Efficacy of Oil Pulling in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Preliminary Study

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of oil pulling in the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Material and Methods: A total of 62 patients clinically and histopathologically diagnosed as OSMF were incorporated in the present study. The subjects are randomly divided equally into two groups, Group A (oil pulling group) and Group B (placebo group). Subjects in Group A were asked to perform OP with sesame oil on an empty stomach in the morning for 3 months and Group B was given placebo capsules for 3 months. Assessment of various clinical parameters was done regularly, and data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Eighty-two percent had a habit of betel nut chewing, while 18% of the patients had tobacco chewing habits, which were among the main causative factors for OSMF. Clinical improvements in mouth opening, tongue protrusion, difficulty in speech and deglutition, and burning sensation were significant in the Group A. None of the patients reported any discomfort or side effects. The symptoms were not severe in nature and resolved in few days without stopping the therapy. Conclusion: Oil pulling can bring about significant clinical improvements in the symptoms like a mouth opening and tongue protrusion

Recent advances made in the synthesis of small drug molecules for clinical applications : An insight

Over decades dependency of humans on the drugs has become indispensable and irreplaceable. Thus, each year many new drugs are licensed. Nonetheless, drugs undergo rigorous testing and analysis to be available globally in economic price for the suitability of patients with different age and physiological conditions. The testing of drugs include phase I clinical trial using small group of 20–100 healthy volunteers for safety, pharmacology and efficacy; phase II clinical trial using 100–500 volunteer patients to optimize effective dose, dose interval, safety analysis and mode of delivery such as oral or intravenous; phase III clinical trial using 1000–5000 in a larger population of patients globally at different international places to collect sufficient safety and efficacy data for patenting and licencing. Moreover, thousands of drugs fail to achieve these objectives. Therefore, this mini-review intends to critically examine and assimilate the clinical applications of selected complex repurposed small drug molecules which are in different phase of trials for treating viral infection including complications due to COVID-19: (a) Remdesivir, (b) Galidesivir, (c) Favipiravir, (d) Baricitinib, and (e) Baloxavir

4-Dimensional printing: exploring current and future capabilities in biomedical and healthcare systems—a Concise review

4-Dimensional Printing (4DP) is the latest concept in the pharmacy and biomedical segment with enormous potential in dosage from personalization and medication designing, which adopts time as the fourth dimension, giving printed structures the flexibility to modify their morphology. It can be defined as the fabrication in morphology with the help of smart/intelligent materials like polymers that permit the final object to alter its properties, shape, or function in response to external stimuli such as heat, light, pH, and moisture. The applications of 4DP in biomedicines and healthcare are explored with a focus on tissue engineering, artificial organs, drug delivery, pharmaceutical and biomedical field, etc. In the medical treatments and pharmaceutical field 4DP is paving the way with unlimited potential applications; however, its mainstream use in healthcare and medical treatments is highly dependent on future developments and thorough research findings. Therefore, previous innovations with smart materials are likely to act as precursors of 4DP in many industries. This review highlights the most recent applications of 4DP technology and smart materials in biomedical and healthcare fields which can show a better perspective of 4DP applications in the future. However, in view of the existing limitations, major challenges of this technology must be addressed along with some suggestions for future research. We believe that the application of proper regulatory constraints with 4DP technology would pave the way for the next technological revolution in the biomedical and healthcare sectors

(E)-N-(4-(2-(N-benzylidene) hydrazine carbonyl)phenyl)pyridine-4-sulfonamide Schiff bases: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, thermo gravimetric analysis and antimicrobial activity

A new library of Schiff base scaffolds comprising pyridine sulphonamide moiety were synthesized from typical conventional method by the reaction of Ethyl 4-(N-methyl-pyridine-4-sulphonamide)phenyl hydrazide with different aromatic aldehydes derivatives containing hetero atom under reduced pressure. All the synthesized molecules were obtained with excellent yield especially the compounds containing hetero nucleus and nitrogen analogue. The chemical structures of sulpho-pyridine based schiff base were authenticated by analytical techniques viz. FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass spectra and Elemental composition. Newly generated compounds were also analyzed for their thermal behavior and found stable below 250 °C. The synthetic analogue was also subjected to screen for their antimicrobial activity against six pathogens. Results revealed that schiff base comprising hetero-atom, Nitro & methoxy group displayed excellent activity while other scaffolds display moderate activity

Proton transfer equilibria between disubstituted benzoic acids and carbinol base of crystal violet in apolar aprotic solvents. Chemometric analysis of disubstituent effects on the strength of benzoic acid in chlorobenzene

369-373Proton transfer equilibria in chlorobenzene between a set of di-substituted (2,3-,2,5-,2,6-, 3,5-dichloro and difluoro) benzoic acids including the corresponding mono-substituted acids and the carbinol base of crystal violet have been studied spectrophotometrically. To investigate the effect of disubstitution at ortho- and/or meta- positions on the strength of benzoic acid, the results have been analysed chemometrically on the basis of Fujita Nishioka’s multiparameter approach and the assumption of additivity for substituent effects. The model employed explains 94% of the variance for the disubstituent effects on log K. It is observed that the substituent effect is contributed by ordinary electronic and proximity electronic effects in an almost equal ratio (52:48)

