Hatchery manual for broodstock management and larval production of tubrot (Psetta maxima)

This hatchery manual is intended to provide detailed information from available published work and grey literature on turbot broodstock management and larval production. In reviewing larviculture techniques for turbot, it is notable that the major initial zoo technical advances were made in the 1980s. Subsequent refinements have been industry-led and are subject to commercial confidentiality. Some actors in the sector that have been approached either did not provide requested information or denied access to their sources of information. This manuscript therefore considers those aspects of commercial rearing techniques that are in the public domain, together with the applied scientific literature and information collected from different experts. With the aim to cover all aspects related to the production of turbot juveniles in Dutch farms from egg to fish of 10-15 g, the manual describes in details different steps. These have been grouped around the broodstock management, the hatchery/nursery period, the on growing and the grow out periods. A list of common diseases in turbot has been added at the end. The manual provides a link to the most update information available on live prey production and enrichment

Translating Rwandan folktales into English: a culture-based analysis

Student Number : 0413378Y - MA research report - School of Literature and Language Studies - Faculty of HumanitiesThe purpose of this research report is to examine Rwandan folktales from a cultural point of view and discuss how they could be translated into English by taking into account cultural aspects that are typical of Rwandan culture. It also aims at discussing some strategies which translators can use in order to solve culture-related problems while translating Rwandan folktales into the English language for an international audience in general and for children in particular. To lay a theoretical foundation to this study, an overview of folklore, culture and the relationship between language, culture and translation is given. Theories underlying cultural translation and underlying children’s literature and its translation are also discussed. Although the study aims at analysing Rwandan folktales in general, it focuses on four folktales. These are analysed and culture-bound problems that a translator may encounter when translating them are brought to the fore. In addition, one of them is translated as an illustration and a discussion of strategies used to address culture-bound problems is provided

Writing Drama Today

Panel: Writing Drama Toda

Why I Write, What I Write, and How I Write It

Panel: Why I Write What I Writ

Developing baseline data for monitoring and evaluation of land registration implementation in Rwanda : a case study of Gasabo district.

Thesis (M.Env.Dev.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.Various literature suggest that securing access to land and guaranteeing land tenure security is essential for diverse land-based livelihoods and remains a prerequisite for sustainable agriculture, economic growth and poverty reduction. Secure land tenure is recognized as a key element to meeting the MDG target 11 to achieve significant improvement in the lives of 100 million slums dwellers by 2020. In the case of Rwanda, land tenure reform involves changes in land tenure systems from traditional and customary arrangements to more simple, modern and streamlined land tenure mechanisms guided by a core land registration system which is affordable, efficient and participatory. This development towards change in land registration patterns requires strong instruments for monitoring and evaluation and impact assessment of land registration implementation. The main purpose of this research is to develop key indicators to be used as baseline monitoring and evaluation instruments for land registration implementation in Rwanda, the shortage of time having limited the case study to one, but important District of Rwanda: Gasabo. The conceptual argument follows the logic of thinking that, when land tenure, symbolized by different values is supported by formal or legal land registration procedures, it gives it a dimension of power, insurance, guarantee and security that can be symbolized by different indicators measurable as variables. Seven key indicators were identified. To test the defined baseline indicators for validity, data was obtained from a sample of 150 respondents using a cluster sampling technique and structured interviews. The findings demonstrate the defined indicators could be measured and the quality of measurement (validity) established from statistical behavior of the variables. The results have shown that none of sampled households has a land title, this effect being recognized as a major hindrance to tenure security and to fruitful investment in land. Only those few who had other kinds of documents confirming rights to land, although of lesser weight, were eligible to a loan from a bank. The results have shown that the beneficiaries of bank loans have improved their income by being involved in land transactions and by acquiring a new land as well as buying domestic animals. The results also show that these interactions have brought a significant improvement in land productivity and consequently, raised income. Although household date showed low rate of land disputes, secondary data at district level showed significantly higher rates of occurrence and very low rates of dispute resolution. It is generally observed that land disputes could be avoided or solved if sufficient operational, legal and institutional instruments for disputes resolution and land registration are in place

Influence of Culture on Women’s Public Speaking Skills in Rwanda: Case Study of Rwanda Women Parliamentarians

In Rwanda, the disparity between females and males can be seen in different aspects of life, including their communication skills. The Rwandan culture has been one that constrains women to perform house and babysitting tasks, which lowers their expectations to speak out in public gatherings. In fact, this cultural impact can be traced back even further, because many girls were not given opportunities to go to school; lowering their ability, confidence and acceptability to speak out in public.  The objectives of this study are: to examine the influence of cultural beliefs on women’s public speaking skills in Rwanda; to determine the influence of language on women’s public speaking skills in Rwanda; to establish the influence of cultural taboos on women’s public speaking skills in Rwanda and to analyze the influence of cultural values on women’s public speaking skills in Rwanda. During this study, researcher was used census method. The respondent of this research is all women members of Rwanda parliament.  In order to get all necessary information researchers was used questionnaire and interview technique as data instruments tools. On analyzing data researcher was used Statistical package for social science (SPSS). The results shows that 90.2% of respondents said that men they don’t have a right to control and discipline women through physical means makes women vulnerable to violence by intimate partners and 100% of respondents shows that Rwanda culture allow women to possess their own property. Language on women’s influences public speaking Skills in Rwanda. Most of time the women like to use question tag when they need to speak is public, all respondents are strongly agree and agree. 100% respondent shows that Women must be polite and respectful to the men. In order to continue influencing culture on women’s public speaking, researcher is recommend to the government to Continue to implement of international conventions and declarations in the field of culture in line with other human rights instruments and in respect of gender equality and diversity and Continue Reinforcement the culture of public speaking of women in different region in Rwanda. Keywords: Culture, women’s and public speakin

