Application of D-S Evidence Fusion Method in the Fault Detection of Temperature Sensor

Due to the complexity and dangerousness of drying process, the fault detection of temperature sensor is very difficult and dangerous in actual working practice and the detection effectiveness is not satisfying. For this problem, in this paper, based on the idea of information fusion and the requirements of D-S evidence method, a D-S evidence fusion structure with two layers was introduced to detect the temperature sensor fault in drying process. The first layer was data layer to establish the basic belief assignment function of evidence which could be realized by BP Neural Network. The second layer was decision layer to detect and locate the sensor fault which could be realized by D-S evidence fusion method. According to the numerical simulation results, the working conditions of sensors could be described effectively and accurately by this method, so that it could be used to detect and locate the sensor fault

Valoración de las competencias de los profesionales con maestría que demandan las escuelas de administración de empresas en las universidades más representativas del departamento de Lambayeque según el modelo UNED, 2015

El concepto de competencias se sigue implementando cada vez más en el ámbito laboral a nivel mundial, haciendo que las empresas requieran de colaboradores competentes, los cuales les permita tener mayor efectividad en las actividades profesionales que desempeñen. La presente investigación buscó determinar la valoración de las competencias de los profesionales con maestría que demandan las escuelas de administración de empresas en las universidades más representativas del departamento de Lambayeque, tomando como referencia el modelo UNED. La metodología que se utilizó para la valoración de dichas competencias radicó en la aplicación directa de encuestas y entrevistas a los encargados de la selección y reclutamiento de personal de las universidades más representativas del departamento de Lambayeque, lo cual permitió, conseguir información acerca de las exigencias en cuanto al perfil esperado que los profesionales con maestría deben tener para desempeñar de manera eficiente los desafíos que se les presentarán al instante de iniciar su vida laboral en dichas entidades. Con la culminación de este estudio se pudo determinar que las competencias más valoradas fueron la capacidad para tomar decisiones y para resolver conflictos, lo cual no deja de lado que los profesionales son conscientes de la necesidad de formarse en valores como la ética, la responsabilidad y el respeto hacia los demás fomentando así actitudes como el aprendizaje continuo y la pro actividad.Tesi

The Demonstration of SMSE Based Cognitive Radio in Mobile Environment via Software Defined Radio

With the emergence of increasing number of wireless devices and demands for higher data rates, spectrum crowding and congestion increases. Spectrum congestion problem has been challenging wireless communication engineers for a few decades. However, recent studies indicate that most of the time wide ranges of the radio spectrum are rarely utilized. Hence, the spectrum congestion is mainly due to the inefficient spectrum usage rather than the spectrum scarcity. To exploit under used spectrum and utilize the spectrum efficiently in dynamically changing environments, a new technology is needed. Cognitive Radio (CR) arises to be a possible solution to spectral crowding problem by introducing the opportunistic usage of frequency bands that are not heavily occupied by licensed users. In this dissertation, we implement and demonstrate an autonomous cognitive radio system in mobile environment via SDR. We first design and implement an intelligent spectrum sensing engine which can detect the existence of the primary user (PU) signal and accurately estimate its radio frequency (RF) parameters. Second, with the aid of the spectrum sensing engine, a spectrum mask is provided. Meanwhile, a multi-carrier waveform is generated based on spectrally modulated spectrally encoded (SMSE) framework. With the dynamic multi-carrier non-contiguous waveform, an intelligent interference avoidance SMSE-based cognitive radio is implemented and demonstrated using universal software radio peripheral(USRP) and GNU software defined radio (SDR) platform. Third, we propose a novel total intercarrier interference (ICI) cancellation scheme to eliminate the ICI in mobile environment, apply the algorithm to the SMSE base cognitive radio, employ GNU SDR platform and USRP, implement and demonstrate an SMSE based cognitive radio in high mobility environment. Combined with the spectrum sensing engine, the cognitive radio is capable of detecting the availability of each and every subcarrier in the operational bandwidth. By turning off those subcarriers occupied by the primary users, the cognitive radio implements a non-contiguous SMSE transmission waveform. Integrated with total ICI cancellation algorithm, the cognitive radio has the ability to eliminate the ICI due to the frequency offset caused by mobility. There are a few unique features of our cognitive radio implementation: (1) we have demonstrated real-time seamless video transmission without interference to primary users, and without interference from primary users; (2) our cognitive radio is capable of taking advantage of multiple spectrum holes and operating over multiple non-contiguous spectrum bands (our demonstration is the first in the world to stitch multiple non-contiguous spectrum holes together); (3) the cognitive radio dynamically adjusts which subcarriers to turn off according to the primary users\u27transmission; (4) the cognitive radio can also adjust other parameters such as the total number of subcarriers, center frequency, and bandwidth of each subcarrier; (5) the cognitive radio maintains all the features even in high mobility environment, making it a flexible, agile, and robust cognitive radio node in mobile communication system

Application of D-S Evidence Fusion Method in the Fault Detection of Temperature Sensor

Due to the complexity and dangerousness of drying process, the fault detection of temperature sensor is very difficult and dangerous in actual working practice and the detection effectiveness is not satisfying. For this problem, in this paper, based on the idea of information fusion and the requirements of D-S evidence method, a D-S evidence fusion structure with two layers was introduced to detect the temperature sensor fault in drying process. The first layer was data layer to establish the basic belief assignment function of evidence which could be realized by BP Neural Network. The second layer was decision layer to detect and locate the sensor fault which could be realized by D-S evidence fusion method. According to the numerical simulation results, the working conditions of sensors could be described effectively and accurately by this method, so that it could be used to detect and locate the sensor fault

