Progress in Establishing a Connection Between the Electromagnetic Zero-Point Field and Inertia

We report on the progress of a NASA-funded study being carried out at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center in Palo Alto and the California State University in Long Beach to investigate the proposed link between the zero-point field of the quantum vacuum and inertia. It is well known that an accelerating observer will experience a bath of radiation resulting from the quantum vacuum which mimics that of a heat bath, the so-called Davies-Unruh effect. We have further analyzed this problem of an accelerated object moving through the vacuum and have shown that the zero-point field will yield a non-zero Poynting vector to an accelerating observer. Scattering of this radiation by the quarks and electrons constituting matter would result in an acceleration-dependent reaction force that would appear to be the origin of inertia of matter (Rueda and Haisch 1998a, 1998b). In the subrelativistic case this inertia reaction force is exactly newtonian and in the relativistic case it exactly reproduces the well known relativistic extension of Newton's Law. This analysis demonstrates then that both the ordinary, F=ma, and the relativistic forms of Newton's equation of motion may be derived from Maxwell's equations as applied to the electromagnetic zero-point field. We expect to be able to extend this analysis in the future to more general versions of the quantum vacuum than just the electromagnetic one discussed herein.Comment: 6 pages, no figure

Toward an Interstellar Mission: Zeroing in on the Zero-Point-Field Inertia Resonance

While still an admittedly remote possibility, the concept of an interstellar mission has become a legitimate topic for scientific discussion as evidenced by several recent NASA activities and programs. One approach is to extrapolate present-day technologies by orders of magnitude; the other is to find new regimes in physics and to search for possible new laws of physics. Recent work on the zero-point field (ZPF), or electromagnetic quantum vacuum, is promising in regard to the latter, especially concerning the possibility that the inertia of matter may, at least in part, be attributed to interaction between the quarks and electrons in matter and the ZPF. A NASA-funded study (independent of the BPP program) of this concept has been underway since 1996 at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center in Palo Alto and the California State University at Long Beach. We report on a new development resulting from this effort: that for the specific case of the electron, a resonance for the inertia-generating process at the Compton frequency would simultaneously explain both the inertial mass of the electron and the de Broglie wavelength of a moving electron as first measured by Davisson and Germer in 1927. This line of investigation is leading to very suggestive connections between electrodynamics, inertia, gravitation and the wave nature of matter.Comment: Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2000) Conference on Enabling Technology and Required Developments for Interstellar Missions, 7 pages, no fig

Update on an Electromagnetic Basis for Inertia, Gravitation, the Principle of Equivalence, Spin and Particle Mass Ratios

A possible connection between the electromagnetic quantum vacuum and inertia was first published by Haisch, Rueda and Puthoff (1994). If correct, this would imply that mass may be an electromagnetic phenomenon and thus in principle subject to modification, with possible technological implications for propulsion. A multiyear NASA-funded study at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center further developed this concept, resulting in an independent theoretical validation of the fundamental approach (Rueda and Haisch, 1998ab). Distortion of the quantum vacuum in accelerated reference frames results in a force that appears to account for inertia. We have now shown that the same effect occurs in a region of curved spacetime, thus elucidating the origin of the principle of equivalence (Rueda, Haisch and Tung, 2001). A further connection with general relativity has been drawn by Nickisch and Mollere (2002): zero-point fluctuations give rise to spacetime micro-curvature effects yielding a complementary perspective on the origin of inertia. Numerical simulations of this effect demonstrate the manner in which a massless fundamental particle, e.g. an electron, acquires inertial properties; this also shows the apparent origin of particle spin along lines originally proposed by Schroedinger. Finally, we suggest that the heavier leptons (muon and tau) may be explainable as spatial-harmonic resonances of the (fundamental) electron. They would carry the same overall charge, but with the charge now having spatially lobed structure, each lobe of which would respond to higher frequency components of the electromagnetic quantum vacuum, thereby increasing the inertia and thus manifesting a heavier mass.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, AIP Conf. Proc., Space Technology and Applications International Forum (STAIF-2003

The Zero-Point Field and the NASA Challenge to Create the Space Drive

This NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Workshop seeks to explore concepts that could someday enable interstellar travel. The effective superluminal motion proposed by Alcubierre (1994) to be a possibility owing to theoretically allowed space-time metric distortions within general relativity has since been shown by Pfenning and Ford (1997) to be physically unattainable. A number of other hypothetical possibilities have been summarized by Millis (1997). We present herein an overview of a concept that has implications for radically new propulsion possibilities and has a basis in theoretical physics: the hypothesis that the inertia and gravitation of matter originate in electromagnetic interactions between the zero-point field (ZPF) and the quarks and electrons constituting atoms. A new derivation of the connection between the ZPF and inertia has been carried through that is properly co-variant, yielding the relativistic equation of motion from Maxwell's equations. This opens new possibilities, but also rules out the basis of one hypothetical propulsion mechanism: Bondi's "negative inertial mass," appears to be an impossibility

Inertial Mass Viewed as Reaction of the Vacuum to Accelerated Motion

Preliminary analysis of the momentum flux (or of the Poynting vector) of the classical electromagnetic version of the quantum vacuum consisting of zero-point radiation impinging on accelerated objects as viewed by an inertial observer suggests that the resistance to acceleration attributed to inertia may be a force of opposition originating in the vacuum. This analysis avoids the ad hoc modeling of particle-field interaction dynamics used previously by Haisck Rueda and Puthoff (1994) to derive a similar result. This present approach is not dependent upon what happens at the particle point but on how an external observer assesses the kinematical characteristics of the zero-point radiation impinging on the accelerated object. A relativistic form of the equation of motion results from the present analysis