Enhancing biological nitrogen fixation and yield of soybean and common bean in smallholder farming systems of Rwanda

Legumes play a key role in soil fertility replenishment, yet the yields achieved are far below their potential due to poor management practices. The main objective of this thesis was to increase soybean and common bean productivity in the smallholder farming systems of Rwanda. Inputs of manure at different rates, mineral fertilizers and rhizobial inoculants were used. Field trials evaluating the response of common bean and soybean to inoculation, P and manure (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1) in three agro-ecological zones of Rwanda showed greater grain yield, biomass and stover yields when inputs were combined. The %Ndfa, amount of N2-fixed, N and P uptake were larger in treated plots compared to control plots. Large variability in the data following inputs application was observed, but there was no clear relationship between the response to inputs and soil parameters. Inputs applied to the legumes lead to substantial increase in the yield of a subsequent maize crop. However, maize grown after soybean failed to yield in Bugesera due to the long maturity of the soybean variety used which resulted in late planting of the maize. The role of manure on the survival of rhizobia in the soil was explored. The population of rhizobia in the soil was higher in plots that had received manure two seasons earlier compared with plots that had been inoculated or plots that had received P fertilizer only. The number of rhizobia in manured plots was still higher eighteen months from the first sampling. In the dry season rhizobial numbers decreased and increased again soon after during the rainy season. The Northern Province of Rwanda is the best region for climbing bean. However, yields achieved are very poor. Trials evaluating the response of climbing bean to manure (0, 2 and 5 t ha-1) and mineral fertilizers (N, P, K and their combination) were established in Kinoni and Muko villages with seven fields in each village. Results showed consistent yield increase when inputs were used together. Greater yields were achieved when manure was combined with NPK. In all cases larger responses were observed with the higher rate of manure. Similarly, inputs application increased the amount of N2-fixed, N and P uptake. Determination of limiting nutrients to climbing bean was performed using the Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). The two approaches were useful in identifying nutrient limitations to climbing bean in Northern Rwanda. We observed deficiencies of Zn, N, K and P in Kinoni, and Zn, Mg, Ca, P and N in the Muko site.</p

Projectrapportage Cooperatief pootvis productiecentrum voor de Nederlandse mariene viskweek sector

Het doel van dit project is het demonstreren van de haalbaarheid van een coöperatief productiecentrum voor tarbot en tong pootvis ten behoeve van de Nederlandse platviskweek sector. De rapportage gaat voornamelijk in op de kennisvragen m.b.t. de kosten en de technische haalbaarheid van een pootvis productiesysteem

The response of climbing bean to fertilizer and organic manure in the northern province of Rwanda

Open Access Article; Published online: 30 Oct 2020Climbing beans play a central role in food security of rural households in the densely populated highlands of East and Central Africa. Soil fertility degradation and the lack of nutrient inputs are major limitations to yield of beans and other crops. We conducted field trials in Northern Rwanda in Kinoni and Muko villages to evaluate the effect of mineral N, P, and K fertilizers (both alone and in combination) and farmyard manure on nitrogen fixation and grain yields of climbing bean in smallholder farmers’ fields. The trials were laid down in a randomized complete block design with seven replicate blocks in each village. Manure and fertilizer application led to greater yields in all fields, and the largest yields were achieved when manure was combined with NPK. Large variability in yield between fields was observed. Application of fertilizer together with manure increased the grain yield from 1.5 to 3.9 t ha−1 in Kinoni and from 2.6 to 5.4 t ha−1 in Muko. Fertilizer and/or manure increased stover yield from 0.8 to 2.3 t ha−1 in Kinoni and from 1.5 to 3.4 t ha−1 in Muko. Application of 30 kg P ha−1 and 5 t manure ha−1 led to increased N and P uptake (from 49 to 106 kg N ha−1 and from 6.1 to 12.4 kg P ha−1 in Kinoni and from 46 to 128 kg N ha−1 and from 5.3 to 17.9 kg P ha−1 in Muko). There was no clear relationship between soil fertility characteristics and the response of climbing bean to applied inputs at Muko site. However, at Kinoni site, limited response to manure and NPK application was observed in plots where soil available P and soil exchangeable K were relatively low. Our results show the benefits of using manure along with mineral fertilizers for increased climbing bean yields and nutrient uptake in smallholder farming systems

Climate smart agriculture? Governing the sustainable development goals in Sub-Saharan Africa

This paper examines the political economic and governance challenges faced by African governments in operationalizing Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) as part of their pursuit of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). There is a need to enrich our understanding of the diverse contexts and ways in which governments will have to navigate and address the inevitable choices and conflicts, synergies and trade-offs that will characterize efforts to simultaneously implement these global goals. Here we seek to develop an account of why and how countries are managing the interrelationship between SDGs, particularly those associated with food security and climate action. We develop explanations for the diversity in approaches and provide an initial assessment of what the consequences are for policy and practice. The analysis is informed by the contrasting experiences of four Eastern African countries, Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Rwanda, as they seek to build more “climate resilient” food and agricultural systems that are compatible with achieving the SDGs