Impacto del cambio climático y estrategias de adaptación comunidad de Llano Grande 1, Masaya, Nicaragua

Esta investigación analiza los impactos del cambio climático (CC) en la situación de seguridad alimentaria de la comunidad rural de Llano Grande 1, cuyos medios de vida son agrícolas, proponiendo estrategias para la adaptación. El principal aporte es la definición de estrategias de adaptación que respondan al cambio climático de forma participativa a partir del conocimiento de los productores. Las estrategias definidas proponen acciones para el desarrollo productivo y económico, desde el fortalecimiento de la resiliencia de los productores y sus principales medios de vida

Characterization of a proximal Sp1 response element in the mouse Dlk2 gene promoter

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>DLK2 is an EGF-like membrane protein, closely related to DLK1, which is involved in adipogenesis. Both proteins interact with the NOTCH1 receptor and are able to modulate its activation. The expression of the gene <it>Dlk2 </it>is coordinated with that of <it>Dlk1 </it>in several tissues and cell lines. Unlike <it>Dlk1</it>, the mouse <it>Dlk2 </it>gene and its locus at chromosome 17 are not fully characterized.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The goal of this work was the characterization of <it>Dlk2 </it>mRNA, as well as the analysis of the mechanisms that control its basal transcription. First, we analyzed the <it>Dlk2 </it>transcripts expressed by several mouse cells lines and tissues, and mapped the transcription start site by 5' Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends. <it>In silico </it>analysis revealed that <it>Dlk2 </it>possesses a TATA-less promoter containing minimal promoter elements associated with a CpG island, and sequences for Inr and DPE elements. Besides, it possesses six GC-boxes, considered as consensus sites for the transcription factor Sp1. Indeed, we report that Sp1 directly binds to the <it>Dlk2 </it>promoter, activates its transcription, and regulates its level of expression.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results provide the first characterization of <it>Dlk2 </it>transcripts, map the location of the <it>Dlk2 </it>core promoter, and show the role of Sp1 as a key regulator of <it>Dlk2 </it>transcription, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the expression of the <it>Dlk2 </it>gene.</p

What’s in a gene? The outstanding diversity of MAPT

Tau protein is a microtubule-associated protein encoded by the MAPT gene that carries out a myriad of physiological functions and has been linked to certain pathologies collectively termed tauopathies, including Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, etc. Alternative splicing is a physiological process by which cells generate several transcripts from one single gene and may in turn give rise to different proteins from the same gene. MAPT transcripts have been proven to be subjected to alternative splicing, generating six main isoforms in the central nervous system. Research throughout the years has demonstrated that the splicing landscape of the MAPT gene is far more complex than that, including at least exon skipping events, the use of 3′ and 5′ alternative splice sites and, as has been recently discovered, also intron retention. In addition, MAPT alternative splicing has been showed to be regulated spatially and developmentally, further evidencing the complexity of the gene’s splicing regulation. It is unclear what would drive the need for the existence of so many isoforms encoded by the same gene, but a wide range of functions have been ascribed to these Tau isoforms, both in physiology and pathology. In this review we offer a comprehensive up-to-date exploration of the mechanisms leading to the outstanding diversity of isoforms expressed from the MAPT gene and the functions in which such isoforms are involved, including their potential role in the onset and development of tauopathies such as Alzheimer’s diseaseThis research received no external fundin

Muertes en cautiverio en el primer Franquismo: Exhumación del cementerio del penal de Valdenoceda (1938-1943)

En el penal franquista de Valdenoceda fallecieron 152 presos, enterrados en el cementerio de la cárcel. Debido al deterioro de este cementerio, la Asociación de Familiares y Amigos de Represaliados en el Penal de Valdenoceda promovió su exhumación, con el objetivo de trasladar los restos a un panteón adecuado e identificar los que fuera posible. La exhumación se llevó a cabo entre invierno y primavera del año 2007, recuperándose un total de 114 restos óseos. En este trabajo se resume la investigación sobre el penal de Valdenoceda, cuya línea central es la identificación de los restos óseos, pero que permite abordar desde diferentes perspectivas el estudio del sistema represor de los primeros años de la dictadura.152 inmates died in the Francoist prison of Valdenoceda and were buried in the prison cemetery. Due to the deterioration of this cemetery, the Association of Relatives and Friends of the Victims of Reprisals in the Prison of Valdenoceda, promoted the exhumation, with the purpose of moving the remains to a pantheon and identify them when possible. The exhumation was carried out during the months of winter and spring of 2007 and a total of 114 human remains were recovered. In this article, we present an overview of the research on the prison. Our main line of inquiry is the identification of the human remains, but our investigation also allows us to approach from different perspectives the study of the repressive system of the first years of the Franco regime

