really keen to know about employees' appraisal. This book will offer a good understanding of the performance appraisal issue in the Malaysian prespectives. It is hopes the readers will gain a lot of benefit from the knowledge offer. Research or indepth study also can be carried out by others researcher to give better understanding and explaination on the performance appraisal issues