Rastreabilidade de pêssegos produzidos no sistema de produção integrada no Sul do Brasil

Traceability is becoming the most effective method to provide a safer food chain and connection producers to consumers. This paper report the application and validation of a traceability system on the production chain of peaches, according the rules for Integrated Production of Peach (IP) and a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems. The harvesting plots were discriminated using a Global Positioning System (GPS) device. The horticultural practices were registered in a field book according to the Brazilian IP rules. Boxes to transport the fruit, from the orchard on, were barcode labelled to identify the fruits in terms of origin (orchard and harvesting plot), cultivar, quality, picking date and time. Arriving in the factory, by an optical barcode reading device, the fruits in the boxes were assigned to homogeneous batches. Peach cans were labelled according to their corresponding batch number and monitored based on physical and chemical analysis as preconized by the IP rules and HACCP system. An electronic data base was set up and placed over the Internet. Using the batch number, the history of each peaches can could be traceable back to their harvesting plot. Therefore, manufacturers can monitor the product at any time and take any necessary action, such as product recall and/or product reprocessing.A rastreabilidade está se tornando o método mais efetivo para assegurar uma cadeia alimentar mais segura e conectar produtores e consumidores. Nesse trabalho relatamos a aplicação e validação de um sistema de rastreabilidade na cadeia produtiva do pêssego, de acordo com as Normas Brasileiras para Produção Integrada de Pêssego (PIP) e Análises de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC). As parcelas de colheita foram discriminadas utilizando-se um aparelho de GPS (Global Positioning System). As práticas horticulturais foram registradas no caderno de campo, de acordo com as normas da PIP. As caixas para transportar as frutas, desde a lavoura, foram etiquetadas com código de barra para identificar as frutas em termos de origem (pomar e parcela de colheita), cultivar, qualidade, data e hora de colheita. Na indústria, utilizando-se um leitor ótico de código de barras, as frutas de cada caixa foram alocadas para um determinado lote homogêneo para fins de processamento. As latas de pêssego foram etiquetadas com o número do lote homogêneo correspondente, foi monitorado com base em análise físicas e químicas, de acordo com as regras da PIP e da APPCC. Uma base d e dados eletrônica foi construída e disponibilizada através da Internet. Utilizando-se o número do lote, foi possível obter todas as informações desde a(s) parcela(s) de colheita correspondente(s) a uma determinada lata de pêssego

Temporal dynamics of Plasmopara viticola as function of bud load increase in 'Sauvignon Blanc'

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do aumento de carga de gemas por planta nas variáveis epidemiológicas de míldio em 'Sauvignon Blanc'. O estudo foi realizado em um vinhedo comercial em uma região de altitude do munícipio de São Joaquim, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil, durante as safras de 2016/2017 e 2017/2018. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro cargas de gemas: 15, 30, 50 e 75 por videira. Incidência máxima, severidade máxima, início da aparição dos sintomas, tempo para alcançar a máxima incidência e severidade da doença, área abaixo da curva de progresso da incidência e abaixo da curva de progresso da severidade da doença foram determinados. O aumento da carga de gemas acima de 50 gemas por videira resulta em aumento da incidência e severidade de míldio (Plasmopara viticola) nas folhas de 'Sauvignon Blanc', mas não influencia o tempo para atingir a máxima incidência e severidade da doença. O aumento da carga de gemas acima de 50 por videira resulta em aumento da área abaixo da curva de progresso de incidência e severidade da doença para o míldio nas folhas de 'Sauvignon Blanc'. Para adotar o tratamento de mais de 50 gemas por videira, é necessário utilizar medidas adicionais de controle de doenças, com ênfase no manejo integrado para controle de míldio da videira.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of increasing bud load per plant on epidemiological variables of downy mildew on 'Sauvignon Blanc'. The study was carried out in a commercial vineyard in a high-altitude region of the municipality of São Joaquim, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 vintages. The treatments consisted of four bud loads: 15, 30, 50, and 75 per vine. The maximum incidence, maximum severity, beginning of symptom appearance, time to reach maximum disease incidence and severity, area under the incidence and severity disease progress curve were determined. Increasing bud load over 50 per vine results in higher incidence and severity of downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in 'Sauvignon Blanc' leaves but does not influence the time to reach maximum disease incidence and severity. Increasing bud load over 50 per vine results in an increase in the area under the disease incidence and severity progress curve for downy mildew in 'Sauvignon Blanc' leaves. To adopt over 50 buds per vine treatment, it is necessary additional disease control measures, with an emphasis on integrated management to control downy mildew