Time of the day of exercise impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objectives: To compare the effect of a single bout of morning vs. evening exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in adults. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic search of studies was conducted using PubMed andWeb of Science from inception to June 2022. Selected studies accomplished the following criteria: crossover design, acute effect of exercise, blood pressure, blood glucose, and/or blood lipids as the study's endpoint, awashout period of at least 24 h, and adults.Meta-analysis was performed by analyzing: 1) separated effect of morning and evening exercise (pre vs. post); and 2) comparison between morning and evening exercise. Results: A total of 11 studies were included for systolic and diastolic blood pressure and 10 studies for blood glucose. Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between morning vs. evening exercise for systolic blood pressure (g Δ=0.02), diastolic blood pressure (g Δ=0.01), or blood glucose (g Δ=0.15). Analysis of moderator variables (age, BMI, sex, health status, intensity and duration of exercise, and hour within the morning or evening) showed no significant morning vs. evening effect. Conclusions: Overall, we found no influence of the time of the day on the acute effect of exercise on blood pressure neither on blood glucose.Spanish Government FPU19/0374

Volatile and phenolic composition of a Chardonnay wine treated with antimicrobial plant extracts before malolactic fermentation

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.Previous studies have proven the potential of antimicrobial plant extracts to delay malolactic fermentation (MLF) in red wines. With the final end of extending their applicability in oenology, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the addition of antimicrobial extracts (from eucalyptus leaves and almond skins) to white wines (i.e., Chardonnay wine), as a way to control MLF, would affect wine organoleptic properties, in particular those related to their volatile and phenolic composition. Although addition of both extracts led to statistically significant changes (p<0.05) in the concentration of several volatile and phenolic compounds, only few of them showed contents higher than their sensory thresholds, meaning that the changes observed in their concentration could slightly affect the final wine aroma and astringency. However, use of the extracts in the elaboration of white wines needs to be assessed in future experiments at winery scale, including wine sensorial analysis.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Innovation (AGL2006-04514, AGL2009-13361-C02-00 and CSD2007-00063 Consolider Ingenio 2010 FUN-C-FOOD Projects), and the Comunidad de Madrid (ALIBIRD P2009/AGR-1469 Project). JJRB and AGR are the recipients of a fellowship from the JAE-Doc Program (CSIC) and DANONE Institute, respectively.Peer Reviewe

Biological Active Ecuadorian Mango ‘Tommy Atkins’ Ingredients—An Opportunity to Reduce Agrowaste

Mango is a commercially important tropical fruit. During its processing, peel and seed kernel are discarded as waste but they could be recovered as an excellent and cost-effective source of health-promoting ingredients. This study aimed to characterize some of them, including carotenoids like the provitamin A β-carotene and lutein, with an interest beyond its role in eye health. Other health-promoting compounds like tocopherols and polyphenols were also evaluated, as well as the in vitro antioxidant capacity of mango by-products. Regarding isoprenoids, α-tocopherol was mainly found in the peels and carotenoids concentration was higher in the pulps. β-carotene was the most abundant carotene in pulp and seed kernel, whereas peel was the only source of lutein, with violaxanthin the most abundant xanthophyll in the different mango organs tested. With regard to polyphenols, peels exhibited greater variability in its phenolic composition, being the total content up to 85 and 10 times higher than the pulp and seed kernels, respectively. On the other hand, peels also stood out for being a very rich source of mangiferin. Seed kernels and peels showed higher antioxidant capacity values than the pulps. These results contribute to the valorization of mango by-products as new natural ingredients for the pharma and food industries.España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad COOPB20125Ecuador, Escuela Politécnica Nacional PIS 12-21 and PIMI 14-14Secretaría General Iberoamericana, 112RT0460-CORNUCOPIA, 112RT0445-IBERCAROTEcuador, Secretaría de Educación Superior, Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación PROMETEO-CEB-018-201

Evaluación de las propiedades probióticas de bacterias lácticas de origen enológico

