Odvodnjavanje zemljišta usklađeno sa očuvanjem životne sredine

Needs for fertile soils for intensive agriculture production is surely current issue in one side and care for environmental change due to the drainage in another one. Income increment obtained on reclaimed (drained) soil and environmental protection are contradictory demand. To satisfy both sides, the solution should be a compromise among lands area that could be drained and those ones that could be partly drained or not drained at all. The aim of this work was to suggest technical solution of drainage for the field "Orlača" which should be a compromise between two demands: sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. According to the thoroughgoing review of the drainage problem (source of sufficient amount of water, duration of ponding, type of soil, soil fertility and suitability for agriculture) and existence of low protected flora and fauna as well as presence of economically valuable plants and animals, is suggested not to drain a great part of area (> 50 %). Old canal network should be kept and rebuilt in order to maintain suitable water regime of the soil suitable for agriculture production. .Primena odvodnjavanja svojim efektima neminovno vodi promeni prirodnih uslova sredine. Potreba za plodnim zemljištima na kojima je moguće ostvariti visoke prinose u budućnosti će i dalje biti aktuelna. S obzirom da su povećanje dohotka s jedne strane i očuvanje biljnog i životinjskog sveta s druge kontradiktorni zahtevi, jasno je da rešenje treba tražiti u kompromisnom izboru površina koje će se odvodnjavati. Krajnji cilj ovoga rada je da se na primeru projektnog područja "Orlača" predloži kompromisno tehničko rešenje koje obezbeđuje kako održivi razvoj poljoprivrede, tako i očuvanje prirodnih eko-sistema. Na osnovu sveobuhvatnog sagledavanja problematike (uslova prevlaživanja, tipova zemljišta, pogodnosti zemljišta za poljoprivrednu proizvodnju, postojanje zakonom zaštićene, i ekonomski vredne flore i faune) predloženo je da se ukinu novoprojektovani kanali, tako da se značajan deo površine ne odvodnjava (> 50 %). Zadržala bi se i rekonstruisala samo postojeća kanalska mreža čiji bi zadatak bio održavanje povoljnog vodnog režima zemljišta na području pogodnom za ratarsku proizvodnju.

Problemi održavanja sistema za odvodnjavanje na meliorativnom području VDP 'Južni Banat'

The aim of this paper is a case study of a melioration region, which will show the state of the channel network, as well as the scope of the implemented maintenance measures, which resulted in the reduced functionality of the drainage system. Melioration channels are in most cases in the function of drainage, and a minor number has a double function (drainage and irrigation). The dense network of channels, erected throughout the catchment area, is capable of receiving all the design surplus water. However, during the past decade, the channel network was not maintained to the required level, which caused the reduced functionality of the drainage system. The channels are invaded by annual and perennial plants, channel cross-sections are silted with mud, there are landslides of the slopes parts of water cross-sections are blocked, etc. These are the consequences of the inadequate maintenance of the drainage system and the accompanying structures.Sistemi za odvodnjavanje izgrađeni su na znatnim površinama hidromorfnih zemljišta u Srbiji. Na mnogima od njih nalazi se gusta mreža kanala koji su sposobni da prihvate projektovane viškove voda. Međutim, nedovoljno održavanje kanala utiče na smanjenu funkcionalnost sistema za odvodnjavanje. S obzirom da je jedan od osnovnih pravaca u razvoju odvodnjavanja u predstojećem periodu rekonstrukcija i revitalizacija postojećih sistema potrebno je utvrditi stanje u kome se oni nalaze, kao i razloge njihove smanjene eksploatacione sposobnosti. Meliorativno područje "Južni Banat" je jedno od područja na kome je stanje kanalske mreže nezadovoljavajuće. Izgrađenost kanalske mreže pokazuje da je površina većeg dela sliva ispresecana gustom mrežom kanala koji su sposobni da prihvate sve projektovane viškove voda. Međutim, kanalska mreža se u toku poslednjih decenija ne održava u meri u kojoj je to potrebno. Kanalska mreža je zarasla u jednogodišnje i višegodišnje rastinje, a kanalski profili su delimično zamuljeni. Neki od glavnih kanala na nizvodnoj deonici imaju pojavu kliženja kosina i zatvaranje jednog dela proticajnog profila. Zbog toga obim radova na održavanju meliorativnih sistema u narednom periodu mora biti uvećan, da bi se nadoknadili propusti i kanalska mreža dovela u stanje zadovoljavajuće funkcionalnosti