Topological Dual Systems for Spaces of Vector Measure p-Integrable Functions

[EN] We show a Dvoretzky-Rogers type theorem for the adapted version of the q-summing operators to the topology of the convergence of the vector valued integrals on Banach function spaces. In the pursuit of this objective we prove that the mere summability of the identity map does not guarantee that the space has to be finite dimensional, contrary to the classical case. Some local compactness assumptions on the unit balls are required. Our results open the door to new convergence theorems and tools regarding summability of series of integrable functions and approximation in function spaces, since we may find infinite dimensional spaces in which convergence of the integrals, our vector valued version of convergence in the weak topology, is equivalent to the convergence with respect to the norm. Examples and applications are also given.This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain) under Grants MTM2015-66823-C2-2-P (P. Rueda) and MTM2012-36740-C02-02 (E. A. Sanchez Perez).Rueda, P.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2016). Topological Dual Systems for Spaces of Vector Measure p-Integrable Functions. Journal of Function Spaces. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/3763649S18Pérez, E. A. S. (2004). Vector measure duality and tensor product representations of $L_p$-spaces of vector measures. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 132(11), 3319-3326. doi:10.1090/s0002-9939-04-07521-5Lewis, D. (1970). Integration with respect to vector measures. Pacific Journal of Mathematics, 33(1), 157-165. doi:10.2140/pjm.1970.33.157Lewis, D. R. (1972). On integrability and summability in vector spaces. Illinois Journal of Mathematics, 16(2), 294-307. doi:10.1215/ijm/1256052286Curbera, G. P. (1995). Banach Space Properties of L 1 of a Vector Measure. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 123(12), 3797. doi:10.2307/2161909Ferrando, I. (2011). Factorization theorem for 1-summing operators. Czechoslovak Mathematical Journal, 61(3), 785-793. doi:10.1007/s10587-011-0027-9Fernández, A., Mayoral, F., Naranjo, F., Sáez, C., & Sánchez-Pérez, E. A. (2006). Spaces of p-integrable Functions with Respect to a Vector Measure. Positivity, 10(1), 1-16. doi:10.1007/s11117-005-0016-zOkada, S., & Ricker, W. J. (1995). The range of the integration map of a vector measure. Archiv der Mathematik, 64(6), 512-522. doi:10.1007/bf01195133Okada, S., Ricker, W. J., & Rodríguez-Piazza, L. (2002). Compactness of the integration operator associated with a vector measure. Studia Mathematica, 150(2), 133-149. doi:10.4064/sm150-2-3Okada, S., Ricker, W. J., & Rodríguez-Piazza, L. (2011). Operator ideal properties of vector measures with finite variation. Studia Mathematica, 205(3), 215-249. doi:10.4064/sm205-3-2FERRANDO, I., & SÁNCHEZ PÉREZ, E. A. (2009). TENSOR PRODUCT REPRESENTATION OF THE (PRE)DUAL OF THE Lp-SPACE OF A VECTOR MEASURE. Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society, 87(2), 211-225. doi:10.1017/s1446788709000196Ferrando, I., & Rodríguez, J. (2008). The weak topology on Lp of a vector measure. Topology and its Applications, 155(13), 1439-1444. doi:10.1016/j.topol.2007.12.014Galaz-Fontes, F. (2010). The dual space of L p of a vector measure. Positivity, 14(4), 715-729. doi:10.1007/s11117-010-0071-yRueda, P., & Sánchez-Pérez, E. A. (2015). Compactness in spaces of p-integrable functions with respect to a vector measure. Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis, 45(2), 641. doi:10.12775/tmna.2015.030Rueda, P., & Sánchez-Pérez, E. A. (2014). Factorization Theorems for Homogeneous Maps on Banach Function Spaces and Approximation of Compact Operators. Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics, 12(1), 89-115. doi:10.1007/s00009-014-0384-3S�nchez P�rez, E. A. (2003). Vector measure orthonormal functions and best approximation for the 4-norm. Archiv der Mathematik, 80(2), 177-190. doi:10.1007/s00013-003-0450-8Okada, S., Ricker, W. J., & Pérez, E. A. S. (2014). Lattice copies of c0and l∞in spaces of integrable functions for a vector measure. Dissertationes Mathematicae, 500, 1-68. doi:10.4064/dm500-0-

The support localization property of the strongly embedded subspaces of banach function spaces

El archivo no es la versión final publicada del trabajo.[EN] Motivated by the well known Kadec-Pelczynski disjointifcation theorem, we undertake an analysis of the supports of non-zero functions in strongly embedded subspaces of Banach functions spaces. The main aim is to isolate those properties that bring additional information on strongly embedded subspaces. This is the case of the support localization property, which is a necessary condition fulflled by all strongly embedded subspaces. Several examples that involve Rademacher functions, the Volterra operator, Lorentz spaces or Orlicz spaces are provided.P. Rueda acknowledges with thanks the support of the Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad (Spain) MTM2011-22417. E. A. S´anchez P´erez acknowledges with thanks the support of the Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad (Spain) MTM2012-36740-C02-02.Rueda, P.; Sánchez Pérez, EA. (2015). The support localization property of the strongly embedded subspaces of banach function spaces. Studia Scientiarum Mathematicarum Hungarica. 52(4):559-576. https://doi.org/10.1556/012.2015.1326S55957652