[ES]: En este trabajo se ha evaluado la resistencia a la saliva, al medio ácido y a las sales biliares de once cepas de origen enológico pertenecientes a Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp., y Oenococcus oeni, además de dos cepas probióticas de referencia. Las cepas de Lactobacillus y Pediococcus mostraron una alta resistencia a la lisozima (> 80 %), y todas sobrevivieron a las sales biliares y a bajos valores de pH (pH 1.8), lo que sugiere una buena adaptación de estas cepas a las condiciones gastrointestinales. También se evaluó su capacidad para adherirse a la mucosa intestinal y para inhibir la adhesión de Escherichia coli a células epiteliales del intestino. En particular, la cepa P. pentosaceus cIAL-86 mostró un alto porcentaje de adherencia a las células intestinales (> 12 %), incluso superior al mostrado por las cepas probióticas de referencia, y una alta actividad anti-adhesión de E. coli cIAL-153 (> 30 %).[EN]: In this study, the saliva, acid and bile resistance of eleven enological strains of Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp., and Oenococcus oeni, as well as two probiotic reference strains were evaluated. Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains showed high resistance to lysozyme (> 80 %) and all were capable of surviving at bile salts and low pH values (pH 1.8), suggesting a good adaptation to gastrointestinal conditions. The ability of these strains to adhere to the intestinal mucosa and the inhibition of the adhesion of Escherichia coli to intestinal cells were also evaluated. In particular, P. pentosaceus cIAL-86 showed a high percentage of adhesion to intestinal cells (> 12 %), even higher than that shown by the reference probiotic strains, and a high anti-adhesion activity against E. coli cIAL-153 (> 30 %).Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Proyectos AGL2012-04172-C02-01, PRI-PIBAR-2011-1358 y Consolider Ingenio 2010 FUN-C-FOOD CSD2007-00063), la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid (ALIBIRD P2009/AGR-1469) y el INIA (proyecto RM2011-00003-00-00). A. García Ruiz es beneficiaria de una beca del Instituto DanonePeer Reviewe

Recommendations for the use of biomarkers for head and neck cancer, including salivary gland tumours: a consensus of the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology and the Spanish Society of Pathology

Epstein Barr virus; Prognosis; Response to treatmentVirus de Epstein Barr; Pronóstico; Respuesta al tratamientoVirus d'Epstein Barr; Pronòstic; Resposta al tractamentThe treatment of head and neck and salivary gland tumours is complicated and evolves constantly. Prognostic and predictive indicators of response to treatment are enormously valuable for designing individualized therapies, which justifies their research and validation. Some biomarkers, such as p16, Epstein–Barr virus, PD-L1, androgen receptors and HER-2, are already used routinely in clinical practice. These biomarkers, along with other markers that are currently under development, and the massively parallel sequencing of genes, ensure future advances in the treatment of these neoplasms. In this consensus, a group of experts in the diagnosis and treatment of tumours of the head and neck and salivary glands were selected by the Spanish Society of Pathology (Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica—SEAP) and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (Sociedad Española de Oncología Médica—SEOM) to evaluate the currently available information and propose a series of recommendations to optimize the determination and daily clinical use of biomarkers.SEOM and SEAP acknowledge the financial support for this project in the form of unrestricted collaboration in the logistics from AstraZeneca

Genetic analysis of traits of interest in wine grapes

[SPA] La competencia actual en los mercados vinícolas hace necesaria la búsqueda de nuevas variedades bien adaptadas y con propiedades exclusivas para la creación de vinos de calidad. Desde el IMIDA se lleva a cabo un programa de mejora de uva de vinificación que pretende dotar de nuevas variedades a los agricultores de la región. La optimización de los programas de mejora pasa por el desarrollo de marcadores moleculares que permitan una temprana selección de los genotipos. El presente trabajo expone el estudio a nivel fenotípico y genotípico de una población híbrida con el objetivo final de encontrar nuevas variedades y posibles marcadores que ayuden en los programas de mejora. [ENG] Currently, the competitive in the wine markets makes necessary seek new varieties well adapted and with exclusive proprieties for high quality wines. The IMIDA’s wine grape breeding program has the aim to obtain new varieties for our region’s growers. The optimization of breeding programs needs the molecular markers development that allows an early genotypic selection. The present work shows the study of a hybrid progeny at phenotypic and genetic level with the final goal to obtain new varieties and molecular markers that help in breeding programs.Ana Fuentes por su ayuda en el laboratorio y al equipo técnico de la finca Hacienda Nueva por el mantenimiento y conservación de la progenie en campo