A study of a purple acid phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana

published_or_final_versionBiological SciencesDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph

A study of a purple acid phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana

published_or_final_versionBiological SciencesDoctoralDoctor of Philosoph

Antifungal Effects of Seven Biological Fungicides Against the Pathogen Causing Stem Rot Disease in Passion Fruits

【Objective】In order to screen safe and effective fungicides to provide guidance for passion fruit production, seven biological fungicides were used as materials to study their control effects on the pathogen causing stem rot disease in passion fruits.【Method】Seven botanical and microbiological fungicides were used to determine their toxicity effects on the pathogen causing stem rot disease in passion fruits by mycelium growth rate method, the effects of fungicides on mycelium growth and spore morphology were observed, and their control effects were tested by in vivo inoculation method.【Result】All the selected fungicides showed inhibition effects on mycelium growth but had different effects on spore growth and morphology. Based on the indoor toxicity test results, among the botanical fungicides, Jinggangmycin showed the best inhibition effect with an EC50 of 7.79 mg/L, followed by Chunleimycin, ethylallicin and matrine, with the EC50 of 26.35 mg/L, 28.65 mg/L and 339.13 mg/L, respectively. Polyxins showed the lowest effect with an EC50 of 1 150.29 mg/L. Microbiological fungicide of Bacillus subtilis showed better effect than Trichoderma harzianum, with an EC50 of 3.2×106 CFU/g. The four screened fungicides of Jinggangmycin, Chunleimycin, ethylallicin and B. subtilis showed antifungal effects on different strains of fusarium pathogen. The in vivo inoculation test and field test showed that Jinggangmycin and B. subtilis had remarkable control effects on the pathogen causing stem rot disease in passion fruits, with in vivo inoculation control efficacy of 58.8% and 70.6%, respectively, and field control efficacy of 53.7% and 61.3%, respectively.【Conclusion】Two biological fungicides of B. subtilis and Jinggangmycin were screened out for their optimal control effects on the stem rot disease in passion fruits. It can provide alternatives or effective supplements for chemical fungicides for the control of stem rot disease, which could be promoted and applied

Contamination of bananas with beauvericin and fusaric acid produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

CITATION: Li, C. et al. 2013. Contamination of bananas with beauvericin and fusaric acid produced by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. PLoS ONE, 8(7): e70226, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070226.The original publication is available from: http://journals.plos.orgBackground Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is one of the most destructive diseases of banana. Toxins produced by Foc have been proposed to play an important role during the pathogenic process. The objectives of this study were to investigate the contamination of banana with toxins produced by Foc, and to elucidate their role in pathogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty isolates of Foc representing races 1 and 4 were isolated from diseased bananas in five Chinese provinces. Two toxins were consistently associated with Foc, fusaric acid (FA) and beauvericin (BEA). Cytotoxicity of the two toxins on banana protoplast was determined using the Alamar Blue assay. The virulence of 20 Foc isolates was further tested by inoculating tissue culture banana plantlets, and the contents of toxins determined in banana roots, pseudostems and leaves. Virulence of Foc isolates correlated well with toxin deposition in the host plant. To determine the natural occurrence of the two toxins in banana plants with Fusarium wilt symptoms, samples were collected before harvest from the pseudostems, fruit and leaves from 10 Pisang Awak ‘Guangfen #1’ and 10 Cavendish ‘Brazilian’ plants. Fusaric acid and BEA were detected in all the tissues, including the fruits. Conclusions/Signficance The current study provides the first investigation of toxins produced by Foc in banana. The toxins produced by Foc, and their levels of contamination of banana fruits, however, were too low to be of concern to human and animal health. Rather, these toxins appear to contribute to the pathogenicity of the fungus during infection of banana plants.http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0070226Publisher's versio

Isolated <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> contaminanting and distribution of beauvericin (BEA) and fusaric acid (FA) toxins in <i>Musa</i> AAA Cavendish banana plant tissues.

<p>Note:ND, Not Detected. Controll and Control2 were healthy Musa AAA Cavendish Brazilian from Panyu and Dongguan respectively.</p>a<p>The <i>Fusarium</i> isolates were maintained at Agricultural Culture Collection of China (ACCC).</p>b<p>Detection limits for BEA and FA were 6.0 and 4.8 ng/g respectively.</p

In Vitro toxin production of isolates of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i>.

a<p>The <i>Foc</i> isolates were maintained at Agricultural Culture Collection of China (ACCC) and Control1 and Control2 were inoculated with sterile deionised water.</p>b<p>Banana plant host: Br, Brazilian; GF, Guangfen #1”.</p>c<p>Detection limits for BEA and FA were 6.0 and 4.8ng/g respectively, and the data were the means of three replications. Mean values in the same column followed by the different letter are significantly different by Fisher’s protected least significant difference test (P<0.05).</p

Isolated <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> contaminanting and distribution of beauvericin (BEA) and fusaric acid (FA) toxins in <i>Musa</i> ABB Pisang awak Guangfen #1 plant tissues.

<p>Note: ND, not detected. Control1 and Control2 were healthy Musa ABB Pisang awak Guangfen #1 from Panyu and Dongguan respectively.</p>a<p>The <i>Fusarium</i> isolates were maintained at Agricultural Culture Collection of China (ACCC).</p>b<p>Detection limits for BEA and FA were 6.0 and 4.8 ng/g respectively.</p