The use of logging gaps by birds of a semideciduous chiquitano forest in Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Se realizó un estudio en un bosque seco o semideciduo chiquitano de la región de Lomerío, a un año de una extracción forestal selectiva de baja intensidad. Evaluamos la riqueza, diversidad, abundancia relativa y representación de gremios de aves (126 individuos de 32 especies) capturadas con redes de niebla en claros de extracción de dos tamaños y en sitios adyacentes sin extracción. La riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de especies mostraron una disminución consistente desde los claros grandes, a claros chicos y a sitios sin extracción, aunque las diferencias entre tratamientos no siempre fueron significativas. Los insectívoros Thamnophilus sticturus, Cnemotriccus fuscatus y Thryothorus guarayanus fueron las aves más frecuentes en los claros gran- des, mientras que Thamnophilus sticturus, Sittasomus griseicapillus, Thryothorus guarayanus y Basileuterus culicivorus fueron las especies más capturadas en los claros chicos y en los sitios sin extracción. De ocho gremios examinados, solo la abundancia de los insectívoros que capturan su presa en el aire fue mayor en los claros; los restantes gremios no presentaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos. Las actividades de aprovechamiento forestal aparenteµente no causaron fuertes impactos en la comunidad de aves en el área de estudio después de un año. Sin embargo, los cambios cualitativos podrían ser sutiles y pasar desapercibidos en este plazo, y ser notables solo después de muchos años.We carried out a study in a dry or semideciduous Chiquitano forest in the Lomerío region, one year after it had been selectively logged. We assessed species richness, diversity, relative abundance, and guilds of birds (126 individuals, 32 species) captured with µist nets in logging gaps and in adjacent undisturbed areas. Species richness, diversity, and abundance diminished consistently from large to small gaps and to unlogged sites, although differences between treatments not always were statistically significant. The insectivores Thamnophilus sticturus, Cnemotriccus fuscatus and Thryothorus guarayanus were the µost frequent birds in the large gaps, whereas Thamnophilus sticturus, Sittasomus griseicapillus, Thryothorus guarayanus y Basileuterus culicivorus were the µost frequent birds in small gaps and unlogged sites. From eight examined guilds, only the abundance of sallying species showed a significantly higher abundance in gaps, while the remaining guilds did not show preferences for any of the treatments. Logging activities after one year apparently did not have a strong impact on the bird communities of this study area. However, qualitative changes in the bird community could be so subtle as to be noticed only after many years

Cerdocyon thous

Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus 1766) Crab-eating Fox, Zorro de monte Figure 4H Examined material. BOLIVIA; Province of Ñuflo de Chávez of Santa Cruz Department; Centro “Chiquitos”; camera stations 1, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12 (Table 1); first capture on 27 March 2017; secondary forest patch in pastureland, primary forest, and border of pastureland to forest. Identification. This is the most common native canid in the region and is identified by its medium-sized (3.5– 7 kg), robust body, which has a dense coat of grayish to brownish fur. The legs are black and there is a darker stripe along the back and along the tail. The other fox in the region is the Pampas Fox, Lycalopex gymnocercus (Waldheim, 1814), which has yellow legs and was not found at this site.Published as part of Jansen, Martin, Engler, Marc, Blumer, Luka Moritz, Rumiz, Damián I., Aramayo, José Luis & Krone, Oliver, 2020, A camera trapping survey of mammals in the mixed landscape of Bolivia's Chiquitano region with a special focus on the Jaguar, pp. 323-335 in Check List 16 (2) on page 330, DOI: 10.15560/16.2.32