Kriterijum procene pogodnosti zemljišta za odvodnjavanje sa stanovišta očuvanja životne sredine

Evaluation of soil reclamation needs should be done by existed agricultural and economical parameters, but also new ecological ones have to be introduced. There are not any solid criteria for negative drainage impact on environment evaluation so far. Therefore, the aim of this work was to suggest possible criteria for thoroughgoing evaluation of soil drainage suitability. According to suggested criteria, threshold values of soil drainage suitability are introduced. In the field "Orlača" eugley soil shouldn’t be drained, whereas fluvisol and semigley are partly suitable for drainage. .Vrednovanje meliorativnog područja trebalo bi da pored postojećih poljoprivrednih i ekonomskih uključi i ekološke parametre. S obzirom da do danas ne postoj čvrsti kriterijumi za sagledavanje negativnih uticaja mera odvodnjavanja na životnu sredinu, u radu su predloženi mogući kriterijumi za sveobuhvatno vrednovanje pogodnosti zemljišta za odvodnjavanje. Na osnovu predloženih kriterijuma uvedeni su pragovi pogodnosti zemljišta za odvodnjavanje. Pokazano je da močvarno-glejno zemljište područja "Orlača" ne treba odvodnjavati, dok su aluvijalno i livadsko zemljište uslovno pogodna za odvodnjavanje.

Neki aspekti uređenja vodnog režima zemljišta Donjeg polja u Surčinu

Drainage system Galovica is situated in southeast Srem. It occupies the area of about 100,000 ha, it has a dense channel network of 30-40 m/ha, 2,575 constructed facilities and 11 pump stations. The main channel - Galovica is 40 km long and it is one of the basic receiving channels of the surplus internal waters from the area of southeast Srem. In addition to its basic purpose, this channel has recently also become the receiving channel of the municipal waste water, agro-industrial and processing waste water, discharged without purification and causing significant pollution of the water in the channel. The aim of this paper is to study the water in the Galovica channel and the possibility of its purification in the aim of its multipurpose utilization, especially from the aspect of soil water regime management in the conditions of water deficit in the soil. The study area is the locality Donje Polje - PIK " 7. juli". The study of water quality for irrigation shows that water quality is in harmony with the prescribed standards, pursuant to the Regulation on the admissible concentrations of hazardous and harmful substances in the soil and water for irrigation and the methods of their analysis. The water of the Galovica channel was subjected to the purification by the equipment of the Army of Serbia and the testing of chemical and microbiological characteristics of purified water shows that this equipment can purify the water of the third and fourth classes and make it sanitary safe, so that it can be used as drinking water, especially in emergency situations.Sistem za odvodnjavanje Galovica nalazi se u jugoistočnom Sremu. Zauzima površinu od oko 100000 ha, sa velikom gustinom kanalske mreže od 30-40 m/ha, 2575 izgrađenih objekata i 11 crpnih stanica. Glavni kanal Galovica prostire se dužinom od 40 km i predstavlja jedan od osnovnih recipijenata suvišnih unutrašnjih voda područja jugoistočnog Srema. Pored osnovne namene, u novije vreme, ovaj kanal je i recipijent komunalnih otpadnih voda, otpadnih voda agroindustrije i prerađivačkog kompleksa, koje se ispuštaju bez prečišćavanja i dovode do značajnih zagađenja vode u kanalu. Cilj ovog rada je da se ispita voda iz kanala Galovica i mogućnost njenog prečišćavanja u cilju njenog višenamenskog korišćenja, posebno sa aspekta uređenja vodnog režima zemljišta u uslovima deficita vode u zemljištu. Za ispitivalja je odabran lokalitet Donje polje - PIK "7. juli". Ispitivanja kvaliteta vode za potrebe navodnjavanja pokazala su da kvalitet vode odgovara propisanim normama, prema Pravilniku o dozvoljenim količinama opasnih i štetnih materija u zemljištu i vodi za navodnjavanje i metodama njihovog ispitivanja. Voda iz kanala Galovica podvrgnuta je procesu prečišćavanja uređajima kojima raspolaže Vojska R Srbije i posle ispitivanja hemijskih i mikrobioloških osobina prečišćene vode utvrđeno je da oni mogu da prečiste vodu treće i četvrte klase, dovedu u higijenski ispravno stanje te se ona može koristiti i kao voda za piće, posebno u vanrednim prilikama