Inter-carrier interference self-cancellation for CI/MC-CDMA system

Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) has been considered as a strong candidate for next generation wireless communication system due to its excellent performance in multi-path fading channel and simple receiver structure. Carrier Interferometry code for MC-CDMA (CI/MC-CDMA) provides better BER performance, less peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and higher design flexibility than conventional MC-CDMA systems employing Hadarmard-Walsh spreading code. However, like all the multi-carrier transmission technologies such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the inter-carrier interference (ICI) produced by the frequency offset between the transmitter and receiver local oscillators or by Doppler frequency shift due to high mobility causes significant bit error rate (BER) performance degradation in CI/MC-CDMA system. In this paper, we apply the ICI self-cancellation scheme previously proposed for OFDM system to orthogonal CI/MC-CDMA system to reduce ICI effect and improve BER performance. Unlike the traditional ICI self-cancellation scheme for OFDM which reduces the ICI at the price of lowing the transmission rate and reducing the bandwidth efficiency, we introduce a second set of orthogonal CI codes to maintain the throughput. Simulations of different leveled modulations over AWGN channel and multi-path fading channel confirmed the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed self-embedded ICI cancellation scheme for CI/MC-CDMA system where significant BER performance gain has been observed when ICI is present

Inter-carrier interference self-cancellation for CI/MC-CDMA system

Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) has been considered as a strong candidate for next generation wireless communication system due to its excellent performance in multi-path fading channel and simple receiver structure. Carrier Interferometry code for MC-CDMA (CI/MC-CDMA) provides better BER performance, less peak to average power ratio (PAPR) and higher design flexibility than conventional MC-CDMA systems employing Hadarmard-Walsh spreading code. However, like all the multi-carrier transmission technologies such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), the inter-carrier interference (ICI) produced by the frequency offset between the transmitter and receiver local oscillators or by Doppler frequency shift due to high mobility causes significant bit error rate (BER) performance degradation in CI/MC-CDMA system. In this paper, we apply the ICI self-cancellation scheme previously proposed for OFDM system to orthogonal CI/MC-CDMA system to reduce ICI effect and improve BER performance. Unlike the traditional ICI self-cancellation scheme for OFDM which reduces the ICI at the price of lowing the transmission rate and reducing the bandwidth efficiency, we introduce a second set of orthogonal CI codes to maintain the throughput. Simulations of different leveled modulations over AWGN channel and multi-path fading channel confirmed the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed self-embedded ICI cancellation scheme for CI/MC-CDMA system where significant BER performance gain has been observed when ICI is present

Comparisons of GnRH antagonist protocol versus GnRH agonist long protocol in patients with normal ovarian reserve: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (GnRH-ant) protocol and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) long protocol in patients with normal ovarian reserve. METHODS:We searched the PubMed (1992-2016), Cochrane Library (1999-2016), Web of Science (1950-2016), Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM, 1979-2016), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI, 1994-2016). Any randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared GnRH-ant protocol and GnRH-a long protocol in patients with normal ovarian reserve were included, and data were extracted independently by two reviewers. The meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5.3 software. RESULTS:Twenty-nine RCTs (6399 patients) were included in this meta-analysis. Stimulation days (mean difference (MD) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = -0.8 [-1.36, -0.23], P = 0.006), gonadotrophin (Gn) dosage (MD [95% CI] = -3.52 [-5.56, -1.48], P = 0.0007), estradiol (E2) level on the day of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration (MD [95% CI] = -365.49 [-532.93, -198.05], P<0.0001), the number of oocytes retrieved (MD [95% CI] = -1.41 [-1.84, -0.99], P<0.00001), the embryos obtained (MD [95% CI] = -0.99 [-1.38, -0.59], P<0.00001), incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) (OR [95% CI] = 0.69 [0.57, 0.83], P<0.0001) were statistically significantly lower in GnRH-ant protocol than GnRH-a long protocol. However, the clinical pregnancy rate (OR [95% CI] = 0.90 [0.80, 1.01], P = 0.08), ongoing pregnancy rate (OR [95% CI] = 0.88 [0.77, 1.00], P = 0.05), live birth rate (OR [95% CI] = 0.95 [0.74, 1.09], P = 0.27), miscarriage rate (OR [95% CI] = 0.98 [0.69, 1.40], P = 0.93), and cycle cancellation rate (OR [95% CI] = 0.86 [0.52, 1.44], P = 0.57) showed no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION:GnRH-ant protocol substantially decreased the incidence of OHSS without influencing the pregnancy rate and live birth rate compared to GnRH-a long protocol among patients with normal ovarian reserve

Association between Dietary Fatty Acid Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Large-Scale Case-Control Study in China

Associations of dietary fatty acids with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain controversial. The objective of this study was to examine whether dietary-derived fatty acid patterns were related to CRC risk among Chinese people. A total of 2806 CRC patients and 2806 frequency-matched controls were interviewed in this case-control study between July 2010 and May 2021. A food frequency questionnaire was used to gather information on dietary intake. Four fatty acid patterns were identified using factor analysis. The even-long-chain fatty acid pattern had no statistically significant association with CRC risk (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR), 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97–1.39; ptrend = 0.129). However, significant inverse associations were found between the medium-chain and long-chain saturated fatty acid (SFA) pattern (aOR, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.27–0.42), the highly unsaturated fatty acid pattern (aOR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.60–0.88), the odd-chain fatty acid pattern (aOR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.57–0.83), and CRC risk. The interaction between fatty acid patterns and sex was observed, and the association between the highly unsaturated fatty acid pattern and CRC risk differed by subsite. In conclusion, increasing the intakes of foods rich in medium-chain SFAs, highly unsaturated fatty acids, and odd-chain fatty acids may be related to a lower risk of CRC