Isolation,Identification and Characteristics of Cellulose-degrading Bacteria

[Objectives]To isolate and identify characteristics of the cellulose-degrading bacteria.[Methods]In view of the poor effect of crop straw composting,the strains which can degrade cellulose were isolated and purified from the soil piled with rice straw,and the strains A2 and A5 with high efficiency of cellulose degradation were finally screened through the transparent circle,cellulase activity and filter paper disintegration experiments.[Results]It was confirmed that the strains A2 and A5 could degrade cellulose well.The results of 16s rDNA showed that A2 was Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana and A5 was Bacillus cibi.[Conclusions]The results of this study are expected to provide high-quality strain resources for the degradation of cellulose in straw,and have important application value for improving the efficiency of straw composting

Isolation,Identification and Characteristics of Cellulose-degrading Bacteria

[Objectives]To isolate and identify characteristics of the cellulose-degrading bacteria.[Methods]In view of the poor effect of crop straw composting,the strains which can degrade cellulose were isolated and purified from the soil piled with rice straw,and the strains A2 and A5 with high efficiency of cellulose degradation were finally screened through the transparent circle,cellulase activity and filter paper disintegration experiments.[Results]It was confirmed that the strains A2 and A5 could degrade cellulose well.The results of 16s rDNA showed that A2 was Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana and A5 was Bacillus cibi.[Conclusions]The results of this study are expected to provide high-quality strain resources for the degradation of cellulose in straw,and have important application value for improving the efficiency of straw composting

Using causal inference to avoid fallouts in data-driven parametric analysis: A case study in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry

The decision-making process in real-world implementations has been affected by a growing reliance on data-driven models. Recognizing the limitations of isolated methodologies - namely, the lack of domain understanding in data-driven models, the subjective nature of empirical knowledge, and the idealized assumptions in first-principles simulations, we explore their synergetic integration. We showed the potential risk of biased results when using data-driven models without causal analysis. Through a case study on energy consumption in building design, we demonstrate how causal analysis significantly enhances the modeling process, mitigating biases and spurious correlations. We concluded that: (a) Sole data-driven models' accuracy assessment or domain knowledge screening may not rule out biased and spurious results; (b) Data-driven models' feature selection should involve careful consideration of causal relationships, especially colliders; (c) Integrating causal analysis results aid to first-principles simulation design and parameter checking to avoid cognitive biases. We advocate for the routine integration of causal inference within data-driven models in engineering practices, emphasizing its critical role in ensuring the models' reliability and real-world applicability

Circular RNA circPOLR2A promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by facilitating the UBE3C-induced ubiquitination of PEBP1 and, thereby, activating the ERK signaling pathway

Abstract Background Increasing evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in cancer progression. However, the aberrant expression and biological functions of circRNAs in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (cRCC) remain largely elusive. Method Differentially expressed circRNAs in cRCC were filtered via bioinformatics analysis. Aberrant circPOLR2A expression was validated in cRCC tissues and cell lines via qRT-PCR. Sanger sequencing was used to identify the backsplicing site of circPOLR2A. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed to evaluate the role of circPOLR2A in cRCC malignancy. RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RIP, FISH and immunofluorescence assays were used to identify and validate the circPOLR2A-interacting proteins. Ubiquitination modification and interaction between proteins were detected via Co-IP and western blotting. The m6A modification in circPOLR2A was validated by the meRIP assay. Results Bioinformatics analysis revealed that circPOLR2A was highly expressed in cRCC tissues and metastatic cRCC tissues. CircPOLR2A expression was associated with tumor size and TNM stage in cRCC patients. In vitro and in vivo functional assays revealed that circPOLR2A accelerated cRCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis, while inhibiting apoptosis. Further mechanistic research suggested that circPOLR2A could interact with UBE3C and PEBP1 proteins, and that UBE3C could act as a specific ubiquitin E3 ligase for the PEBP1 protein. The UBE3C/circPOLR2A/PEBP1 protein-RNA ternary complex enhanced the UBE3C-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of the PEBP1 protein which could inactivate the ERK signaling pathway. Rescue experiments revealed that the PEBP1 protein was the functional downstream target of circPOLR2A. Furthermore, m6A modification in circPOLR2A was confirmed, and the m6A reader YTHDF2 could regulate circPOLR2A expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that circPOLR2A modulated the UBE3C-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of the PEBP1 protein, and further activated the ERK pathway during cRCC progression and metastasis. The m6A reader, YTHDF2, regulated circPOLR2A expression in cRCC. Hence, circPOLR2A could be a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of cRCC

East Asian monsoon variability over the last seven glacial cycles recorded by a loess sequence from the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau

A 180-m-thick loess-paleosol sequence from the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau was investigated to construct a high-resolution record of the East Asian monsoon variability over the last seven glacial-interglacial cycles. The low-field magnetic susceptibility (?, mass-specific) and the mean grain size are used as proxies for changes in the intensity of the East Asian summer and winter monsoon, respectively. Because of the weaker pedogenesis at the northwestern Chinese Loess Plateau compared to the central Chinese Loess Plateau, our ? and mean grain size records show a muted glacial-interglacial contrast for the Asian summer monsoon but an enhanced contrast for the Asian winter monsoon. Although better resolved, most orbital-scale East Asian monsoon variations captured by our ? and grain size records are similar to those reported from the central Chinese Loess Plateau. Nevertheless, variations in ? exhibit clear precessional cycles in three paleosol layers (i.e., S1, S2, and S3), corresponding with solar insolation maxima. Furthermore, unlike ? records at the central Chinese Loess Plateau where ? is dramatically enhanced at paleosol S5SS1 (corresponding to marine isotope stage 13), our new ? record shows a major enhancement at paleosol S4 (corresponding to marine isotope stage 11), which indicates geographic differences in the timing of local monsoon precipitation in the two regions