Elementos para el debate e interpretación del Buen vivir/Sumak kawsay

Resumen: Elementos para el debate e interpretación del Buen vivir/Sumak kawsay es un trabajo que reflexiona sobre el origen, historia, elementos constitutivos e interpretaciones del Buen vivir (Sumak kawsaySuma qamaña). Esta formulación de pensamiento que logró desarrollarse en los países andinos, particularmente en Ecuador y Bolivia; plasmarse en sus respectivas constituciones (Ecuador 2008 y Bolivia 2009) y convertirse en una propuesta que desde América Latina cada día adquiere mayor trascendencia, y poco a poco se convierte en un tema de reflexión universal. Estudiamos sus elementos esenciales y las diversas interpretaciones que hasta el momento se han formulado, incorporando elementos que desde pueblos originarios de diversas latitudes enriquecen el concepto. Por tratarse de no solo de una propuesta filosófico-política, sino de una cosmovisión general que articula las constituciones referidas, con sus implicaciones, estudiamos el Buen vivir en la Constitución Ecuatoriana de 2008 y hacemos un esfuerzo por descender hasta niveles más concretos como las políticas migratorias del gobierno ecuatoriano en el marco del concepto antedicho. Finalmente, incorporamos a vista de pájaro, algunos elementos coincidentes, como la visión del pueblo Jñatjo, del Municipio de San Felipe del Progreso en el Estado de México. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad contribuir al debate y difusión de un tema de trascendencia y actualidad, que por diversos motivos se desconoce grandemente en México y otros países de la región, aunque poco a poco se va convirtiendo en un tópico de su interés

Influence of the disposition of the anisotropy axes into the magnetic properties of Mn-III dinuclear compounds with benzoato derivative bridges

The two new Mn-III dinudear compounds [{Mn-(H2O)(phen)}(2)(mu-4-CH3C6H4COO)(2)(mu-O)](ClO4)(2)center dot 3CH(3)CN center dot H2O (1.3CH(3)CN center dot H2O) and [{Mn(H2O)(phen)}(mu-O)](mu-2-BrC6H4COO)(2){Mn(NO3)(phen)}]NO3 (2) have been synthesized. Their structural data reveal significant differences in the shape of the coordination octahedron around the Mn-III ions in both compounds. The different distortions from ideal geometry incite a very different magnetic behavior, affecting both the zero-field splitting parameters of the Mn-III ions (D-Mn and E-Mn) and the magnetic interaction between them. Compound 1, with elongation in the monodentate ligand direction, shows antiferromagnetic coupling (ground state S = 0) and local D-Mn 0. Theoretical CASSCF and DFT calculations corroborate the different magnetic anisotropy and exchange coupling found in both compounds. Moreover, with the help of theoretical calculations, some interesting magneto-structural correlations have been found between the degree of distortion of the coordination octahedra and the magnetic coupling; it becomes more antiferromagnetic when the elongation parameter, Delta, in absolute value is increased

Knigth's Move in the Periodic Table, From Copper to Platinum, Novel Antitumor Mixed Chelate Copper Compounds, Casiopeinas, Evaluated by an in Vitro Human and Murine Cancer Cell Line Panel

We synthesized a novel anticancer agents based on mixed chelate copper (II) complexes, named Casiopeínas® has of general formula [Cu(N-N)(N-O)H2O]NO3 (where, N-N = diimines as 1,10- phenanthroline, 2,2-bipyridine, or substituted and N-O=aminoeidate or [Cu(N-N)(O-O)H2O]NO3 (where NN= diimines as 10-phenanthroline, 2,2-bipyridine or substituted Casiopeínas I, II, IV, V, VI, VII VIII and O-O=acetylacetonate, salicylaldehidate Casiopínas III). We evaluated the in vitro antitumor activity using a human cancer cell panel and some nurine cancer cells. Eleven Casiopeinas are evaluated in order to acquire some structure-activity correlations and some monodentated Casiopeinäs analogues; cisplatinum was used as control drug. The 50% growth inhibition observed is, in all cases reach with concentrations of Casiopeina's 10 or 100 times lower than cisplatinum. In a previous work we reported the induction of apoptosis by Casiopeina II. The results indicate that Casiopeinass are a promising new anticancer drug candidates to be developed further toward clinical trials

