The acceleration of metastases after tumor removal and the paradoxical phenomenon of concomitant tumor resistance

Although surgical extirpation of tumors is usually clinically recommended, tumor removal may entail an undesired side effect: the risk of accelerating the growth of metastases. This effect may account for the relatively modest survival benefits observed when surgery is accomplished after tumor cells have already disseminated to distant anatomical sites even when tumor removal is combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Although different mechanisms could contribute to the enhancement of residual tumor growth after tumor removal, probably a main effect is associated with the withdrawing of an inhibitory effect generated, by certain circumstances, by the primary tumor on its own metastases. This inhibitory effect is a particular case of a more general and paradoxical phenomenon known as concomitant tumor resistance (CR) in which a tumor-bearing host inhibits or retards the growth of secondary tumor implants despite the fact that the primary tumor grows progressively. In this essay we especially focus on the last investigations of our laboratory concerningthe importance of tyrosine isomers as mediators of the phenomenon of CR and on their capacity to inhibit established metastases. Taking into account that metastases are considered the main problem in cancer pathology, our investigations aimed to elucidate the molecular basis of the phenomenon of CR might stimulate the design of new and less harmful means of managing malignant diseases, especially by controlling the growth of metastases after the removal of a primary tumor, or after other injuries or stressors that have been claimed to promote the escape of metastases from dormancy.Fil: Montagna, Daniela Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Chiarella, Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Meiss, Roberto P.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Ruggiero, Raul Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentin

Fiber R and D for the CMS HCAL

This paper documents the fiber R and D for the CMS hadron barrel calorimeter (HCAL). The R and D includes measurements of fiber flexibility, splicing, mirror reflectivity, relative light yield, attenuation length, radiation effects, absolute light yield, and transverse tile uniformity. Schematics of the hardware for each measurement are shown. These studies are done for different diameters and kinds of multiclad fiber.Comment: 23 pages, 30 Figures 89 pages, 41 figures, corresponding author: H. Budd, [email protected]

The definition of corporate corruption prevention during the last decade: Bibliometrics and content data for the future research agenda

The purpose of this research is to provide a valuable study about the development of literature on corruption prevention during the last decade suggesting the way for the future agenda. We collected documents with the aims to develop a structured literature review (SLR). We collected 113 documents adopting a not grey analysis. Our results shows two main research areas: (i) the corruption prevention understanding its features and using accounting and ethical activities in the business and government procurement and (ii) anticorruption measures, disclosure and behaviours as renewed tools to increase corporate governance sustainability and corporate social responsibility. This is the first time for proposing the SLR on corporate corruption preventions and renewed models directed to build an updated background and emerging issues. This paper is original because proposes for the first time the literature collection of corporate corruption prevention's models providing valuable insights, critique and definition for the future research

Subsystem trace distance in quantum field theory

We develop a systematic method to calculate the trace distance between two reduced density matrices in 1+1 dimensional quantum field theories. The approach exploits the path integral representation of the reduced density matrices and an ad hoc replica trick. We then extensively apply this method to the calculation of the distance between reduced density matrices of one interval of length in eigenstates of conformal field theories. When the interval is short, using the operator product expansion of twist operators, we obtain a universal form for the leading order in of the trace distance. We compute the trace distances among the reduced density matrices of several low lying states in two-dimensional free massless boson and fermion theories. We compare our analytic conformal results with numerical calculations in XX and Ising spin chains finding perfect agreement

The Lense-Thirring effect in the Jovian system of the Galilean satellites and its measurability

In this paper we investigate the possibility of measuring the post-Newtonian general relativistic gravitomagnetic Lense-Thirring effect in the Jovian system of its Galilean satellites Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto in view of recent developments in processing and modelling their optical observations spanning a large time interval (125 years). The present day best observations have an accuracy between several kilometers to few tens of kilometers, which is just the order of magnitude of the Lense-Thirring shifts of the orbits of the Galilean satellites over almost a century. From a comparison between analytical development and numerical integration it turns out that, unfortunately, most of the secular component of the gravitomagnetic signature is removed in the process of fitting the initial conditions. Indeed, an estimation of the magnitude of the Lense-Thirring effect in the ephemerides residuals is given; the resulting residuals have a maximum magnitude of 20 meters only (over 125 years).Comment: Latex, 10 pages, 4 tables, 3 figures, 27 references. Invited paper for a Special Issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. D on the Lense-Thirring effect, D. Grumiller edito