Hipertensi dan Risiko Mild Cognitive Impairment pada Pasien Usia Lanjut

Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) meningkatkan risiko penyakit Alzheimer. Tekanan darah tinggi sering didapatkan pada beberapa pasien usia lanjut yang menderita MCI. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara hipertensi dan MCI pada lanjut usia (usia ≥ 60 tahun) yang dipilih secara konsekutif dari pengunjung Puskesmas Joglo-I pada 12-18 November 2012. Kuesioner Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) digunakan untuk skrining gangguan fungsi kognitif dan tekanan darah diukur dengan manual sfigmomanometer menurut prosedur standar. Analisis statistik menggunakan Generalized Linear Model. Dari 32 responden, rata-rata usia adalah 61 tahun dan sebanyak 53,1% responden adalah perempuan. Hipertensi ditemukan pada 21 orang (65,6%) dan MCI pada 21 orang (65,6%). MCI didapatkan pada 17 orang (81%) di antara 21 responden hipertensi, dan 4 orang (36%) di antara 11 responden nor- motensi. Terdapat hubungan statistik yang bermakna antara hipertensi dan MCI. Risiko mild cognitive impairment pada usia lanjut hipertensi adalah 2,2 kali lebih besar daripada mereka yang normotensi (PR = 2,2; nilai p = 0,01). Hubungan ini tetap bermakna setelah faktor usia, diabetes, dan stroke disetarakan (nilai p = 0,04). Menurunkan kasus hipertensi dapat menjadi suatu upaya mengurangi risiko MCI pada usia lanjut.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Some geriatric patients with MCI were often identified to have high blood pressures. This cross-sectional study aimed to know association between hypertension and MCI in geriatric patients (age ≥ 60 years), con- secutively selected among people attending Joglo-I Primary Health Center between November 12-18, 2012. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaires were administered to screen for cognitive impairment, blood pressures were measured using a manual sphygmomanometer according to the standard protocols. Analyzes were done using the Generalized Linear Model procedure of 32 participants (median age: 61 years; 53.1% women), 21 respondents (65.6%) had hypertension, and 21 others (65.6%) had MCI. MCI were identified in 17 persons (81%) out of 21 respondents with hypertension, and in 4 persons (36%) out of 11 respondents with normal blood pressure. Hypertension was significantly associated with MCI. The risk that older individuals diagnosed with hyper- tension had MCI was 2.2 over that of their counterpart with normal blood pressure (PR = 2.2; p value = 0.01). This association remained significant after adjustment for age, diabetes, and stroke (p value = 0.04). Reduced hypertension may be one strategy to lower the risk of cognitive impairment among older adults

Kadar Kolesterol Total dan Tekanan Darah Orang Dewasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar kolesterol total dengan tekanan darah. Data dikumpulkan pada 14-21 Juni 2011, terhadap 51 subjek penelitian berusia > 30 tahun yang tidak mengonsumsi obat antihipertensi ataupun antikolesterol, dipilih secara consecutive antara pengunjung Puskesmas Kelurahan Joglo-II, Jakarta. Tekanan darah diukur dengan sfigmomanometer sesuai pedoman baku. Kadar kolesterol total darah sewaktu diukur dari sampel darah tepi dengan alat tes kolesterol. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier, korelasi Pearson dan General Linear Model dengan koreksi Bonferroni. Pada 51 responden (nilai tengah usia 50 tahun, 70,6% perempuan), rerata kadar ko- lesterol total adalah 200 mg/dL dan rerata tekanan darah adalah 135/84 mmHg. Pada faktor perancu yang disetarakan, kadar kolesterol total yang tinggi berhubungan dengan tingginya tekanan darah sistolik (r = 0,39; nilai p = 0,005) ataupun diastolik (r = 0,43; nilai p = 0,002). Responden pada kelompok kuartil ketiga total kolesterol memiliki tekanan darah 26/11 mmHg lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan mereka pada kelompok kuartil kedua (nilai p = 0,001 dan nilai p = 0,002 berturut-turut untuk tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik). Menjaga kadar kolesterol total dalam batas normal merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mencegah hipertensi.This cross-sectional study was aimed to examine the association between total cholesterol levels and blood pressures. Data was collected on June 14-21, 2011, among 51 subjects, aged >30 years, who were taking neither antihypertensive nor anticholesterol drug, consecutively selected among peoples attending Joglo-II Sub-district Primary Health Center, Jakarta. Blood pressures were measured using a manual sphygmomanometer according to the standard protocols. Peripheral blood samples were collected and non-fasting total cholesterol were assessed using a cholesterol-test kit. Analyses were perfomed using linear regression, Pearson correlation, and General Linear Model (with Bonferroni correction). In 51 respondents (median age 50 years, 70.6% female), mean total cholesterol level was 200 mg/dL and blood pressure were 135/84 mmHg. After adjust- ment for confounding factors, higher total cholesterol levels were associat- ed with higher systolic (r = 0.39; p value = 0.005) or diastolic (r = 0.43; p value = 0.002) blood pressures. Participant in the third quartile category had blood pressures 26/11 mmHg significantly higher than that of those in the second quartile category (p value = 0,001 and p value = 0,002 for sistolic and diastolic blood pressures, respectively). Maintaining total cholesterol levels within the normal limits may be one way to prevent hypertension

Mediterranean-style dietary pattern, reduced risk of metabolic syndrome traits, and incidence in the Framingham Offspring Cohort123

Background: The benefit of the Mediterranean-style dietary pattern in mitigating metabolic risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease has not been well investigated among nondiabetic Americans

Association between dietary scores and 13-year weight change and obesity risk in a French prospective cohort

International audienceBACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The relationship between diet quality and development of obesity is complex and unresolved. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the predictive value of six different dietary scores on both relative weight change and the risk of obesity after 13 years of follow-up in adults aged 45 years and older. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Six scores reflecting adherence to different nutritional recommendations (the French Programme National Nutrition Sante-Guideline Score (PNNS-GS), the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Index (DGAI), the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), the Mediterranean Diet Scale (MDS), the relative Mediterranean Diet Score (rMED) and the Mediterranean Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS)) were estimated in 3151 participants in the French SU.VI.MAX (SUpplementation en VItamines et Mineraux AntioXydants) study. Associations of dietary scores with 13-year weight change were assessed through multivariate linear regression models, and obesity risk was analyzed with logistic regression, providing odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Except for the MSDPS, higher scores, that is, better adherence to nutritional guidelines or to a Mediterranean diet, were associated with lower weight gain in men (all P-value for trend <0.05). In addition, among men, ORs for becoming obese after 13 years associated with a 1 s.d. increase in dietary scores ranged from 0.63, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.78 for DGAI to 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.88 for MDS. These associations were weaker or not statistically significant in women. CONCLUSION: Overall, the six dietary scores predicted obesity risk equally well. Among French adults, strong adherence to dietary guidelines appears to be protective with regard to weight gain and obesity, especially in men. International Journal of Obesity (2012) 36, 1455-1462; doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.264; published online 17 January 201

Does the Mediterranean dietary pattern or the Healthy Diet Index influence the risk of breast cancer in a large British cohort of women?

To assess the risk of developing breast cancer associated with consumption of two common dietary patterns: a Mediterranean dietary pattern and a dietary pattern, which conforms to the World Health Organization Healthy Diet Index (WHO HDI)