Klimatski vodni bilans oglednog drenažnog polja Varna kod Šapca

In the area of experimental drainage field Varna near Šabac, owned by Institute of soil science, was defined climatic water regime using 40 years of observations of climatic parameters. It was defined the monthly appearance of surplus and deficit of water. .Na području oglednog drenažnog polja Varna kod Šapca, Instituta za zemljište, određen je klimatski vodni bilans, za četrdesetogodišnji period osmatranja klimatskih parametara. Definisane su mesečne vrednosti suficita i deficita vode. Analiza osnovnih klimatskih elemenata: temperature vazduha, padavina, relativne vlažnosti vazduha, osunčavanja i brzine vetra izvršena je na osnovu raspoloživih podataka sa meteoroloških stanica Šabac, Loznica i Valjevo, za period osmatranja 1964-2002 godina. Potencijalna evapotranspiracija određena je metodom H.F. Blaney i W.D. Criddle. Proračun klimatskog vodnog bilansa za pojedine mesece izvršen je na osnovu razlike vrednosti srednjih mesečnih padavina i srednje mesečne vrednosti potencijalne evapotranspiracije. Obrađeni podaci pokazuju da je suficit vode prisutan od oktobra do prve dekade marta dok je u ostalom delu godine primetan klimatski deficit vode.

Uticaj odvodnjavanja pseudogleja na prinos pšenice i kukuruza

In the area of experimental drainage field Varna near Šabac, owned by Institute of soil science, in the period of 1991-2003 on plots with and without pipe drainage the yields of wheat and maize were registered. The yields of both cultivated crops were higher on the plots with pipe drainage, which confirm the efficiency of horizontal pipe drainage application on pseudogley type of soil.Na zemljištu tipa pseudoglej oglednog drenažnog polja Instituta za zemljište Varna kod Šapca, u periodu od 1991. do 2003. godine vršeno je praćenje ostvarenih visina prinosa pšenice i kukuruza. Registrovane su prosečne vrednosti gajenih kultura na kontrolnoj varijanti, u okviru koje nije izvedena cevna drenaža i na parcelama na kojima je cevna drenaža izvedena sa rastojanjem drenova od 25 metara. Pšenica i kukuruz su tokom perioda osmatranja gajeni u plodosmeni. Sve parcele, kako drenirane tako i nedrenirane nalaze se u okviru oglednog polja. Na njima su primenjivane standardno jednake agrotehničke mere. Variranje veličina ostvarenih prinosa, tokom perioda osmatranja zavisilo je od trenutnih sociooekonomskih uslova i raspoloživih sredstava za izvođenje svih potrebnih agrotehničkih mera. Utvrđeni prinosi tokom osmatranja, pokazuju da je na parcelama na kojima je izvedena cevna drenaža zabeleženo povećanje prinosa pšenice od 10-59%, zavisno od semenskog materijala, primenjenih agrotehničkih mera i rodnosti godine, u odnosu na nedreniranu parcelu. Zabeleženo povećanje prinosa kukuruza na dreniranoj parceli iznosilo je 9-41%, a bilo je uslovljeno kao i kod gajenja pšenice od faktora sredine i primenjene agrotehnike. Zaključci koji su proistekli iz obrade prikupljenih podataka sprovedenih istraživanja, ukazuju da se izvođenjem cevne drenaže na zemljištu tipa pseudoglej, mogu obezbediti optimalni uslovi za prevazilaženje svih ograničenja pri obradi i intenzivnom korišćenju ispitivanog tipa zemljišta u cilju ekonomske isplativosti izvedenih mera.