Cultivo in vitro do cultivar italiano de morangueiro Pircinque

Estudos sobre a multiplicação de cultivares de morangueiro recentemente introduzidos no Brasil são necessários para verificar o potencial de produção das mudas. Verificaram-se dois meios de cultura (KNOP e MS) e componentes, no estabelecimento e multiplicação in vitro de Pircinque, a fim de otimizar o protocolo de micropropagação para o cultivar. Pesquisaram-se concentrações de PPM® durante o estabelecimento e na multiplicação, níveis de sacarose, ágar, carvão ativado, Fe EDDHa, BAP e GA3. Além disso, foi avaliada a influência da “dupla fase”, com combinações do meio de cultivo, carvão ativado e BAP. Concluiu-se que, no estabelecimento, KNOP + 2 mL L-1 PPM possibilita maior sobrevivência dos explantes, enquanto o meio de cultura MS favorece a multiplicação deles. A adição dos seguintes componentes é indicada para a maior eficiência da técnica: 30 g L-1 sacarose; 6 g L-1 ágar; 4 g L-1 carvão ativado; 0,1 g L-1 Fe EDDHA; 1 mg L-1 BAP; e 0,250 mg L-1 GA3. Após cultivo em meio MS sólido, indica-se o uso da técnica de “dupla fase”, com adição de MS líquido com a combinação de 0,5 mg L-1 de BAP e de 4 g L-1 de carvão ativado

Avaliação do teor de clorofila da videira ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ em função do aumento da carga de gemas

The increase in plant-1 bud load can be an alternative to improve the vegeto-productive balance of the vine, however, by providing greater density of the vegetative canopy, it can result in a reduction in the chlorophyll content in the leaves. In view of this, the objective is to evaluate the chlorophyll content in leaves as a function of the increase in bud load in the 'Sauvignon Blanc' vine grown in an altitude region of Santa Catarina. The present work was carried out during two agricultural seasons, 2017 and 2018, in the municipality of São Joaquim - SC. Sauvignon Blanc vine plants were used, grafted onto 'Paulsen 1103'. The treatments consisted of four different levels of bud loads: 15, 30, 50 and 75 buds plant-1. The chlorophyll content of the leaves was evaluated as a function of the bud load at different phenological stages, separate inflorescence, full bloom, lead grain, pea grain, turn and color and harvest, using the SPAD-502 equipment. The increase in the bud load did not influence the chlorophyll contents in different phenological stages evaluated, only in the pea grain phenological stage it was observed that the increase in the bud load resulted in an increase in the chlorophyll contents in the leaves of the 'Sauvignon Blanc' vine, during the 2017 harvest, with no effect on the 2018 harvest.. Regarding the temporal monitoring, it is concluded that the chlorophyll contents increase until the phenological stage grain pea, with a decrease in their values in the verison, with a new increase occurring until the moment of the harvest.O aumento da carga de gemas planta-1 pode ser uma alternativa para melhor o equilíbrio vegeto-produtivo da videira, no entanto, por propiciar maior adensamento do dossel vegetativo, pode resultar em redução do teor de clorofila nas folhas. Diante disso, tem-se como como objetivo avaliar os teores de clorofila em folhas em função do aumento da carga de gemas na videira ‘Sauvignon Blanc’ cultivada em região de altitude de Santa Catarina. O presente trabalho foi conduzido durante duas safras, 2017 e 2018, no munícipio de São Joaquim – SC. Utilizaram-se plantas de videira Sauvignon Blanc, enxertadas sobre ‘Paulsen 1103’. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro diferentes níveis de cargas de gemas: 15, 30, 50 e 75 gemas planta-1.  Avaliou-se o teor de clorofila das folhas em função da carga de gemas em diferentes estádios fenológicos inflorescência separada, plena florada, grão chumbinho, grão ervilha, virada e de cor e colheita, através do equipamento SPAD-502. O aumento da carga de gemas não influenciou os teores de clorofila em diferentes estádios fenológicos avaliados, apenas no estádio fenológico grão ervilha observou-se que o aumento da carga de gemas resultou em aumento dos teores de clorofila nas folhas da videira ‘Sauvignon Blanc’, durante a safra 2017, não havendo efeito na safra 2018. Em relação ao acompanhamento temporal, conclui-se que os teores de clorofila aumentam até o estádio fenológico grão ervilha, havendo decréscimo dos seus valores no veráison, ocorrendo novo aumento até o momento da colheita