Technological challenges in the preclinical development of an HIV nanovaccine candidate

Despite a very active research in the field of nanomedicine, only a few nano-based drug delivery systems have reached the market. The “death valley” between research and commercialization has been partially attributed to the limited characterization and reproducibility of the nanoformulations. Our group has previously reported the potential of a peptide-based nanovaccine candidate for the prevention of SIV infection in macaques. This vaccine candidate is composed of chitosan/dextran sulfate nanoparticles containing twelve SIV peptide antigens. The aim of this work was to rigorously characterize one of these nanoformulations containing a specific peptide, following a quality-by-design approach. The evaluation of the different quality attributes was performed by several complementary techniques, such as dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and electron microscopy for particle size characterization. The inter-batch reproducibility was validated by three independent laboratories. Finally, the long-term stability and scalability of the manufacturing technique were assessed. Overall, these data, together with the in vivo efficacy results obtained in macaques, underline the promise this new vaccine holds with regard to its translation to clinical trialsThis work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research program (NanoPilot project – grant agreement number 646142) and by Xunta de Galicia’s Grupos de referencia competitiva (grant number ED431C 2017/09). T.G. Dacoba acknowledges a predoctoral FPU grant from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (grant number FPU14/05866)S

Antibody prevalence to mumps in children and adolescents at two years of the introduction of the MMR vaccine

Objective. To assess the prevalence of mumps antibodies in children and adolescents of Mexico, two years after the introduction of the mumps-containing vaccine MMR. Ma­terials and methods. Evaluation of IgG antibodies with a commercial kit of indirect ELISA. Results. 2 111 children (1-9 years) and 2 484 adolescents (10-19 years) were studied. The overall antibody seroprevalence was 70.6% (95% CI 69.3- 71.9), being higher in adolescents (83.0%, 95%CI 81.5-84.5) than in children (56.0%, 95%CI: 53.9-58.11) (OR 3.83, 95%CI 3.34-4.39, p=0.0000000). Children 1 to 2 and 6 to 9 years who were part of the target group of mumps vaccination since 1998, they had higher seroprevalence than the group of 3 to 5 years unvaccinated. Conclusions. Seropositivity in children aged 1 to 2 and 6 to 9 years was probably at­tributable to vaccination during 1998-2000 and in other age groups to natural exposure related to time elapsed in each birth cohort until the study recruitment

Characteristic Evolution and Matching

I review the development of numerical evolution codes for general relativity based upon the characteristic initial value problem. Progress in characteristic evolution is traced from the early stage of 1D feasibility studies to 2D axisymmetric codes that accurately simulate the oscillations and gravitational collapse of relativistic stars and to current 3D codes that provide pieces of a binary black hole spacetime. Cauchy codes have now been successful at simulating all aspects of the binary black hole problem inside an artificially constructed outer boundary. A prime application of characteristic evolution is to extend such simulations to null infinity where the waveform from the binary inspiral and merger can be unambiguously computed. This has now been accomplished by Cauchy-characteristic extraction, where data for the characteristic evolution is supplied by Cauchy data on an extraction worldtube inside the artificial outer boundary. The ultimate application of characteristic evolution is to eliminate the role of this outer boundary by constructing a global solution via Cauchy-characteristic matching. Progress in this direction is discussed.Comment: New version to appear in Living Reviews 2012. arXiv admin note: updated version of arXiv:gr-qc/050809

A high dietary glycemic index increases total mortality in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk

OBJECTIVE: Different types of carbohydrates have diverse glycemic response, thus glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are used to assess this variation. The impact of dietary GI and GL in all-cause mortality is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate the association between dietary GI and GL and risk of all-cause mortality in the PREDIMED study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The PREDIMED study is a randomized nutritional intervention trial for primary cardiovascular prevention based on community-dwelling men and women at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary information was collected at baseline and yearly using a validated 137-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We assigned GI values of each item by a 5-step methodology, using the International Tables of GI and GL Values. Deaths were ascertained through contact with families and general practitioners, review of medical records and consultation of the National Death Index. Cox regression models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% CI for mortality, according to quartiles of energy-adjusted dietary GI/GL. To assess repeated measures of exposure, we updated GI and GL intakes from the yearly FFQs and used Cox models with time-dependent exposures. RESULTS: We followed 3,583 non-diabetic subjects (4.7 years of follow-up, 123 deaths). As compared to participants in the lowest quartile of baseline dietary GI, those in the highest quartile showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality [HR = 2.15 (95% CI: 1.15-4.04); P for trend  = 0.012]. In the repeated-measures analyses using as exposure the yearly updated information on GI, we observed a similar association. Dietary GL was associated with all-cause mortality only when subjects were younger than 75 years. CONCLUSIONS: High dietary GI was positively associated with all-cause mortality in elderly population at high cardiovascular risk

Multicenter prospective clinical study to evaluate children short-term neurodevelopmental outcome in congenital heart disease (children NEURO-HEART): study protocol.

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent congenital malformation affecting 1 in 100 newborns. While advances in early diagnosis and postnatal management have increased survival in CHD children, worrying long-term outcomes, particularly neurodevelopmental disability, have emerged as a key prognostic factor in the counseling of these pregnancies. METHODS: Eligible participants are women presenting at 20 to < 37 weeks of gestation carrying a fetus with CHD. Maternal/neonatal recordings are performed at regular intervals, from the fetal period to 24 months of age, and include: placental and fetal hemodynamics, fetal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional echocardiography, cerebral oxymetry, electroencephalography and serum neurological and cardiac biomarkers. Neurodevelopmental assessment is planned at 12 months of age using the ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ) and at 24 months of age with the Bayley-III test. Target recruitment is at least 150 cases classified in three groups according to three main severe CHD groups: transposition of great arteries (TGA), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction (LVOTO). DISCUSSION: The results of NEURO-HEART study will provide the most comprehensive knowledge until date of children's neurologic prognosis in CHD and will have the potential for developing future clinical decisive tools and improving preventive strategies in CHD

Association between tomato consumption and blood pressure in an older population at high cardiovascular risk: observational analysis of PREDIMED trial

Aims: Clinical studies have produced conflicting evidence on the effects of the consumption of tomatoes on blood pressure, and there are limited data from epidemiologic studies. This study assesses whether tomato consumption (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is associated with Systolic (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), and the risk of hypertension in a prospective 3-year longitudinal study in older adults at high cardiovascular risk.Methods: The present study was carried out within the PREDIMED (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea) trial involving 7,056 (82.5% hypertensive) participants. The consumption of tomato (g/d) was measured using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and categorized into 4 groups: lowest (110 g). Multilevel linear mixed models examined blood pressure and tomato consumption association. Cox proportional-hazards models analyzed hypertension risk in 1,097 non-hypertensive participants, studying risk reductions versus the lowest tomato consumers.Results: An inverse association between tomato consumption and diastolic blood pressure was observed between the intermediate group β = -0.65 mmHg [95% CI:-1.20, -0.10] and the lowest consumption group. A significant inverse association was observed for blood pressure in grade 1 hypertension participants in the intermediate tomato consumption group. The risk of hypertension decreased with consumption of >110 g/d tomato (highest vs lowest consumption; HR, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.51-0.89]).Conclusions: Tomato consumption, including tomato-based products, is beneficial in preventing and managing hypertension. Higher tomato intake reduces hypertension risk by 36%, and moderate consumption lowers blood pressure, especially in grade 1 hypertension.</p