Ökologischer Gesamtzuchtwert Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein

Das hier vorgestellte Projekt „Ökologischer Gesamtzuchtwert Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein“ (ÖZW-SHS) wurde unter Leitung der Züchtervereinigung Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein und dem Planungsbüro Ökologische Projekte im Rahmen des Bundesprogramm Ökologischer Landbau realisiert. Damit steht erstmals allen interessierten Züchtern dieses Zuchtwertschätzverfahren zur Verfügung und kann entsprechend von anderen Zuchtorganisationen genutzt werden. Bei dieser ersten Entwicklungsstufe des ÖZW-SHS musste auf die zur Verfügung stehenden Daten zurückgegriffen werden. Es werden aber weitere Parameter, die für eine ökologische und qualitätsbewusste Erzeugung von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung sind, vorgestellt. Dabei ist zu unterscheiden welche Erwartungen die verschiedenen Gruppierungen von Erzeuger, Verarbeiter und Verbraucher an das Produkt Schweinefleisch stellen. Je höher der Qualitätsanspruch ist, desto stärker nähern sich diese Vorstellungen an. Die Züchtung liefert die Grundvoraussetzungen für ein solches hoch qualitatives Produkt. Die gesamte Organisationsstruktur der Züchtervereinigung sowie die Populationsstruktur der ZVSH werden vorgestellt. Zukünftig wird sich die Züchtung bedingt durch Einsparungsmaßnahmen verstärkt auf die Datenerhebung aus einer gelenkten Feldprüfung stützen müssen. Die dazu erforderlichen Rahmenbedingungen werden erläutert. Der Erzeugerschlachthof Schwäbisch-Hall AG bietet die Grundvoraussetzungen für die dazu erforderliche Datenerhebung, die über die Züchtervereinigung Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein dann in Form des ÖZW-SHS verrechnet wird. Für die Berechnung eines um ökologische und qualitative Parameter erweiterten ÖZW werden zur Zeit die ersten Schritte unternommen. Der ÖZW-SHS bietet die Vorteile der: - Schätzung von Einzelzuchtwerten in Naturaleinheiten für alle Merkmale - Unabhängigkeit von ökonomischen Gewichten - Zusammenfassung der Einzelmerkmale zu einem Gesamtzuchtwert unabhängig von der Zuchtwertschätzung und ist dadurch flexibel für die Anpassung an neue Marktsituationen - Möglichkeit der ständigen Beobachtung des genetischen Zuchtfortschritts - Anwendbarkeit auf andere Schweinerassen

The agglomeration state of nanosecond laser-generated aerosol particles entering the ICP

Fundamental understanding of aerosol formation and particle transport are important aspects of understanding and improving laser-ablation ICP-MS. To obtain more information about particles entering the ICP, laser aerosols generated under different ablation conditions were collected on membrane filters. The particles and agglomerates were then visualised using scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. To determine variations between different sample matrices, opaque (USGS BCR-2G) and transparent (NIST SRM 610) glass, CaF2, and brass (MBH B26) samples were ablated using two different laser wavelengths, 193 and 266nm. This study showed that the condensed nano-particles (∼10nm in diameter) formed by laser ablation reach the ICP as micron-sized agglomerates; this is apparent from filters which contain only a few well-separated particles and particle agglomerates. Ablation experiments on different metals and non-metals show that the structure of the agglomerates is matrix-dependent. Laser aerosols generated from silicates and metals form linear agglomerates whereas particle-agglomerates of ablated CaF2 have cotton-like structures. Amongst other conditions, this study shows that the absorption characteristics of the sample and the laser wavelength determine the production of micron-sized spherical particles formed by liquid droplet ejectio

Size-related vaporisation and ionisation of laser-induced glass particles in the inductively coupled plasma

Ongoing discussions about the origin of elemental fractionation occurring during LA-ICP-MS analysis show that this problem is still far from being well understood. It is becoming accepted that all three possible sources (ablation, transport, excitation) contribute to elemental fractionation. However, experimental data about the vaporisation size limit of different particles in the ICP, as produced in laser ablation, have not been available until now. This information should allow one to determine the signal contributing mass within the ICP and would further clarify demands on suitable laser ablation systems and gas atmospheres in terms of their particle size distribution. The results presented here show a vaporisation size limit of laser induced particles, which was found at particle sizes between 90nm and 150nm using an Elan6000 ICP-MS. Due to the fact that the ICP-MS response was used as evaluation parameter, vaporisation and ionisation limits are not distinguishable. The upper limit was determined by successively removing the larger particles from the aerosol, which was created by ablation of a NIST610 glass standard at a wavelength of 266nm, using a recently developed particle separation device. Various particle fractions were separated from the aerosol entering the ICP. The decrease in signal intensity is not proportional to the decrease in volume, indicating that particles above 150nm in diameter are not completely ionised in the ICP. Due to the limited removal range of the particle separation device, which cannot remove particles smaller than 150nm, single hole ablations were used to determine the lower vaporisation limit. This is based on measurements showing that larger particles occur dominantly during the first 100laser pulses only. After this period, the ratio of ICP-MS counts and total particle volume was found to be constant while most of the particles are smaller than 90nm, indicating complete vaporisation and ionisation of these particles. To describe the influence of different plasma forward powers on the vaporisation limit, the range 1000-1600W was studied. Results indicate that optimum vaporisation and ionisation occurs at 1300W. However, an increase of the particle ionisation limit towards larger particles was not observed within the accuracy of this study using the full range of parameters available for optimisation on commonly used ICP-MS instrument

Towards on-chip generation, routing and detection of non-classical light

We fabricate an integrated photonic circuit with emitter, waveguide and detector on one chip, based on a hybrid superconductor-semiconductor system. We detect photoluminescence from self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots on-chip using NbN superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. Using the fast temporal response of these detectors we perform time-resolved studies of non-resonantly excited quantum dots. By introducing a temporal filtering to the signal, we are able to resonantly excite the quantum dot and detect its resonance uorescence on-chip with the integrated superconducting single photon detector.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

Determining the Absorption towards Classical T Tauri Stars from Hydrogen Emission Lines

Classical T Tauri stars (CTTS) are low-mass pre-main sequence objects surrounded by an accretion disk and still partially embedded in the parent circumstellar cloud. We observed a sample of 20 CTTS covering different ages and evolutionary stages with VLT/X-Shooter. Its wide wavelength coverage allows to simultaneously observe H I lines in the Balmer, Paschen, and Brackett series, which supposedly originate mainly from the accretion funnel. We present the results of our study of reddening in CTTS using ratios of common upper level lines. We determine new extinction values AV for several objects, but cannot find deviations from the standard parametrisation A=AV*lambda^-1.84 (Martin & Whittet 1990) of the reddening at infrared wavelengths.Astronom