Chemical and phenolic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines made in altitude region of Santa Catarina state - Brazil

The objective of this work was to perform a characterization of chemical and phenolic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines produced in the altitude region of Santa Catarina State. The study was carried out with samples of commercial wines, in 2012 and 2013 vintages, selected from nine wineries. Two samples were taken from each winery to carry out the characterization of chemical compounds, evaluating, in triplicate: ethanol, residual sugar, pH, total acidity, color, total polyphenols and individual phenolic compounds. The results of chemical and phenolic evaluations of commercial wines 'Sauvignon Blanc' demonstrate the quality of these products, with high alcohol content and preservation of organic acids, due to the climatic characteristics of the region, which influence grape maturation. All evaluated samples presented reducing sugar values lower than 5 g L-1, indicating that they were all dry wines. In addition, they presented a coloration (Abs 420nm) of 0.12, these values can be considered low, indicating the absence of oxidation process in the wines. The phenolic compound most present in the wines was caftaric acid, in both vintages. With the exception of p-coumaric acid and GRP the commercial 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines, vintage 2013, presented the highest values of individual phenolic compounds.The profile of secondary compounds, such as polyphenols, directly influences the wines sensory characteristics and, therefore, these substances are widely used to differentiate the geographic region of origin of these products. The objective of this work was to perform a characterization of chemical and phenolic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines produced in the altitude region of Santa Catarina State. The study was carried out with samples of commercial wines, in 2012 and 2013 vintages, selected from nine wineries. Two samples were taken from each winery to carry out the characterization of chemical compounds, evaluating, in triplicate: ethanol, residual sugar, pH, total acidity, color, total polyphenols and individual phenolic compounds. The results of chemical and phenolic evaluations of commercial wines 'Sauvignon Blanc' demonstrate the quality of these products, with high alcohol content and preservation of organic acids, due to the climatic characteristics of the region, which influence grape maturation. All evaluated samples presented reducing sugar values lower than 5 g L-1, indicating that they were all dry wines. In addition, they presented a coloration (Abs 420nm) of 0.12, these values can be considered low, indicating the absence of oxidation process in the wines. The phenolic compound most present in the wines was caftaric acid, in both vintages. With the exception of p-coumaric acid and GRP the commercial 'Sauvignon Blanc' wines, vintage 2013, presented the highest values of individual phenolic compounds

Early leaf removal as strategy to reduce Botrytis bunch rot on Chardonnay grapevine in high altitude region of Santa Catarina state

The objective of this work is to compare different periods of leaf removal in the control of this disease in Chardonnay grown in high altitude regions of Santa Catarina - Brazil. The experiments were conducted in São Joaquim city, in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The treatments consisted of leaf removal at the phenological stages of full bloom, buckshot berries, pea-sized berries, veraison, and the control treatment, in which the plants without leaf removal. Epidemiological variables were calculated from: beginning of symptom appearance; times to reach maximum disease incidence and severity; maximum disease incidence and severity; and areas under the incidence and severity disease progress curves. The results of the present work show the importance of early leaf removal of Chardonnay in management of B. cinerea, it is recommended to be carried out at the phenological stages of full bloom, buckshot berries and pea-sized berries, as it provides a reduction in the maximum severity of B. cinerea and a reduction of AUSDPC. The rate of disease progression demonstrated that B. cinerea infection and development was faster in plants not submitted to leaf removal. The management of early leaf removal is efficient to prevent the development of B. cinerea in Chardonnay.The objective of this work is to compare different periods of leaf removal in the control of this disease in Chardonnay grown in high altitude regions of Santa Catarina - Brazil. The experiments were conducted in São Joaquim city, in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The treatments consisted of leaf removal at the phenological stages of full bloom, buckshot berries, pea-sized berries, veraison, and the control treatment, in which the plants without leaf removal. Epidemiological variables were calculated from: beginning of symptom appearance; times to reach maximum disease incidence and severity; maximum disease incidence and severity; and areas under the incidence and severity disease progress curves. The results of the present work show the importance of early leaf removal of Chardonnay in management of Botrytis cinerea, it is recommended to be carried out at the phenological stages of full bloom, buckshot berries and pea-sized berries, as it provides a reduction in the maximum severity of B. cinerea and a reduction of AUSDPC. The rate of disease progression demonstrated that B. cinerea infection and development was faster in plants not submitted to leaf removal. the management of early leaf removal (performed before veraison) is more efficient to prevent or suppress the development of B. cinerea in Chardonnay in edaphoclimatic conditions of high altitude regions of Santa Catarina (Brazil)

Composição físico-química e aromática de vinho 'Sauvignon Blanc' obtido dos sistemas de sustentação Y e espaldeira

The objective of this work was to compare the effect of the Y-trellis and vertical shoot position trellis (VSP) training systems on the physicochemical composition and aromatic profile of 'Sauvignon Blanc' (Vitis vinifera) wines in a high-altitude region of the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. The experiment was conducted during the 2015 vintage in a commercial vineyard located in the municipality of São Joaquim. The treatments consisted of the training systems: Y-trellis and VSP pruned in spur cordon. Sixty kilograms of grapes were harvested from each training system to make the wines, which were evaluated as to their chemical and phenolic composition and aromatic profile. There is no effect of the training system on the wine chemical variables pH, total acidity, color, and total polyphenols. The aromatic profile and phenolic composition of the wines are affected by the training systems, being related to the variables ethyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, 3-methyl-1-butanol, propanoic acid, and gallic acid in the Y-trellis, and to 1-hexanol, isovaleric acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, and catechin in VSP. The Y-trellis system can be an alternative for high-altitude regions of Southern Brazil.O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos sistemas de sustentação ípsilon e espaldeira na composição físico-química e no perfil aromático de vinhos 'Sauvignon Blanc' (Vitis vinifera), em região de elevada altitude no estado de Santa Catarina, no Sul do Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido durante a safra 2015 em vinhedo comercial localizado no município de São Joaquim. Os tratamentos consistiram nos sistemas: sustentação Y e espaldeira podada em cordão esporonado. Foram colhidos 60 kg de uva de cada sistema de sustentação para a elaboração dos vinhos, os quais foram avaliados quanto à sua composição química e fenólica e ao seu perfil aromático. Não há efeito do sistema de sustentação nas variáveis físico-químicas do vinho pH, acidez total, coloração e polifenóis totais. O perfil aromático e a composição fenólica dos vinhos são influenciados pelos sistemas de condução, tendo se relacionado com as variáveis acetato de etila, acetato de isoamila, 3-metil-1-butanol, ácido propanoico e ácido gálico no sistema em Y, e com 1-hexanol, ácido isovalérico, ácido caproico, ácido cáprico e catequina no sistema em espaldeira. O sistema em Y pode ser uma alternativa para regiões de elevada altitude no Sul do Brasil

EVALUATING THE PERFORMANCE OF A SEMI-AUTOMATIC APPLE FRUIT DETECTION IN A HIGH-DENSITY ORCHARD SYSTEM USING LOW-COST DIGITAL RGB IMAGING SENSOR

This study investigates the potential use of close-range and low-cost terrestrial RGB imaging sensor for fruit detection in a high-density apple orchard of Fuji Suprema apple fruits (Malus domestica Borkh). The study area is a typical orchard located in a small holder farm in Santa Catarina’s Southern plateau (Brazil). Small holder farms in that state are responsible for more than 50% of Brazil’s apple fruit production. Traditional digital image processing approaches such as RGB color space conversion (e.g., rgb, HSV, CIE L*a*b*, OHTA[I1 , I2 , I3 ]) were applied over several terrestrial RGB images to highlight information presented in the original dataset. Band combinations (e.g., rgb-r, HSV-h, Lab-a, I”2 , I”3 ) were also generated as additional parameters (C1, C2 and C3) for the fruit detection. After, optimal image binarization and segmentation, parameters were chosen to detect the fruits efficiently and the results were compared to both visual and in-situ fruit counting. Results show that some bands and combinations allowed hits above 75%, of which the following variables stood out as good predictors: rgb-r, Lab-a, I”2 , I”3 , and the combinations C2 and C3. The best band combination resulted from the use of Lab-a band and have identical results of commission, omission, and accuracy, being 5%, 25% and 75%, respectively. Fruit detection rate for Lab-a showed a 0.73 coefficient of determination (R2 ), and fruit recognition accuracy rate showed 0.96 R2 . The proposed approach provides results with great applicability for small holder farms and may support local harvest prediction