Uji Aktivitas Penolak Serangga (Insect Repellent) terhadap Bioindikator Kutu Beras (Calandra oryzae L.) serta Analisa Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Spektrofotodensitometri dam Kromatografi Gas Fraksi Hidro

Telah dilakukan penelitian aktivitas penolak serangga dari fraksi hidrokarbon minyak atsiri rimpang segar Dringo (Acorus calamus L.) serta profil KLT spektrofotodensitometri dan kromatografi gasnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan pernyataan Wonohadi (2003) bahwa rimpang segar Dringo (Acorns caiamus L.) atau minyak atsirinya memillki aktivitas penolak serangga terhadap bioindikator kutu beras (Calandra oryzae L.). Untuk mengetahui komponen minyak atsiri yang mempunyai aktivitas penolak serangga maka dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menguji aktivitas penolak serangga terhadap kutu beras (Calandra oryzae L.) dari fraksi hidrokarbon minyak atsiri rimpang segar Dringo (Acorus calamus L.). Minyak atsiri rimpang segar Dringo (Acorus calamus L,) diperoleh dengan cara penyulingan dengan air. Komponen-komponen minyak atsiri dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan fase diamsilika gel 60, fase gerak heksan danetil asetat, sehingga didapatkan fraksi hidrokarbon dan fraksi hidrokarbon teroksigenasi minyak atsiri rimpang segar Dringo (Acorus calamus L.). Fraksi hidrokarbon minyak atsiri rimpang segar Dringo (Acorus calamus L.) yang didapat tidak berwarna dan tidak berbau. Hasil analisa KLT fraksihidrokarbon minyak atsiri rimpang segar Dringo (Acorus calarnus L.) didapatkan empat buah nodal sedangkan secara KLT spektrofotodensitometri hanya menunjukkan dua buah puncak

FORMULASI SALEP EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KEMANGI (OCIMUM BASILIUM L) SEBAGAI ANTIFUNGI DENGAN VARIASI TIPE BASIS SALEP DAN EVALUASI SIFAT FISIKNYA

Berdasarkan penelitian Anandini Nindya Lestari Umar (2011) telah membuktikan bahwa ekstrak daun Kemangi dengan kosentrasi 50% berdasarkan uji kadar hambat minimum (KHM) dengan metode sokletasi dengan pelarut etanol 70% menghambat pertumbuhan Candida Sp lebih baik dibandingkan Ketokonazol 2% pada kandidiasis vulvovaginalis secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat salep yang memenuhi persyaratan, mengetahui sifat fisik salep ekstrak etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilium L) dengan variasi tipe basis salep dan mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa kimia yang terdapat pada Daun Kemangi (Ociumum basilium L). Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah Ekstrak etanol daun kemangi (Ocimum basilium L) dapat dijadikan sediaan salep yang memenuhi syarat, evaluasi sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptik, uji daya sebar, daya lekat, dan proteksi. Uji organoleptis meliputi warna, bau, homogenitas, dan konsistensi. Dari ketiga basis salep tersebut didapat bahwa basis salep hidrokarbon dan basis salep serap (absorpsi) stabil tidak mengalami perubahan setelah diamati selama 1 minggu. Sedangkan basis salep larut air mengalami perubahan bau dari hari pertama bau khas ekstrak daun kemangi dan mengalami perubahan bau pada hari ketiga menjadi bau khas PEG. Uji daya sebar, dari hasil uji daya sebar pada ketiga formula didapatkan hasil bahwa (Formula 1) basis larut air yang memiliki daya sebar lebih luas yaitu 5,67 cm2 dibandingkan (Formula 2) basis hidrokarbon 3,91 cm2 dan (Formula 3) basis absorpsi 3,73 cm2. Uji daya lekat, dilihat dari data yang didapatkan basis hidrokarbon memiliki daya lekat paling besar dan yang paling kecil daya lekatnya ada pada basis larut air. Uji Proteksi, dari data yang didapat ketiga formula memiliki kemampuan proteksi yang paling baik adalah basis hidrokarbon, dimana memiliki kemampuan melindungi kulit dari pengaruh luar. Kandungan kimia yang terdapat dalam ekstrak Daun kemangi adalah flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai antifungi. Kata kunci : Salep, Daun kemangi, Antifung

