Histology of the hepatopancreas and anterior intestine in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium carcinus (Crustacea, Decapoda)

The purpose of this study was to describe the structure of the midgut (hepatopancreas and intestine) in the endemic species, Macrobrachium carcinus. Thirty specimens were collected, and the midgut was fixed in Bouin's solution for histological and histochemical analyzes by light microscopy. The hepatopancreas consists of two lobes that connect to the end of the stomach by primary ducts, which originate secondary tubules or hepatopancreatic ducts, that branch into hepatopancreatic tubules. The hepatopancreatic duct presents a columnar epithelium composed of R- and F- cells with evident brush borders for absorption and storage. The hepatopancreatic tubule is lined by epithelium with five cell types (E, F, R, B, and M). The distal region presents all cell types, with a predominance of E-cells that correspond to epithelial renewal. The middle region presents F- and B- cells, characteristic of extracellular and intracellular digestion. The proximal region, with B- and R- cells, performs the final digestion, storage, and extrusion of the cells with waste material. The intestine is lined by a single cell type with an evident brush border, suggesting luminal absorption. This cellular arrangement along the length of the midgut proposes distinct morpho-functional characteristics of digestion, absorption, and storage in this species.Pro-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Sao Paulo State UniversitySao Paulo State Univ, Biol Sci Dept, Sch Sci, UNESP, Campus Bauru, Bauru, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Morphol Dept, Inst Biosci, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, Technol Ctr, Agr Coll Jundiai, Natal, RN, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Aquaculture Ctr, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Biol Sci Dept, Sch Sci, UNESP, Campus Bauru, Bauru, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, Morphol Dept, Inst Biosci, UNESP, Campus Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, BrazilSao Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Aquaculture Ctr, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilPro-Reitoria de Pesquisa, Sao Paulo State University: 4523

Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants

Legacy description not available</p

Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: A pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants

Legacy description not available</p

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions. © Copyright