Influence of apolar aprotic solvents on proton transfer equilibrium between m-/o-chlorobenzoic acids and the carbinol base of crystal violet: A chemometric analysis

933-936A chemometric analysis of equilibrium results for apolar aprotic solvent effects on proton transfer between m-/o-chlorobenzoic acids and crystal violet carbinol base using Koppel-Palm’s approach shows that the total solvent effect is contributed mainly by dispersion and dipolar/electrostatic interactions in approximately 7:4 ratio. A parallel study with m- and o-fluorobenzoic acids but under conditions favouring acid-acid anion homoconjugation reflects the role of homoconjugated complexed acids in substantially modifying the detailed pattern of solvent effects

A pilot study to analyze the quality of sleep by pittsburgh sleep quality index in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Various studies have shown that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients have sleeping problems and disturbances associated with depression, anxiety, stress, drowsy driving, and other clinical symptoms. This study was taken to investigate the sleep status in POCS women according to the Rotterdam criteria. Aim: This was a pilot study to analyze the quality of sleep by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in patients with poly ovary cystic disease in Bhopal. Materials and Methods: Sixty-two PCOS patients (mean age-24.54 ± 2.63 years) and 31 healthy controls (mean age: 23.20 ± 3.9 years) were recruited from AIIMS, Bhopal, who were evaluated for specific sleep quality by means of PSQI questionnaires. A PSQI global score of ≥5 confirmed the presence of poor quality of sleep. Results: The POCS patients have a global score of 7.97 ± 3.61 than the non-POCS control group 5.42 ± 2.73, thereby indicating that POCS patients have poor sleep quality. Among the seven components, “sleep latency” has a maximum mean score of 1.85 ± 0.99 (control = 1.23 ± 0.85) and a minimum mean score of 0.32 ± 0.82 (control = 0.21 ± 0.75) was attributed to the “use of sleeping Medicine” component. The PSQI mean scores of POCS patients were 1.44 ± 1.44, 1.39 ± 0.61, and 0.89 ± 1.10 for “Subjective sleep quality,” “sleep disturbance,” and “sleep duration,” respectively, and the results were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) when compared to other components and control. Conclusion: This study on the basis of substantiation data found evidence that PCOS women have a relatively poor quality of sleep when compared with the normal control group

OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR WATER SUPPLY NETWORK: A CRITICAL REVIEW

ABSTRACT The supply of clean and safe water in adequate quantity at desired end pressure is the prime concern of all municipal bodies. The large amount of money is involved in laying of pipe network and its maintenance. Nearly 80-85% of the cost of total water supply system is invested in water transmission and distribution network. Hence efficient and cost effective design of pipe network is of utmost importance and challenging task for engineers. Various optimization techniques have been used in last three decades by different investigators to analyze and optimize pipe network problem. The thorough review of the research work related to pipe network analysis and optimization techniques is presented in the present paper

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Not AvailableThe severe acute respiratory syndrome is a viral respiratory infection and commonly called as COVID-19, caused by severe acuterespiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It widely transmitted through direct or indirect contact. Currently, nospecific treatment against SARS-CoV-2 are available; only prevention and supportive strategy are the preventive measures.The present review emphasizes the latest research related to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as the current status of potential inhibitors identified. Recent interest in SARS-CoV-2 has focused on transmission, symptoms, structure, and its structural proteins that exhibit promising therapeutics targets for rapid identification of potential inhibitors. The quick identification of potential inhibitors and immune-boosting functional food ingredients are crucial to combat this pandemic disease. We also tried to give an overview of the functional food components as a nutritional supplement, which helps in boosting our immune system and could be useful in preventing the COVID-19 and/or to improve the outcome during therapy.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSnakebite causes the highest rate of injury and among the population, especially in Asian countries. Snake venom is a type of zootoxins composed of a highly complex mixture of enzymes including phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, L-amino acid oxidase, acetylcholine esterase, phosphodiester, and low molecular weight polypeptide. The hyaluronidase or hyaluronic glucosidase venom enzyme is considered a “spreading factor” as it hydrolyzes the hyaluronic acid (generally known as hyaluronan), which plays an essential role of cell to cell adhesion in the extracellular matrix of tissue. Secondary metabolites present in a crude extract of medicinal plants are considered as capable venom neutralizing agents as they have no side effect and can neutralize a wide range of snake venom enzymes. The objective of this review is to collect, simplify and explain the role along with the importance of inhibition of hyaluronic glucosidase in snake venoms. All the accessible information on hyaluronic glucosidases was collected via electronic search (using Google Books, PubMed, SciFinder, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) and articles of peer-reviewed journals. This review contains a brief description of the structure, occurrence, mechanism, assay procedures, and phytoconstituents reported to inhibit hyaluronidase.Not Availabl