Millimeter-wave radiometry for radio astronomy Final report, Nov. 1965 - 31 Dec. 1967

Noise, gain, and antenna data for millimeter wave radiometers, and lunar eclipse observation

Millimeter-wave radiometry for radio astronomy Final report

Lunation study using millimeter wave radiometry for radio astronom

Millimeter-wave radiometry for radio astronomy Final report, 1 Aug. 1964 - 15 Sep. 1966

Instrumentation and antenna development, solar observations, and lunation observations in study of millimeter wave radiometry for radio astronom

Information content of ozone retrieval algorithms

The algorithms are characterized that were used for production processing by the major suppliers of ozone data to show quantitatively: how the retrieved profile is related to the actual profile (This characterizes the altitude range and vertical resolution of the data); the nature of systematic errors in the retrieved profiles, including their vertical structure and relation to uncertain instrumental parameters; how trends in the real ozone are reflected in trends in the retrieved ozone profile; and how trends in other quantities (both instrumental and atmospheric) might appear as trends in the ozone profile. No serious deficiencies were found in the algorithms used in generating the major available ozone data sets. As the measurements are all indirect in someway, and the retrieved profiles have different characteristics, data from different instruments are not directly comparable

An integrated genomic analysis of lung cancer reveals loss of DUSP4 in EGFR-mutant tumors.

To address the biological heterogeneity of lung cancer, we studied 199 lung adenocarcinomas by integrating genome-wide data on copy number alterations and gene expression with full annotation for major known somatic mutations in this cancer. This showed non-random patterns of copy number alterations significantly linked to EGFR and KRAS mutation status and to distinct clinical outcomes, and led to the discovery of a striking association of EGFR mutations with underexpression of DUSP4, a gene within a broad region of frequent single-copy loss on 8p. DUSP4 is involved in negative feedback control of EGFR signaling, and we provide functional validation for its role as a growth suppressor in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. DUSP4 loss also associates with p16/CDKN2A deletion and defines a distinct clinical subset of lung cancer patients. Another novel observation is that of a reciprocal relationship between EGFR and LKB1 mutations. These results highlight the power of integrated genomics to identify candidate driver genes within recurrent broad regions of copy number alteration and to delineate distinct oncogenetic pathways in genetically complex common epithelial cancers

“Choking Under Pressure” in Older Drivers

Aging can impair executive control and emotion regulation, affecting driver decision-making and behavior, especially under stress. We used an interactive driving simulator to investigate ability to make safe left-turns across oncoming traffic under pressure in 13 older (\u3e 65 years old) and 16 middle-aged (35-56 years old) drivers. Drivers made left-turns at an uncontrolled intersection with moderately heavy oncoming traffic. Gaps between oncoming vehicles varied and increased gradually from 2 s to 10 s. Drivers made two left-turns with a vehicle honking aggressively behind (pressure condition), and two left-turns without the honking vehicle (control condition). Results showed that middle-aged drivers made more cautious turning decisions under pressure (by waiting for larger and safer gaps, p \u3c .001), but older drivers did not. Further, older driver turning paths deviated under pressure compared to the control condition (p \u3c .05), but the middle-aged group did not. Moreover, across all subjects, better executive function was significantly correlated with larger increases of accepted gap size from control to honking (p \u3c .01). The findings suggest that older drivers are more sensitive to traffic challenges from environmental pressure and that neural models of older driver performance and safety must factor in age-related changes in executive control and emotion processing

Temperature Dependence of Damping and Frequency Shifts of the Scissors Mode of a trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate

We have studied the properties of the scissors mode of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{87}$Rb atoms at finite temperature. We measured a significant shift in the frequency of the mode below the hydrodynamic limit and a strong dependence of the damping rate as the temperature increased. We compared our damping rate results to recent theoretical calculations for other observed collective modes finding a fair agreement. From the frequency measurements we deduce the moment of inertia of the gas and show that it is quenched below the transition point, because of the superfluid nature of the condensed gas.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Quadrupole collective modes in trapped finite-temperature Bose-Einstein condensates

Finite temperature simulations are used to study quadrupole excitations of a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. We focus specifically on the m=0 mode, where a long-standing theoretical problem has been to account for an anomalous variation of the mode frequency with temperature. We explain this behavior in terms of the excitation of two separate modes, corresponding to coupled motion of the condensate and thermal cloud. The relative amplitudes of the modes depends sensitively on the temperature and on the frequency of the harmonic drive used to excite them. Good agreement with experiment is found for appropriate drive frequencies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure