Structure Dependence of Kinetic and Thermodynamic Parameters in Singlet Fission Processes

Singlet fission—whereby one absorbed photon generates two coupled triplet excitons—is a key process for increasing the efficiency of optoelectronic devices by overcoming the Shockley–Queisser limit. A crucial parameter is the rate of dissociation of the coupled triplets, as this limits the number of free triplets subsequently available for harvesting and ultimately the overall efficiency of the device. Here we present an analysis of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for this process in parallel and herringbone dimers measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy in coevaporated films of pentacene in p-terphenyl. The rate of dissociation is higher for parallel dimers than for their herringbone counterparts, as is the rate of recombination to the ground state. DFT calculations, which provide the magnitude of the electronic coupling as well as the distribution of molecular orbitals for each geometry, suggest that weaker triplet coupling in the parallel dimer is the driving force for faster dissociation. Conversely, localization of the molecular orbitals and a stronger triplet–triplet interaction result in slower dissociation and recombination. The identification and understanding of how the intermolecular geometry promotes efficient triplet dissociation provide the basis for control of triplet coupling and thereby the optimization of one important parameter of device performance

Analisis Yuridis Tata Kelola Perangkat Daerah Provinsi Papua Selatan Melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2022

The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945, referred to as the 1945 Constitution, is the highest law and the center for the administration of the Indonesian state. The 1945 Constitution expressively affirms in Article 1 Paragraph 1 that the Indonesian state is a unitary state in the form of a Republic. Article 18 of the 1945 Constitution Paragraphs 1 and 2 explain that the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into Provinces. The Provinces are divided into Regencies and Municipalities, each of which has a Regional Government, which is regulated by Law; the Regional Government of Provinces, Regencies, and Municipalities regulate and manage their government affairs according to the principle of autonomy and assistance duties. The purpose of this study is to determine the governance of the Regional Apparatus of South Papua Province based on Law Number 14 of 2022 concerning the Establishment of South Papua Province so far by the regulations in its formation. This research used empirical juridical research methods (Empirical Legal Research / empirical juridisch onderzoek). Based on the spectrum of arguments that have been described that South Papua Province has a specialty in organizing and managing government affairs that become regional authorities because South Papua Province is given special autonomy by the state so that in carrying out regional government affairs, it is based on not only national laws and regulations but also compartments.Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang selanjut disebut UUD 1945 merupakan hukum tertinggi dan sentrum bagi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan negara Indonesia. UUD 1945 secara ekspresif menegaskan di dalam Pasal 1 Ayat 1 bahwa negara Indonesia adalah negara kesatuan yang berbentuk Republik. Pasal 18 UUD 1945 Ayat 1 dan 2 menjelaskan bahwa Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia dibagi atas daerah-daerah Provinsi dan daerah-daerah Provinsi itu dibagi atas Kabupaten dan Kota, yang tiap-tiap Provinsi, Kabupaten, dan Kota itu mempunyai Pemerintahan Daerah, yang diatur dengan Undang-Undang dan Pemerintahan Daerah Provinsi, daerah Kabupaten dan Kota mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahan menurut asas otonomi dan tugas pembantuan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tata kelola Perangkat Daerah Provinsi Papua Selatan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2022 Tentang Pembentukan Provinsi Papua Selatan sejauh ini telah sesuai dengan regulasi dalam pembentukannya. Metode penelitian yuridis empiris (Empirical Legal Research/Empirisch Juridisch Onderzoek). Kemudian pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan penelitian pustaka. Berdasarkan spektrum argumentasi yang telah diuraikan bahwa Provinsi Papua Selatan memiliki kekhususan dalam menata dan mengelola urusan pemerintahan yang menjadi kewenangan daerah karena Provinsi Papua Selatan diberi otonomi khusus oleh negara sehingga dalam menjalankan urusan pemerintahan daerah tidak hanya didasari pada peraturan perundangan-undangan yang bersifat nasional tetapi juga yang bersifat kompartemen

Maser threshold characterization by resonator Q-factor tuning

Whereas the laser is nowadays an ubiquitous technology, applications for its microwave analog, the maser, remain highly specialized, despite the excellent low-noise microwave amplification properties. The widespread application of masers is typically limited by the need of cryogenic temperatures. The recent realization of a continuous-wave room-temperature maser, using NV− centers in diamond, is a first step towards establishing the maser as a potential platform for microwave research and development, yet its design is far from optimal. Here, we design and construct an optimized setup able to characterize the operating space of a maser using NV− centers. We focus on the interplay of two key parameters for emission of microwave photons: the quality factor of the microwave resonator and the degree of spin level-inversion. We characterize the performance of the maser as a function of these two parameters, identifying the parameter space of operation and highlighting the requirements for maximal continuous microwave emission

Druck auf Obama wächst

Kein Präsident der USA hat eine zweite Amtszeit auf sicher - zumal wenn die Wähler enttäuscht sind. Entscheidend für die Wahlen 2012 ist die republikanische Kandidatur

Wasch mir den Pelz, aber mach mich nicht nass

Blut, Schweiss und Tränen kann man den Deutschen nicht plausibel machen: Sie sehen die Notwendigkeit von Reformen zwar ein, sind zu Opfern aber nicht bereit, schreibt Dieter Rulof