17,690 research outputs found
Accretion modes in collapsars - prospects for GRB production
We explore low angular momentum accretion flows onto black holes formed after
the collapse of massive stellar cores. In particular, we consider the state of
the gas falling quasi-spherically onto stellar-mass black holes in the
hypercritical regime, where the accretion rates are in the range 0.001 - 0.5
solar masses per second and neutrinos dominate the cooling. Previous studies
have assumed that in order to have a black hole switch to a luminous state, the
condition l >> r_g c, where l is the specific orbital angular momentum of the
infalling gas and r_g is the Schwarszchild radius, needs to be fulfilled. We
argue that flows in hyperaccreting, stellar mass disks around black holes are
likely to transition to a highly radiative state when their angular momentum is
just above the threshold for disk formation, l ~ 2 r_g c. In a range where l
lies between r_g c and 2 r_g c, a dwarf disk forms in which gas spirals rapidly
into the black hole due to general relativistic effects, without any help from
horizontal viscous stresses. For high rotation rates with l greater than 2 r_g
c, the luminosity is supplied by large, hot equatorial bubbles around the black
hole. The highest neutrino luminosities are obtained for l ~ 2 r_g c, and this
value of angular momentum also produces the most energetic neutrinos, and thus
also the highest energy deposition rates. Given the range of l explored in this
work, we argue that, as long as l is greater than 2 r_g c, low angular momentum
cores may in fact be better suited for producing neutrino--driven explosions
following core collapse in supernovae and gamma ray bursts.Comment: Revised version following referee's comments. References added.
Accepted for publication in Ap
Attosecond probing of instantaneous AC Stark shifts in helium atoms
Based on numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation for
either one or two active electrons, we propose a method for observing
instantaneous level shifts in an oscillating strong infrared (IR) field in
time, using a single tunable attosecond pulse to probe excited states of the
perturbed atom. The ionization probability in the combined fields depends on
both, the frequency of the attosecond pulse and the time delay between both
pulses, since the IR field shifts excited energy levels into and out of
resonance with the attosecond probe pulse. We show that this method (i) allows
the detection of instantaneous atomic energy gaps with sub-laser-cycle time
resolution and (ii) can be applied as an ultrafast gate for more complex
processes such as non-sequential double-ionization
Features of the Extension of a Statistical Measure of Complexity to Continuous Systems
We discuss some aspects of the extension to continuous systems of a
statistical measure of complexity introduced by Lopez-Ruiz, Mancini and Calbet
(LMC) [Phys. Lett. A 209 (1995) 321]. In general, the extension of a magnitude
from the discrete to the continuous case is not a trivial process and requires
some choice. In the present study, several possibilities appear available. One
of them is examined in detail. Some interesting properties desirable for any
magnitude of complexity are discovered on this particular extension.Comment: 22 pages, 0 figure
Cooperative Learning for Disaggregated Delay Modeling in Multidomain Networks
Accurate delay estimation is one of the enablers of future network connectivity services, as it facilitates the application layer to anticipate network performance. If such connectivity services require isolation (slicing), such delay estimation should not be limited to a maximum value defined in the Service Level Agreement, but to a finer-grained description of the expected delay in the form of, e.g., a continuous function of the load. Obtaining accurate end-to-end (e2e) delay modeling is even more challenging in a multi-operator (Multi-AS) scenario, where the provisioning of e2e connectivity services is provided across heterogeneous multi-operator (Multi-AS or just domains) networks. In this work, we propose a collaborative environment, where each domain Software Defined Networking (SDN) controller models intra-domain delay components of inter-domain paths and share those models with a broker system providing the e2e connectivity services. The broker, in turn, models the delay of inter-domain links based on e2e monitoring and the received intra-domain models. Exhaustive simulation results show that composing e2e models as the summation of intra-domain network and inter-domain link delay models provides many benefits and increasing performance over the models obtained from e2e measurements
Unveiling the mechanisms of solid-state dewetting in Solid Oxide Cells with novel 2D electrodes
