Application of Electrocoagulation Process for Continuous Coal Stockpile Wastewater Treatment System

Coal wastewater is characterized by high total suspended solid (TSS), heavy metals, and low acidity (pH). The purpose of this study was to research the effects of the operating parameters such as applied voltage, the number of electrodes, and reaction time on a real coal stockpile wastewater in the continuous electrocoagulation process. For this purpose, aluminum electrodes were used in the presence of potassium chloride as an electrolyte. It has been shown that the removal efficiency of TSS and heavy metals content increased with increasing the applied voltage and reaction time. The results indicate that the electrocoagulation process is efficient and able to achieve 88.67% TSS removal, 95.65% ferrous removal, 99.11% manganesse removal, and pH increased until 7.1 at 24 volts during 120 min, respectively. The experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of electrocoagulation methods for the treatment of coal stockpile wastewater.Key words: coal stockpile wastewater, electrocoagulation, electrod

Level Decreasing Kinetics Model of Heavy Metal Contents in the Coal Stockpile Wastewater with Electrocoagulation

Electrocoagulation is one of methods used to treat wastewater in the coal stockpile without using coagulants. Characteristics of wastewater observed are heavy metals (Fe and Mn) and pH.  The decrease in the heavy metals content and the increase in the pH of this wastewater treatment process will then be proposed in the adsorption kinetics model. The influence of  variations in currents and processing time were observed. The time variation of the adsorption process were 60 to 120 minutes with current variations from 1.3 to 3.0 Ampere at a fixed 12 voltages. The results obtained that the Fe content could be decreased to 0.03 ppm at 90 minutes while the content of Mn was decreased to 0.01 ppm at the same time. The increase in pH (7.11) was achieved when applying 2.5 A current at 90 minutes process time. The results obtained from the electrocoagulation method was then proposed in the model of the Langmuir isotherm adsorption kinetics and Freundlich isotherm

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Electrostatic Method

Biodiesel (methyl ester) produced from trans esterification of waste cooking oil is a potential material to replace diesel fuel. The biodiesel can be obtained by using electrostatic method equipped with fixed distance electrode 1.5 cm and voltage at 12 volts. Coagulation of particle process i.e. glycerin drops in biodieselglycerinmixture was based on electrical field. Reactants used were methanol over KOH catalyst and temperature was set at 60 C. The residence time was varied as well as methanol to waste cooking oil ratio. Analysis result shows the process was able to obtain yield up to 83.3%. The quality of biodiesel produced was tested and satisfy the requirement according to National Standard of Indonesia (SNI), i.e. density 0.8594 mg/mL (compared to SNI: 0.85-0.90 mg/mL), flash point 191 C (SNI min 100 C), water content 0.0342% (SNI max 0.05%) and viscosity at lower limit 2.31 cSt. According to SNI 7182-2015 the above value meets the specified standard

MODEL KINETIKA REAKSI ADSORBSI PADA PROSES ELEKTROKOAGULASI

Stockpile batubara merupakan tempat penampungan sementara sebelum batubara dikirim ke produsen atau konsumen. Pemanfaatan lahan untuk lokasi stockpile batubara dapat mempengaruhi kualitas lingkungan, baik lingkungan udara, air, dan tanah. Aktivitas di stockpile batubara berdampak terhadap kualitas udara seperti kebisingan yang ditimbulkan dari alat berat dan peningkatan debu akibat bongkar muat batubara. Kualitas air terganggu akibat dari limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari run-off stockpile dan coal wetting, yang mengandung logam, padatan tersuspensi dan sejumlah zat terlarut. Keberadaan limbah cair yang berasal dari perlindian batubara dapat menurunkan derajat keasaman (nilai pH) serta meningkatkan kandungan padatan tersuspensi (TSS), logam besi (Fe) dan mangan (Mn) yang bila tidak diolah akan memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan sekitarnya. Penelitian diarahkan pada pembuatan model kinetika reaksi adsorbs pada proses elektrokoagulasi stockpile batubara. Dengan adanya data-data kinetika maka untuk jangka panjang dampak negatif akibat keberadaan dan aktivitas stockpile batubara dapat dikurangi dan dapat dilakukan tindakan preventif. Penelitian diawali dengan menentukan karakteristik limbah cair stockpile batubara, mengolah limbah cair stockpile batubara dan melihat penurunan konsentrasi polutan akibat proses elektrokoagulsi tersebut. Hasil pengukuran dan analisis di laboratorium digunakan untuk membuat model kinetika baik untuk model Langmuir dan Freundlich. Model persamaan penurunan TSS untuk volume 1000 mL adalah y = 406 e-0,131, dimana nilai k adalah 0,131. Model persamaan penurunan logam Fe untuk volume 1000 mL adalah y = 6,34 e-0,113, dimana nilai k adalah 0,113. Model persamaan penurunan logam Mn untuk volume 1000 mL adalah y = 2,47e-0,058, dimana nilai k adalah 0,058. Untuk adsorpsi secara elektrokoagulasi untuk logam Fe dan Mn, model kinetika yang cocok adalah reaksi orde 1, dan model kinetika adsorpsi Isotherm Langmuir daripada Isotherm Freundlich