A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of polyphenols on the outcomes of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is commonly associated with hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammation which are well known cardiovascular risk factors. Pomegranate peel polyphenols have a proven hypolipemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, there is a lack of clinical studies that would confirm its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic patients. The potential of pomegranate peel extract (PoPEx) to counteract inflammation and oxidative stress in T2DM patients was investigated. For this purpose, a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study involving adult T2DM patients treated with PoPEx or placebo for eight-weeks was conducted. Methods: Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first group (n = 30) received capsules containing PoPEx 250 mg twice daily, while the placebo group (n = 30) received placebo capsules twice daily. Plasma concentration of inflammatory factors (interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and high sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP)), oxidative stress biomarkers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), nitrites (NO2−), superoxide anion radical (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), total antioxidant capacity (TAC)), homocysteine and lipid profile were analyzed. Results: The PoPEx treatment showed a significant reduction of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α, hsCRP), oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, NO2−, O2−) and homocysteine, while the TAC was increased. Moreover, a significant improvement in lipid profile was observed in the PoPEx group. Additional analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between the decrements of all measured inflammatory markers and TAC in the PoPEx group. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that eight-week-long PoPEx administration had favorable effects on inflammatory status and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetic patients

Some aspects of water regime management of the Donje polje soil at Surčin

Drainage system Galovica is situated in southeast Srem. It occupies the area of about 100,000 ha, it has a dense channel network of 30-40 m/ha, 2,575 constructed facilities and 11 pump stations. The main channel - Galovica is 40 km long and it is one of the basic receiving channels of the surplus internal waters from the area of southeast Srem. In addition to its basic purpose, this channel has recently also become the receiving channel of the municipal waste water, agro-industrial and processing waste water, discharged without purification and causing significant pollution of the water in the channel. The aim of this paper is to study the water in the Galovica channel and the possibility of its purification in the aim of its multipurpose utilisation, especially from the aspect of soil water regime management in the conditions of water deficit in the soil. The study area is the locality Donje Polje - PIK " 7. juli" . The study of water quality for irrigation shows that water quality is in harmony with the prescribed standards, pursuant to the Regulation on the admissible concentrations of hazardous and harmful substances in the soil and water for irrigation and the methods of their analysis. The water of the Galovica channel was subjected to the purification by the equipment of the Army of Serbia and the testing of chemical and microbiological characteristics of purified water shows that this equipment can purify the water of the third and fourth classes and make it sanitary safe, so that it can be used as drinking water, especially in emergency situations

Povezanost prisustva faktora rizika na rođenju sa ispoljavanjem problema u razvoju i odlaganjem polaska u školu

