In vitro fermentation of forage prickly pear cactus with yeast inoculum of Kluyveromyces lactis from apple waste [Fermentación in vitro de nopal forrajero con un ináculo de levadura Kluyveromyces lactis obtenida a partir de manzana de desecho]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an inoculum of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, from apple waste on the variety Golden Delicious in solid state fermentation (SSF) of forage prickly pear cactus Opuntia spp. During the fermentation period, 3 samples were taken per treatment at different times (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h), which was determined by temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, yeast count, soluble sugars and crude protein. The data were evaluated with the procedure Proc Mixed for a random design of 4 treatments with 2 2 factorial arrangements. The temperature was increased (P<0.01) of the h0 to h12 in all treatments. The ammonia nitrogen increased (P<0.01) differences between inoculums by time interaction. The lactic acid showed difference (P<0.01) between treatments with calcium interaction between inoculum inoculum by time. Yeast counts showed a treatment effect (P<0.01) by inoculum interaction time, the highest concentration of yeasts was observed from the increase of h0 8.3 10 6 0.22 to 1.8 107 0.22 cel/mL h48 t1 to the witness, and 3.2 10 7 0.22 to 4.9 10 7 0.22 h0 to h48 cel/mL treatment with inoculum. Soluble sugars in effect was observed (P<0.01) by time. Crude protein (CP) treatment effect was found (P <0.01) in the use of inoculum and inoculum interaction time. It can be conclude, that the use of yeast inoculum in the prickly pear cactus SSF subject to significantly increase crude protein value of 9.35 to 19.36% PC in 12 hours of fermentation, being an excellent alternative for use in animal feeding

In vitro fermentation of forage prickly pear cactus with yeast inoculum of Kluyveromyces lactis from apple waste [Fermentación in vitro de nopal forrajero con un inóculo de levadura Kluyveromyces lactis obtenida a partir de manzana de desecho]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an inoculum of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, from apple waste on the variety Golden Delicious in solid state fermentation (SSF) of forage prickly pear cactus Opuntia spp. During the fermentation period, 3 samples were taken per treatment at different times (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h), which was determined by temperature, pH, ammonia nitrogen, lactic acid, yeast count, soluble sugars and crude protein. The data were evaluated with the procedure Proc Mixed for a random design of 4 treatments with 2×2 factorial arrangements. The temperature was increased (P<0.01) of the h0 to h12 in all treatments. The ammonia nitrogen increased (P<0.01) differences between inoculums by time interaction. The lactic acid showed difference (P<0.01) between treatments with calcium interaction between inoculum inoculum by time. Yeast counts showed a treatment effect (P<0.01) by inoculum interaction time, the highest concentration of yeasts was observed from the increase of h0 8.3×10 6±0.22 to 1.8×107±0.22 cel/mL h48 t1 to the witness, and 3.2×10 7±0.22 to ×4.9×10 7±0.22 h0 to h48 cel/mL treatment with inoculum. Soluble sugars in effect was observed (P<0.01) by time. Crude protein (CP) treatment effect was found (P <0.01) in the use of inoculum and inoculum interaction time. It can be conclude, that the use of yeast inoculum in the prickly pear cactus SSF subject to significantly increase crude protein value of 9.35 to 19.36% PC in 12 hours of fermentation, being an excellent alternative for use in animal feeding

Results from Colombia's 2016 report card on physical activity for children and youth

Background: Physical activity (PA) is vital to the holistic development of young people. Regular participation in PA is associated with substantial benefits for health, cognitive function, and social inclusion. Recognizing the potential of PA in the context of the current peace process in Colombia, the purpose of this article is to present the methodology and results of Colombia's second Report Card on PA for children and youth. Methods: A group of experts on PA graded 14 PA indicators based on data from national surveys and policy documents. Results: National and departmental policy indicators received a grade of B, while organized sport participation, overweight, obesity, community influence, and nongovernment initiatives indicators received a grade of C. Overall PA levels, active transportation, sedentary behaviors, and school influence received a grade of D. Active play, low physical fitness, and family influence received an Incomplete grade. Conclusion: PA levels are low and sedentary behaviors are high in Colombian children and youth, with notable geographic differences. A broad policy framework translated into specific actions could provide unique opportunities to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, and contribute to social integration goals in a postconflict setting. © 2016 Human Kinetics, Inc

Results from Colombia's 2016 report card on physical activity for children and youth

Background: Physical activity (PA) is vital to the holistic development of young people. Regular participation in PA is associated with substantial benefits for health, cognitive function, and social inclusion. Recognizing the potential of PA in the context of the current peace process in Colombia, the purpose of this article is to present the methodology and results of Colombia's second Report Card on PA for children and youth. Methods: A group of experts on PA graded 14 PA indicators based on data from national surveys and policy documents. Results: National and departmental policy indicators received a grade of B, while organized sport participation, overweight, obesity, community influence, and nongovernment initiatives indicators received a grade of C. Overall PA levels, active transportation, sedentary behaviors, and school influence received a grade of D. Active play, low physical fitness, and family influence received an Incomplete grade. Conclusion: PA levels are low and sedentary behaviors are high in Colombian children and youth, with notable geographic differences. A broad policy framework translated into specific actions could provide unique opportunities to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, and contribute to social integration goals in a postconflict setting. © 2016 Human Kinetics, Inc

The management of complicated colorectal cancer in older patients in a global perspective after COVID-19: the CO-OLDER WSES project

BACKGROUND: Colorectal (CRC) cancer is becoming a disease of the elderly. Ageing is the most significant risk factor for presenting CRC. Early diagnosis of CRC and management is the best way in achieving good outcomes and longer survival but patients aged ≥75 years are usually not screened for CRC. This group of patients is often required to be managed when they are symptomatic in the emergency setting with high morbidity and mortality rates. Our main aim is to provide clinical data about the management of elderly patients presenting complicated colorectal cancer who required emergency surgical management to improve their care. METHODS: The management of complicated COlorectal cancer in OLDER patients (CO-OLDER; ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT05788224; evaluated by the local ethical committee CPP EST III-France with the national number 2023-A01094-41) in the emergency setting project provides carrying out an observational multicenter international cohort study aimed to collect data about patients aged ≥75 years to assess modifiable risk factors for negative outcomes and mortality correlated to the emergency surgical management of this group of patients at risk admitted with a complicated (obstructed and perforated) CRC. The CO-OLDER protocol was approved by Institutional Review Board and released. Each CO-OLDER collaborator is asked to enroll ≥25 patients over a study period from 1st January 2018 to 30th October 2023. Data will be analyzed comparing two periods of study: before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A sample size of 240 prospectively enrolled patients with obstructed colorectal cancer in a 5-month period was calculated. The secured database for entering anonymized data will be available for the period necessary to achieve the highest possible participation. RESULTS: One hundred eighty hospitals asked to be a CO-OLDER collaborator, with 36 potentially involved countries over the world. CONCLUSIONS: The CO-OLDER project aims to improve the management of elderly people presenting with a complicated colorectal cancer in the emergency setting. Our observational global study can provide valuable data on the effectiveness of different management strategies in improving primary assessment, management and outcomes for elderly patients with obstructed or perforated colorectal cancer in the emergency setting, guiding clinical decision-making. This information can help healthcare providers make informed decisions about the best course of action for these patients