PEMETAAN KUALITAS UDARA DI LINGKUNGAN STOCKPILE BATUBARA

Potensi sumberdaya batubara yang tersedia di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan ± 22.240,47 milyar ton atau 41,5% dari cadangan nasional. Kebutuhan batubara di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan rata-rata mengalami peningkatan 5,06% setiap tahun. Lokasi pertambangan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan berada jauh dari garis pantai sehingga dibutuhkan tempat penimbunan batubara (stockpile) yang berfungsi sebagai tempat penimbunan sementara sebelum batubara tersebut diangkut melalui jalur perairan untuk dipasarkan di dalam dan luar negeri. Stockpile batubara di Muara Telang merupakan salah satu stockpile yang berada di kawasan lahan basah yang dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut. Keberadaan stockpile batubara tersebut dikhawatirkan dapat menimbulkan dampak terhadap kualitas lingkungan baik udara, air, maupun tanah. Pemantauan dan pengendalian dampak lingkungan pada stockpile dimaksudkan untuk menekan dampak yang timbul akibat keberadaan dan kegiatan operasional penumpukan batubara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji karakteristik stockpile batubara dan dampaknya terhadap kualitas udara di lingkungan stockpile batubara dengan menggunakan GIS (Geographic Information System) dan pengolahan data menggunakan software ArcView. Kualitas udara dipetakan secara spasial untuk melihat pola sebaran temperatur, TSP (Total Suspended Particulate) dan kebisingan di lingkungan stockpile

Electrocoagulation Method to Reduce Pollutants in the Wastewater of Jumputan Fabric Industry

The existence of the textile industry in Indonesia is not only in the category of large and medium scale industries but also in small scale and some even in the home industry. These caused pollution mainly as a result of the dyeing of textiles. Dye not only occurs in industrial areas but also occurs in densely populated settlements. An attempt to treat the waste of the textile industry is needed to solve the environmental pollution. In this research, liquid waste was processed using the electrocoagulation method, and the expected concentration or hazard caused by waste was decreased and to fulfill the required environmental quality standard. Treatment of jumputan wastewater by electrocoagulation method using 4 aluminum electrodes 11x10.5 cm in size with MP-P configuration type (Monopolar-Paralel) for 120 minutes. The parameters measured in this study were chromium heavy metal content, TSS (Total Suspended Solid), TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), as well as changes in pH, color and turbidity values where the applied voltage variations were 10, 13, 15, 17, and 20 volts with variation of electrode distance used 1.5; 2.0; and 2.5 cm. The best condition for each parameter was obtained at a distance of 1.5 cm with a voltage of 20 volts. Effectiveness of electrocoagulation method to decrease turbidity value up to 99.84%; color 99.33%, chromium content of 62.5%; TSS 33.68%; TDS of 66.59% and raised the pH from 5.64 to 8.10, respectively

Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil using Induction Heating Technology

Kerupuk and kemplang industries produce at least 65 liters of waste cooking oil per production. One form of the application of science and technology in the field of new and renewable energy can be done in processing the waste oil from industrial production through the conversion process into one of the environmental friendly alternative fuels, biodiesel. Biodiesel production process can be carried out by various methods, such as utilizing induction heating technology. This technology has non-contact properties that do not interfere with the reactions that occur because of its application, which produces heat from the workpiece. This study uses waste cooking oil as raw material with variations in the molar ratios 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, and 1:7. The analysis showed that the maximum biodiesel production was used of 1: 7 molar ratio with 86.95% yield, 0.86 gr/cm3 of density, 5.73 cSt of viscosity, 190oC of flash point, and 0.44 mg-KOH/gr of acid number. The using this ratio produces maximum yield and following SNI

PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN KAIN JUMPUTAN PALEMBANG UNTUK MENINGKATKAN INDUSTRI KREATIF

The development of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) is the basis of the economy in improving the national economic rate because most of the existing businesses in Indonesia are small and medium enterprises. Among those small and middle enterprises, Palembang Jumputan Textile has its own characteristics in patterns and colors. Under the influence of a certain pattern, Jumputan Textile has been known and spread in Sumatra and even in Indonesia and overseas. Nowadays, the regional pattern in every province has been in the fast track of development nationally. The creative industry in Palembang is including around 300 industries of Songket and Jumputan Textile recorded in this city. Community service activities have been conducted to two small and medium enterprises in the center of Palembang Jumputan Textile. The community activities are including the development of pattern making or motif on fabric, dyeing process, and online marketing technique in attempt to improve the sales