The goal of this research was to determine to what extent some of the risk factors for prenatal, perinatal development and early impairment are present in the children whose entrance to school is postponed. The research included 248 children divided into two groups: the children with postponed entrance to school (E, n166), and the children whose entrance to school was not delayed (K, n72). Criterion-referenced tests were used to assess their intellectual abilities as well as their readiness for school maturity-wise. Health documentation provided data on prenatal, perinatal and postnatal development of the children. It has been determined that, from the point of view of the occurrence of prenatal and perinatal risk factors, there are no differences between the children whose entrance to school was delayed and those whose was not (p=0.058). An analysis of early impairment yielded a statistically significant difference (p=0,025) in terms of the occurrence of early impairment in the children whose entrance to school was postponed. The children whose entrance to school is postponed have the same prenatal and perinatal development as their peers whose entrance to school is not delayed. However, in the children whose entrance is postponed certain adversities have been observed in the neonatal period, which distinguish them from other children.Cilj rada jeste da se utvrdi u kojoj meri su kod dece kojoj se odlaže polazak u školu prisutni neki od riziko faktora prenatalnog, perinatalnog razvoja i ranog oštećenja. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 248 dece koja su podeljena u dve grupe: deca sa odloženim polaskom u školu (E, n166) i deca sa redovnim polaskom u školu (K, n72). Sva deca su podvrgnuta proceni intelektualnih sposobnosti i proceni zrelosti za polazak u školu na osnovu kriterijumskih testova. Iz zdravstvene dokumentacije dobijeni su podaci o prenatalnom, perinatalnom i postnatalnom razvoju deteta. Ustanovljeno je da među decom sa odloženim polaskom u školu i decom koja su redovni polaznici ne postoje razlike u prisustvu prenatalnih i perinatalnih riziko faktora (p=0.058). Analizom prisustva ranog oštećenja nađena je statistički značajna razlika (p=0,025) u prisutnosti ranih oštećenja kod dece sa odloženim polaskom u školu. Deca kojoj se odlaže polazak u školu imaju jednak prenatalni i perinatalni razvoj sa vršnjacima koji u školu polaze bez odlaganja, ali se u neonatalnom periodu kod odložene dece evidentiraju smetnje po kojima se oni razlikuju

Povezanost prisustva faktora rizika na rođenju sa ispoljavanjem problema u razvoju i odlaganjem polaska u školu

The goal of this research was to determine to what extent some of the risk factors for prenatal, perinatal development and early impairment are present in the children whose entrance to school is postponed. The research included 248 children divided into two groups: the children with postponed entrance to school (E, n166), and the children whose entrance to school was not delayed (K, n72). Criterion-referenced tests were used to assess their intellectual abilities as well as their readiness for school maturity-wise. Health documentation provided data on prenatal, perinatal and postnatal development of the children. It has been determined that, from the point of view of the occurrence of prenatal and perinatal risk factors, there are no differences between the children whose entrance to school was delayed and those whose was not (p=0.058). An analysis of early impairment yielded a statistically significant difference (p=0,025) in terms of the occurrence of early impairment in the children whose entrance to school was postponed. The children whose entrance to school is postponed have the same prenatal and perinatal development as their peers whose entrance to school is not delayed. However, in the children whose entrance is postponed certain adversities have been observed in the neonatal period, which distinguish them from other children.Cilj rada jeste da se utvrdi u kojoj meri su kod dece kojoj se odlaže polazak u školu prisutni neki od riziko faktora prenatalnog, perinatalnog razvoja i ranog oštećenja. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 248 dece koja su podeljena u dve grupe: deca sa odloženim polaskom u školu (E, n166) i deca sa redovnim polaskom u školu (K, n72). Sva deca su podvrgnuta proceni intelektualnih sposobnosti i proceni zrelosti za polazak u školu na osnovu kriterijumskih testova. Iz zdravstvene dokumentacije dobijeni su podaci o prenatalnom, perinatalnom i postnatalnom razvoju deteta. Ustanovljeno je da među decom sa odloženim polaskom u školu i decom koja su redovni polaznici ne postoje razlike u prisustvu prenatalnih i perinatalnih riziko faktora (p=0.058). Analizom prisustva ranog oštećenja nađena je statistički značajna razlika (p=0,025) u prisutnosti ranih oštećenja kod dece sa odloženim polaskom u školu. Deca kojoj se odlaže polazak u školu imaju jednak prenatalni i perinatalni razvoj sa vršnjacima koji u školu polaze bez odlaganja, ali se u neonatalnom periodu kod odložene dece evidentiraju smetnje po kojima se oni razlikuju