During the operation of Solid Oxide Cell (SOC) fuel electrodes, the mobility of nickel can lead to significant changes in electrode morphology, with accompanying degradation in electrochemical performance. In this work, the dewetting of nickel films supported on yttriastabilized zirconia (YSZ), hereafter called 2D cells, is studied by coupling in-situ environmental scanning electron microscopy (E-SEM), image analysis, cellular automata simulation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Analysis of experimental E-SEM images shows that Ni dewetting causes an increase in active triple phase boundary (aTPB) length up to a maximum, after which a sharp decrease in aTPB occurs due to Ni de-percolation. This microstructural evolution is consistent with the EIS response, which shows a minimum in polarization resistance followed by a rapid electrochemical degradation. These results reveal that neither evaporation-condensation nor surface diffusion of Ni are the main mechanisms of dewetting at 560-800 °C. Rather, the energy barrier for pore nucleation within the dense Ni film appears to be the most important factor. This sheds light on the relevant mechanisms and interfaces that must be controlled to reduce the electrochemical degradation of SOC electrodes induced by Ni dewetting
Quark-Meson Coupling Model for a Nucleon
The quark-meson coupling model for a nucleon is considered. The model
describes a nucleon as an MIT bag, in which quarks are coupled to scalar and
vector mesons. A set of coupled equations for the quark and the meson fields
are obtained and are solved in a self-consistent way. It is shown that the mass
of a nucleon as a dressed MIT bag interacting with sigma- and omega-meson
fields significantly differs from the mass of a free MIT bag. A few sets of
model parameters are obtained so that the mass of a dressed MIT bag becomes the
nucleon mass. The results of our calculations imply that the self-energy of the
bag in the quark-meson coupling model is significant and needs to be considered
in doing the nuclear matter calculations.Comment: 3 figure
Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the Optical Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Source
On 2017 August 17, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory
(LIGO) and the Virgo interferometer detected gravitational waves emanating from
a binary neutron star merger, GW170817. Nearly simultaneously, the Fermi and
INTEGRAL telescopes detected a gamma-ray transient, GRB 170817A. 10.9 hours
after the gravitational wave trigger, we discovered a transient and fading
optical source, Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), coincident with
GW170817. SSS17a is located in NGC 4993, an S0 galaxy at a distance of 40
megaparsecs. The precise location of GW170817 provides an opportunity to probe
the nature of these cataclysmic events by combining electromagnetic and
gravitational-wave observations.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, published today in Scienc
Quasinormal modes of gravitational perturbation around a Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence
In this paper, the quasinormal modes of gravitational perturbation around a
Schwarzschild black hole surrounded by quintessence were evaluated by using the
third-order WKB approximation. Due to the presence of quintessence, the
gravitational wave damps more slowly
Sequestered Dark Matter
We show that hidden-sector dark matter is a generic feature of the type IIB
string theory landscape and that its lifetime may allow for a discovery through
the observation of very energetic gamma-rays produced in the decay. Throats or,
equivalently, conformally sequestered hidden sectors are common in flux
compactifications and the energy deposited in these sectors can be calculated
if the reheating temperature of the standard model sector is known. Assuming
that throats with various warp factors are available in the compact manifold,
we determine which throats maximize the late-time abundance of sequestered dark
matter. For such throats, this abundance agrees with cosmological data if the
standard model reheating temperature was 10^10 - 10^11 GeV. In two distinct
scenarios, the mass of dark matter particles, i.e. the IR scale of the throat,
is either around 10^5 GeV or around 10^10 GeV. The lifetime and the decay
channels of our dark matter candidates depend crucially on the fact that the
Klebanov-Strassler throat is supersymmetric. Furthermore, the details of
supersymmetry breaking both in the throat and in the visible sector play an
essential role. We identify a number of scenarios where this type of dark
matter can be discovered via gamma-ray observations.Comment: 36 pages, 3 figures; v2: references added, v3: introduction extended
and typos correcte
The Gamma Ray Burst section of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Brief Preliminary Report
Original paper can be found at: http://proceedings.aip.org/proceedings/ Copyright American Institute of Physics DOI: 10.1063/1.2943545otherPeer reviewe
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