Tapirus terrestris

Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) South American Tapir, Anta ó Tapir Figure 4V Examined material. BOLIVIA; Province of Ñuflo de Chávez of Santa Cruz Department; Centro “Chiquitos”; camera stations 9, 10, 11, 12 (Table 1); first capture on 11 May 2017; primary forest and border of pastureland to forest. Identification. The Tapir is an unmistakable, large mammal with a uniformly dark gray-brown body, a short hair crest along the neck, and a long, flexible nose. Captures of Jaguar individuals. Of the 137 capture events of Jaguars, at least seven individuals could be identified by their individual coat patterns (Table 4). Six individuals were adult; two were females (#2 and 5), three were males (#1, 3 and 6), and one was undetermined (#4) because sex-specific traits were not apparent in the images. For 15 capture events, the individual could not be explicitly identified, as the quality of images was too low. One adult female was observed with a young, which indicates reproductive success of this species within the study site. We compared the number of capture events of Jaguars with the two types of land use (primary forest vs altered habitat) in the study area to test the hypothesis that there would be more Jaguar detections in primary forest than in altered habitat. Camera stations in forests had a higher number of Jaguar occurrences (median = 22) than those in semi-open pastureland (median = 8; Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney U test, U = 24, p = 0.014).Published as part of Jansen, Martin, Engler, Marc, Blumer, Luka Moritz, Rumiz, Damián I., Aramayo, José Luis & Krone, Oliver, 2020, A camera trapping survey of mammals in the mixed landscape of Bolivia's Chiquitano region with a special focus on the Jaguar, pp. 323-335 in Check List 16 (2) on pages 331-332, DOI: 10.15560/16.2.32

Mazama gouazoubira

Mazama gouazoubira (Fischer, 1814) Gray Brocket Deer, Urina Figure 4D Examined material. BOLIVIA; Province of Ñuflo de Chávez of Santa Cruz Department; Centro “Chiquitos”; 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 (Table 1); first capture on 23 March 2017; secondary forest patch in pastureland, primary forest, and border of pastureland to forest. Identification. This is the most common cervid in the dry forests of lowland Bolivia. Its overall color is grayish brown with the mid-back and outer side of legs a little darker and the throat, neck and venter grayish and lighter. It is smaller than Red Brocket Deer, Mazama americana (Erzleben, 1777) (13–23 kg vs 17–30 kg), which shows a reddish-brown coat overall with a contrasting whitish throat. Red Brockets do occur in the region but are rarer (Rivero et al. 2005), limited to taller forest, and were not recorded in this survey.Published as part of Jansen, Martin, Engler, Marc, Blumer, Luka Moritz, Rumiz, Damián I., Aramayo, José Luis & Krone, Oliver, 2020, A camera trapping survey of mammals in the mixed landscape of Bolivia's Chiquitano region with a special focus on the Jaguar, pp. 323-335 in Check List 16 (2) on page 328, DOI: 10.15560/16.2.32

Coendou prehensilis

Coendou prehensilis (Linnaeus, 1758) Brazilian Porcupine, Puercoespín Examined material. BOLIVIA; Province of Ñuflo de Chávez of Santa Cruz Department; Centro “Chiquitos”; 16.3695°S, 062.0052°W; first capture on 12 May 2017; secondary forest patch in pastureland. Identification. This is a medium-sized, arboreal rodent (2–5 kg). Thick spines, 2–6 cm long, cover the entire body except for the muzzle. The general color appears gray or yellowish from a distance, but each spine is whitish at its base and tip and with a dark-brown band in the middle. This is the only porcupine species known in the area.Published as part of Jansen, Martin, Engler, Marc, Blumer, Luka Moritz, Rumiz, Damián I., Aramayo, José Luis & Krone, Oliver, 2020, A camera trapping survey of mammals in the mixed landscape of Bolivia's Chiquitano region with a special focus on the Jaguar, pp. 323-335 in Check List 16 (2) on page 331, DOI: 10.15560/16.2.32

Sylvilagus brasiliensis Linnaeus 1758

Sylvilagus brasiliensis Linnaeus, 1758 Forest Rabbit, Tapití Figure 4Q Examined material. BOLIVIA; Province of Ñuflo de Chávez of Santa Cruz Department; Centro “Chiquitos”; camera stations 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11 (Table 1); first capture on 30 March 2017; secondary forest patch in pastureland, primary forest, and border of pastureland to forest. Identification. This is a small forest rabbit (0.5–1.2 kg) with relatively long ears (but shorter than other lagomorphs), an agouti-brown body, and a black tail.Published as part of Jansen, Martin, Engler, Marc, Blumer, Luka Moritz, Rumiz, Damián I., Aramayo, José Luis & Krone, Oliver, 2020, A camera trapping survey of mammals in the mixed landscape of Bolivia's Chiquitano region with a special focus on the Jaguar, pp. 323-335 in Check List 16 (2) on page 331, DOI: 10.15560/16.2.32