UNDERSTANDING RISK FACTORS OF ELDERLY INPATIENT FALLS USING CONTEXTUAL MODEL

The field of Information Systems is about bridging the digital and information divide. Advances in the digital world enable information to be stored and structured in a manner that facilitates effective use of the information for future modelling purposes. Elderly inpatient falls are a common global phenomenon, and an inpatient fall incident can have severe consequences for the patient, caregivers and the healthcare provider. An inpatient fall can result from many causes and its risk can be increased through the combination of these causes. Many risk factors of elderly inpatient falls have been reported in various papers in the literature. However, a logical comprehensive categorisation of all these factors does not currently exist. The objective of this research in progress is to come up with a generic categorisation of the risk factors for elderly inpatient falls alongside the usage of a contextual model to illustrate the inherent interactions amongst these various factors. In addition, we found that the effect of the interaction amongst some risk factors is time dependent which also needs to be incorporated in the contextual model. Such comprehensive categorisation and contextual risk model will help health providers in the process of profiling of an elderly inpatient with respect to his/her fall risk. It is useful to experts in health informatics in formulating models to automate this process

KETERAMPILAN MENGOBSERVASI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS

The purpose of this study is to describe phenomena in thematic learning in elementary schools, where the ability to observe is included in the aspect of geographical skills. This research method uses descriptive method with a survey approach, by taking a sample of the school in SDN Rawamangun 12 Pagi, and taking a sample V class  .The data analysis technique used is the description technique. Students who make observations can be seen from several activities below: Using various feelings to recognize an object; Record in detail the relevant facts of the object and everything around it; Identify similarities and differences; Using tools and materials to understand objects in detail. The results of this study basically students who study at SDN Rawamangun 12 Pagi have been able to observe social objects in social studies material using guided inquiry methods students experienced a significant increase. The use of models that prioritize aspects of high thinking in students, so that students experience good learning outcomes. Keywords: Skills, Observations, Social Science

Oxytocin Receptor Polymorphisms are Differentially Associated with Social Abilities across Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Oxytocin is a pituitary neuropeptide that affects social behaviour. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) have been shown to explain some variability in social abilities in control populations. Whether these variants similarly contribute to the severity of social deficits experienced by children with neurodevelopmental disorders is unclear. Social abilities were assessed in a group of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, n = 341) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, n = 276) using two established social measures. Scores were compared by OXTR genotype (rs53576, rs237887, rs13316193, rs2254298). Unexpectedly, the two most frequently studied OXTR SNPs in the general population (rs53576 and rs2254298) were associated with an increased severity of social deficits in ASD (p \u3c 0.0001 and p = 0.0005), yet fewer social deficits in ADHD (p = 0.007 and p \u3c 0.0001). We conclude that these genetic modifier alleles are not inherently risk-conferring with respect to their impact on social abilities; molecular investigations are greatly needed

Two phases of disulfide bond formation have differing requirements for oxygen

Most proteins destined for the extracellular space require disulfide bonds for folding and stability. Disulfide bonds are introduced co- and post-translationally in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cargo in a redox relay that requires a terminal electron acceptor. Oxygen can serve as the electron acceptor in vitro, but its role in vivo remains unknown. Hypoxia causes ER stress, suggesting a role for oxygen in protein folding. Here we demonstrate the existence of two phases of disulfide bond formation in living mammalian cells, with differential requirements for oxygen. Disulfide. bonds introduced rapidly during protein synthesis can occur without oxygen, whereas those introduced during post-translational folding or isomerization are oxygen dependent. Other protein maturation processes in the secretory pathway, including ER-localized N-linked glycosylation, glycan trimming, Golgi-localized complex glycosylation, and protein transport, occur independently of oxygen availability. These results suggest that an alternative electron acceptor is available transiently during an initial phase of disulfide bond formation and that post-translational oxygen-dependent disulfide bond formation causes hypoxia-induced ER stress

Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasting via the Minimum Message Length Principle: A Preliminary Result

presented at the 22nd Conference on Hurricane and Tropical Meteorology, Fort Collins -- Colorado, 19 -- 23 May 1997 1 Introduction The existing tropical cyclone intensity forecasting schemes (SHIFOR [Jarvinen and Neumann, 1979], SHIPS [DeMaria and Kaplan, 1994], SHIFOR94 [Landsea, 1995], TIPS [Fitzpatrick, 1995]) were built using the conventional multiple linear regression method. This method relies upon statistical significance test techniques which the chosen models prone to overfit the data. This inherent tendency of overfitting makes the separation of the limited available data into the training and test data sets imperative. In this abstract, a Bayesian approach using the Minimum Message Length (MML) principle [Wallace and Freeman, 1987] is applied to tropical cyclone intensity change forecasting. The MML technique builds regression models by taking a balance between the complexity of the models and the goodness of fit as a performance criterion. Because of this balancing mech..